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LEG 25 · ITEM 11 · RUN B #127 · READ TO A STATED 1850 LINE
The checklist asks for a Fort Wayne-shaped sentence — by a named date, the map is private — and this ground's honest sentence is narrower, because two of its paper classes were still open at the date: what follows is every element of the 1850 state of title that the reached record fixes, followed by the two that it does not, printed as the gap they are.
Fixed first. The federal frame was complete long before 1850: the township was subdivided in the 1829 survey campaign, the county land market opened in the spring of 1830, and the books name Penn entries from the township's first years — Nathan W. Young's pre-emption, made while the surveyors worked, and John McKnight's entry of about 600 acres on his arrival in 1834 (The Land, at county-history strength; the entry-by-entry pull remains GAP-O1-7). The school section, the township's one true reservation, was out of public hands on the single-source showing of item 9 — sold 21 March 1833 — and is independently proven alienated by Thrall's private addition on it of 24 April 1856. No treaty reserve ever stood on this ground (The Land's reserve test, negative for T37N R3E and R4E), so no reserve title clouded the map at 1850; no canal or Michigan Road grant land stood in the township (item 6, tested negative). Farms' own closing frame — "a wholly private farm map" by the 1875 atlas and Chapman's 1880 publication — is consistent with everything above and is not contradicted by anything reached.
Not fixed, two elements. First, the tract books: until the BLM tract books for T37N R4E are read entry by entry (GAP-O1-7, its settlers the tract books themselves with the Indiana State Archives' Fort Wayne, LaPorte–Winamac and Crawfordsville-district indexes), no one can certify that every federal section had passed to a private entryman by 1850 — isolated unentered fractions are exactly the kind of residue a summary cannot exclude. Second, and sharper: the swamp grant is dated 28 September 1850 itself. Any Penn Township ground selected under it was, at the 1850 line, still public land passing to the state, and could only be alienated under Indiana's sale act of 29 May 1852 and after. So the Fort Wayne sentence cannot be printed for this ground at 1850 even in principle until the selection lists are read: if selections were made in Penn, the map was not wholly private at 1850, and became so only through the state's swamp sales of the 1850s; if none were made, the residue question collapses back onto the tract books alone. The line this section can honestly close on is therefore dated later and stated conditionally: by the 1875 atlas the map reads wholly private, the school section is proven private by 1856, and the state of title at 1850 exactly stands open at the two named doors.
Verdict, item 11 — MIXED. DUG: the 1850 position of every title class except two, including the structural finding that the swamp grant postdates any clean 1850 line. NAMED GAP: the certified 1850 line itself — settlers: the BLM tract books for T37N R4E (GAP-O1-7) plus the state swamp-land selection lists for the township, read together to the stated date.
Sources: The Land (land-market article and closing register, GAP-O1-7); Schools with item 9's DF-16 verdict above; Farms & Agriculture closing frame; Swamp Land Act of 28 Sept 1850 (9 Stat. 519); Indiana Act of 29 May 1852 (1 R.S. 1852, p. 471). As of November 2026.