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What is not yet known about this ground, and the sources that would settle it
This section closes where its record does, with the open items named rather than smoothed. The deputy surveyors' field notes for Penn Township — the section-by-section timber, water and swamp calls of the first survey — survive in the General Land Office records and the Indiana Archives and have not been pulled line by line; they are the settling source for the survey-era surface at full strength. The county's recorded archaeological sites for the deep sequence sit in SHAARD, the state's restricted site database; a professional query there is the settling source for the Mishawaka-ground site question, and until it is run the negative in this section stands bounded to published sources, as printed. The fossil negative likewise awaits its final form from the Indiana State Museum's locality files and a direct check of Hay's catalogue entries for this county. The rock under the townsite still rests on one brewery well of 1906 and the county's period averages; a modern drift-thickness and bedrock-topography mapping at township scale, from the Indiana Geological and Water Survey's county work, would replace both. And the rapids' cause — assembled in this section from the gradient, the gravel fill and the fan's margin, each separately sourced — has no single published statement in the searched record; a survey profile of the reach, with the bed material logged, would settle it. What the record does establish stands in the entries above: shale and limestone under some 130 feet of drift at the townsite; three lobes' meeting at the county's heart; two deposits that carry local names into the national stratigraphy; a river made by capture out of a greater river that ran the other way; a fall of two feet nine inches that a town could be built on; a marsh that was a glacial valley's undrained floor; people in the valley from the ice's going, at valley strength; and no printed bone. The city's story begins on that ground, and the other legs of this build tell it.
Sources: the entries above, and their notes in this section's EXPAND file — the named gaps are carried there with their settling sources.