The federal count arrives: 1899 and 1909

Census years 1899 and 1909 · counted 1900 and 1910

The first row is 1899. The Twelfth Census counted manufactures for the year 1899 and printed Mishawaka in its Indiana table of cities and towns of less than 20,000 population — the city stood at 5,560 people — with the full apparatus of the old census: 56 establishments; capital invested $3,912,030, laid out as land $171,318, buildings $388,144, machinery, tools and implements $476,367, and cash and sundries $2,906,201; 50 proprietors and firm members; 166 salaried officials, superintendents, managers and clerks, paid $260,754; and a wage-earning force averaging 1,761 — 1,627 men, 132 women and 2 children — paid $843,922 in all. Miscellaneous expenses ran $184,419, materials cost $1,474,313, and the value of products was $3,176,773. The table prints no value-added column; the difference between products and materials, $1,702,460, is arithmetic, offered here as arithmetic and not as a census figure. One flaw in the volume's own printing stands whole: the four components of capital, exactly as printed, sum to $3,942,030 — thirty thousand dollars more than the printed total of $3,912,030. The neighboring rows add exactly; this row does not, and no reading of the page resolves which entry the Bureau misstated. The components and the total therefore both stand above, unreconciled, as printed.

The 1909 row stands digit-by-digit. The Thirteenth Census counted manufactures for 1909 and printed Mishawaka — now past 10,000 people, one of the five Indiana cities newly in the 10,000-to-50,000 class — in its Table III at pages 336–337 of Volume IX. One caution belongs here because the number travels: $23,662,684, which appears in this build's Sources apparatus, is not Mishawaka's figure. It is the combined value of products the chapter prints for all five cities newly past 10,000 — the total the Fashion leg used as an arithmetic lock to prove its five rows were aligned on the page. Mishawaka's own share of it is the $10,882,846 above. Between 1899 and 1909 the city's products had multiplied three and a half times, its wage earners nearly doubled, and its invested capital multiplied more than three and a half times — the woolen and rubber transformation, counted whole for the first time.

Sources:

1. Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900, Vol. VIII, Manufactures, Part II (States and Territories), Table 9, Indiana — cities and towns of less than 20,000 population: Mishawaka, pp. 226–227 (row 50), read from the page images.
2. Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910, Vol. IX, Manufactures 1909, Indiana chapter, Table III (statistics for cities of 10,000 to 50,000 population), Mishawaka, pp. 336–337, read from the page images; the five-city products total of $23,662,684 stands in the chapter narrative, p. 311.