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The weather, from the instruments. The disasters record is built from the Storm Prediction Center's and National Weather Service's own data: the NWS Northern Indiana office's county tornado record (32 Allen County tornadoes, 1950–2024; the strongest the EF3 of 24 August 2016), its river crest series for the three rivers (five listed crests on the Maumee, six on the St. Marys, one on the St. Joseph), its climate record and its retrospective pages on the 1978 blizzard and the December 2008 storm. The FEMA Flood Insurance Study names the four greatest floods — 1913, 1978, 1982, 1985 — and the University of Delaware Disaster Research Center's Working Paper 73, the 1982 Delaware flood case study, was re-read first-hand for the events leg; the USGS's Hoggatt (1981) stands behind the gauge history. One open item rides here from the introduction: which gauge read 26.93 feet in 1982 cannot be matched to the published NWS series, and the record leaves it open rather than assigning it.
Fed:
- The wars leg's disasters chapters, the major-events and current legs.