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Epidemics & Public Health

The January 1920 return, the tuberculosis regime, and the polio seat

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1919–1950s · the counted and the uncounted, stated

The influenza came back in the first weeks of 1920, and the federal record counts it for Indiana — not for this township. The banked fragment carries the January 1920 return at pointer. The settler reached in this section is the federal weekly record: Public Health Reports, Vol. 35 (issues of 20 and 27 February and 12 March 1920), prints Indiana's state-level weekly case reports for the 1920 wave — an average of roughly 41–55 cases a week through December 1919, rising through January to weekly state figures in the thousands (1,714 and 7,811 in successive late-January weeks, 5,070 in the week following; the table's OCR is partly garbled and the figures print as order of magnitude, flagged). The national mortality peak of the wave fell in the week ended 14 February 1920. No county figure, and no township figure, exists in that carrier or any other reached: the 1920 return is counted at state strength and the county's share stands uncounted, the settler for any finer count being the county health record named in the next article.

Tuberculosis, unaddressed in the banked fragment, has a county institution and a county story. In 1900 tuberculosis was one of the two leading causes of death in the United States. South Bend's first isolation was five quarantine shacks on the ground that is now Potawatomi Park; the county sanatorium was then moved to a remote site north of the city along the river and kept the name Healthwin — the first institution of its kind in Indiana, and by 1930 the pattern for at least five more, all designed or advised by its superintendent. Dr. St. Clair Darden was hired in 1919, aged 28, as lead physician and became that superintendent, a nationally recognised tuberculosis doctor: where a Healthwin patient's survival chance stood at 50 percent in 1913, ten years after Darden's arrival it stood at 74 percent. Darden died aged 40, is buried in St. Joseph Valley Memorial Park, and the county road-renaming after his death gave Darden Road his name (Helman, South Bend News-Times, 21 March 2026 — a modern newspaper carrier, printed at its strength). No township tuberculosis count was found in any carrier; the disease prints at county-institution strength.

Polio, which the audit scored a negative, has a county seat after all: the Northern Indiana Children's Hospital in South Bend received the region's paralysed children for long rehabilitation — a Fort Wayne newspaper retrospective records a Crown Point girl's year there after five weeks in an iron lung (News-Sentinel retrospective, first-hand). The seat prints at pointer strength; no township polio count exists in any carrier reached. What remains uncounted is stated whole: typhoid, diphtheria and scarlet fever have no county counts in any carrier this section reached, and the cholera line stands as banked — a township negative with the Notre Dame mismatch at pointer — because its named settler, Sutton's 1854 state cholera report, was not reached by two targeted searches; it stands named and current as the settler for that line.

Principal sources: Public Health Reports, Vol. 35 (Feb.–Mar. 1920), Indiana state tables (CDC Stacks, first-hand, OCR flagged in text); Helman, "Why Do They Call It Darden Road?", South Bend News-Times, 21 March 2026; Fort Wayne News-Sentinel polio retrospective (first-hand).

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Using this page? Copy a credit line. Last updated November 12, 2026.

Source: The January 1920 return, the tuberculosis regime, and the polio seat, Moosed History by Project Moosed, https://history.projectmoosed.com/usa/midwest/indiana/lakeville/epidemics-public-health/january-1920-return-the-tuberculosis-regime-and-the-polio/