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1821–1836 · treaty texts and Howard's valley record, nation by nation
The tribes file tested the Miami and stopped; the test is completed here for the two nations carried jointly in its opening article, and the Potawatomi chiefs of this ground's valley are named. The Ottawa test: the Ottawa appear on this county's paper in the Treaty of Chicago of 1821, a joint instrument with the Chippewa and Potawatomi, and in Howard's quoted valley summary — the Potawatomi "with their cousins, the Ottawas and the Chippewas, once possessed and occupied this vast territory." No carrier reached names an Ottawa village, reserve, cession tract, or chief on Union Township ground, and the 1821 instrument's cessions, plotted in the land file, do not take this townsite. Verdict: claimed for the valley at joint-treaty strength, negative for this ground. The Chippewa (Ojibwe) test is the same shape and the same verdict: a joint party in 1821, a cousin nation in Howard's sentence, and no Chippewa village, reserve, or tract named on or near this ground in any carrier reached. The Potawatomi chiefs of this valley, named with their ground shares stated and no more: Topinabee, the St. Joseph valley's senior chief of the treaty era, whose country was the river valley north of here; Leopold Pokagon, who succeeded him and whose band's story is the removal exception the tribes file tells; Menominee of Twin Lakes, thirteen miles south, whose reserve and refusal belong to Marshall County ground; and Pepinawah, Notawkah and Mackahtahmoah, the reserve chiefs of the 1832–1836 instruments, whose bands' ground was likewise south of the county line. No carrier reached names a Potawatomi chief whose village or reserve stood on Union Township ground itself, and this article asserts none.