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1926 — the corridor's longest-held number
On 1 October 1926 the road through Roseland became a United States highway. The designation was applied in Indiana along the existing State Road 1: "On October 1, 1926, US 31 was designated along what was SR 1 at the time." The national U.S. Numbered Highway System itself was formally created six weeks later, on 11 November 1926 — the two dates are both correct, at different levels of the same act, and are not a conflict. As U.S. 31 the corridor carried the region's north–south traffic for fifty-six years: it was the traffic on this highway that the town organized against when it created its marshal's office in 1938 expressly "to curtail the traffic problem on U.S. Highway 31" (the government file carries that record), and the road the Toll Road's first exit was signed for in 1956 as "old US 31." The number's whole later course on this ground — the concurrency that joined it in 1938, the bypass that took it away in three dated steps, and the business route that keeps a form of it in town today — is the rest of this section.
Sources: AARoads Wiki, U.S. Route 31 in Indiana, verbatim; the U.S. Numbered Highway System's creation date, November 11, 1926; the town record at R-3 (the 1938 marshal's office).