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U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, GEOGRAPHIC NAMES INFORMATION SYSTEM · AS REACHED
What it is: the federal names register, and for this town a standing lesson in reading a register for the thing it registers. GNIS carries New Carlisle twice: feature 452704, class "populated place," the settlement as a named locality; and feature 2396800, class "civil," the Town of New Carlisle as a municipal corporation — the identifier the town's reference record uses, beside the town's FIPS code 18-52704. Two records, one name, different facts: the register is not confused; it is answering two questions. The measurement class shows the same discipline in miniature — the GNIS point and the Census Bureau's 2010 point for the town stand 441.1 feet apart in the comparison the gazetteer sites print; neither is wrong, because a point for a place is a convention, not a location. This build uses GNIS for what it settles — the official name, its class, its identifiers — and never for boundaries, populations, or history, which are not its questions.
Principal sources: GNIS feature records 452704 and 2396800 as carried in the gazetteer and reference records (read first-hand); the GNIS–Census point comparison as printed by RoadsideThoughts (carrier).