The Native Nations: Where the Record Ends

NAMED GAPS, WITH THEIR SETTLERS

• GAP-O1-11 — the derivation of "Baugo." Four spellings and one unattributed gloss ("devil water," the county parks plan's) stand; no linguistic derivation was reached. Settler: Baker's place-names study of the county, read for the creek's entry whole.
• The removed of this township, counted. No source reached names the last band, family or season on this ground, or counts the removed from Penn. Settlers: the removal muster rolls and emigration records of 1840–43 (Milroy's and Brady's superintendency papers), read for Penn Township names.
• Archaeology below county level. The open record places no recorded site in Penn Township; the state site file (SHAARD, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology) is access-restricted and publishes county counts only. Settlers: SHAARD access, or a Division-published township breakdown, which does not currently exist in the open record. The Bellinger Mound's (12 SJ 6) township likewise stands unestablished in what was reached; Schurr's Reports of Investigations 92-2/92-3 would fix it — and until fixed, it is not Penn's.
• Images located, none pulled. No image is used in this section. The atlas and county-history illustrations of the valley's peoples are the sister builds' record; nothing located for this township carries a stated rights basis specific to this ground.

Sources:

1. Chapman (1880), Penn Township chapter, pp. 788–812 (searched whole; the Raccoon burial at pp. 789 and 805), and the county narrative as carried in Before the City; Howard (1907), Penn section, pp. 291–295 (searched whole), the Mound Builder chapter (Ch. II, Sec. 1), and pp. 154–155, 308–310.
2. Davis, Environmental Analysis of Native American Settlement Patterns in the Late Archaic and Early Woodland Periods in Northern Indiana, University of Notre Dame senior thesis (c. 2014, dir. Mark Schurr), read whole; Faulkner, An Archaeological Survey of Marshall County (1961), pp. 64–66, via the Indiana Historical Bureau's Benack's Village marker annotation; Schurr, Reports of Investigations 92-2/92-3 (1992) and 93-1 (1993), as cited in Davis.
3. Kappler, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, Vol. II — 1821 (7 Stat. 218), 1828 (7 Stat. 317), 1832 (7 Stat. 378, 394, 399), 1833 and supplementary articles (7 Stat. 442 ff.); the plotting and reserve test as dug's treaty research (Wyckoff 2019, 2020; Royce, Cessions).
4. The removal and exception record as established in this build's sister legs and Before the City: the Twin Lakes deadline and the 1838 column (rolls, 859; 42 dead; 756 arrived); the Citizen Potawatomi Nation's published account; Milroy's and Brady's superintendency and the Coquillard contract; Chapman's 1840–'43 sentence against the Quincy caravan record, unharmonised; De Kever, Mishawaka's commissioned history (1975), the rapids village account at its stated limits; Buechner and the Pokagon scholarship on the 1830 affiliation, printed divided; Secunda's reading of the 1833 negotiation; Clifton's 874 acres; the 1994 Senate Report sentence; Public Law 103-323 (21 Sept. 1994), findings.
5. Present status: the Pokagon Band's own published record and the public record of its South Bend trust land (2016) and Four Winds South Bend opening (Feb. 2018), as of November 2026.