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Before the City

Before the City

The fossil record, at its true size

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The Pleistocene bone record of this ground — tested, and negative in print

The test: The ground's own geology invites the question — a hundred feet and more of glacial deposit, buried forests inside it, marsh and marl beds on its floor — and the file puts it to the record rather than to lore. The instruments searched for this entry: the state catalogue tradition founded by Hay's catalogue of Indiana mastodon occurrences (the catalogue of record, compiled in 1910 and published in 1912, as the later find papers cite it); the find papers in the Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science; the Indiana State Museum's published accounts of its Ice Age collection; and the press record of Indiana finds. A find counts here only if the record places it on St. Joseph County ground.

The result: No find of a mastodon, a mammoth, or any other Pleistocene vertebrate from St. Joseph County appears in that record. The named Indiana finds in the searched literature belong to other counties, and they are printed at the boundary as the region's record, not this county's: the Garrett Mastodon, found in 1933 in Keyser Township, DeKalb County, by a highway worker probing for drain tile (Simpson, Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science); the Richmond Mastodon, found in the fall of 1930 near Cromwell, Noble County, and excavated for the Buffalo Museum of Science; "Joseph," found in 1960 in a bog at Medaryville, Pulaski County, and prepared at the Field Museum; the Parrish and Glasford mastodons of Fulton County, section 32, Township 29 North, Range 1 East, on the Maxinkuckee moraine (Parrish & Melhorn, Proceedings); "Fred," the Buesching mastodon, found in 1998 west of Fort Wayne in Allen County, about 13,200 years old on the tusk-record studies; "Alfred," found in 2019 at Seymour, Jackson County, radiocarbon-dated to a death a little over 13,000 years ago; and the Christensen Bog bone bed in Hancock County, mastodon and giant beaver together in a fir-birch-sedge matrix dated 13,000 to 12,000 years ago (Graham and others, 1983). The Indiana State Museum's standing public statement — that mastodon bones have been found in most of Indiana's ninety-two counties — is a state-frame sentence, not a county record; it cannot be converted into a St. Joseph County find, and this section does not convert it. Should a county find exist in a locality file, the settling sources are the museum's locality records and Hay's catalogue entries checked directly, and the gap is named in this section's notes.

What this ground's record does hold: The deep past of Mishawaka's ground is documented in vegetation, not bone. The drift itself carries the buried forests of the units and drift entries above — soil strata with the trunks, branches and roots of large forest trees sealed between sheets of till, in the county history's account of the well and cutting record. The marshes and lake beds carried marl and peat, recorded by Levette in 1874 among the district's marsh products and by Howard in the marl beds of the county lakes. That is the fossil record of this ground at the size print gives it: trees in the till, shells and lime in the marl, and no great beast with a county name — a negative printed whole, because the town that prints mastodons it cannot source has stopped writing history.

The negative itself is this section's search result, bounded as stated.

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Source: The fossil record, at its true size, Moosed History by Project Moosed, https://history.projectmoosed.com/usa/midwest/indiana/mishawaka/before-the-city/fossil-record-at-its-true-size/