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Tested November 2026 · Osceola and Penn Township
The row asks for the ethnic brotherhood circle that never chartered — the DeAmicis / DiLoreto pattern of the floor: a circle of countrymen meeting as brothers, leaving minutes in no grand lodge because it belonged to none. The test ran on this ground: searches of the newspaper and fraternal record reached for an unchartered Italian, Polish, German, or other ethnic circle seated in Osceola or Penn Township returned none. What this ground's ethnic fraternalism looks like in the record is the opposite form — chartered and city-seated: South Bend's Sokol Polski, Polish Turners, and Sons of Herman in Howard's roster (art-55-1), bodies with charters, halls, and grand bodies. The finding is printed as a tested negative at the record's size: no unchartered ethnic brotherhood circle seated in Osceola or Penn Township appears in the record reached. A circle that never chartered is, by the row's own pattern, the kind of body that surfaces in parish and newspaper files rather than directories, and its settling sources are named for the re-test: the Tribune and Osceola Enterprise files, and the parish records of the township's worshipping communities.
Sources: the searches described in the article; Howard (1907) for the chartered ethnic bodies at boundary size; the banked Churches & Religion.