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ITEM 2 · DUG — THE FAMOUS-NAME BOUNDARY PRINTED WHOLE, AS ORDERED
The famous local works built plows and trucks. They never built farm tractors in this county — and after one dated merger, a tractor carrying the county's famous name is another state's tractor. The works is the Oliver Chilled Plow Works of South Bend: James Oliver's firm, seated in that city since the 1850s, a plow works — the largest chilled-plow maker in the world at its height, and a plow works still. In the 1920s the firm experimented with a tractor of its own, the Oliver Chilled Plow Tractor; the marque record states the experiment and its scale in one breath — only one example is known to exist today — and the experiment was made in the South Bend works, not on this ground. Then the merger year the checklist names: on 1 April 1929 the Oliver Chilled Plow Works merged with the Hart-Parr Tractor Company of Charles City, Iowa, the American Seeding Machine Company and Nichols and Shepard to form the Oliver Farm Equipment Company — and from that date every production tractor carrying the Oliver name was Hart-Parr's tractor, built at Charles City, where Hart-Parr had built tractors since the century's first years. An Oliver tractor on a Penn Township farm is therefore an Iowa tractor wearing a South Bend plow name, and this build prints it exactly so, never as a local product.
The same breath carries the county's second name. Studebaker, of South Bend, built wagons, then automobiles, then trucks — war trucks among them, in that city's telling — and never a farm tractor at any date. And the garden-tractor exception that other grounds claim stands here as a boundary too: Wheel Horse built lawn and garden tractors in South Bend from 1946, in the Pond family's works, through the American Motors years to the Toro sale of 1986 — forty years of garden tractors built in this county, every one of them in South Bend, none in Penn Township, as the register's item 7 already finds at true size. The International Harvester line of the pattern adds nothing nearer: no Harvester tractor works ever stood in this county. The boundary is the finding: this township's farms ran on other cities' tractors from the first one to the present one, and the famous names on their hoods are a map of everywhere else.
The Wheel Horse record (South Bend, 1946–1986). The Studebaker record — boundary, South Bend's build. Register row #583 (its South Bend farms-file pointer executed here at boundary strength).