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A ladder with most of its rungs missing is still a ladder, if the missing rungs print as missing. The sequence, attempted era by era as the item requires: the settlement era (1830s–1860s) — no gift at major size is documented; the era's benefactions are founding acts (the founding-gifts article below) and print below this section's threshold. The railroad and village era (1870s–1916) — no largest gift is named in any carrier reached; the rung stands empty at reached strength, settler the county histories and the Tribune file read for benefactions. The bank era (1917–1955) — no documented major gift; empty at reached strength. The modern era opens with the rung that anchors the leg: January 1999, R.L. Newton's gift of the former school property to the Housing Assistance Office of South Bend — the largest documented gift in the town's record by every carrier, amount unpublished (lk-civ-donations) — followed in the same generation by the endowed lines of the Newton course (scholarship; Newton Park, instruments unreached, previous article). The present era (2010s– ) adds the region's pooled giving at pointer size (the foundations article below) and no new town rung. The ladder therefore reads: four empty rungs, one great rung, and a tail of endowed lines — printed in sequence precisely so the emptiness has dates on it.