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19th–20th c. · OSCEOLA TESTED NEGATIVE; SOUTH BEND (BOUNDARY)
On Osceola's own ground the test is the same throughout this section and is stated once here and applied in each article: no manufacturer, exporter, foreign order, branch plant, licence, FMS desk, foreign warehouse network or trade office seated in the town of Osceola or Penn Township appears in any fragment, directory, gazetteer census or open record reached — the town's outward trade is the banked depot trade (grain and livestock by rail, COVERED item 1), and it is domestic. No foreign shipment of any Osceola product, to any market, is named or testable in the record reached, and no market-by-market ledger for this ground exists to print. Verdict for this ground: tested negative.
The flagship product of the pattern — Studebaker wagons and carriages, South Bend — did go to the world, and its markets are named at boundary size from the firm's own history: orders “from all over the world” after Clement Studebaker travelled to Europe to open that market; British Army orders for the Boer War and again, by cable in 1914, for the Great War; French and Russian government orders in 1914–18; a New York export office opened in 1912, after which Studebaker furnished, on the trade account, 37 percent of all U.S. cars sent abroad; a London house through which the British government bought hundreds of cars; and “Houses of Foreign Dealers” photographed as a class in the firm's 1919 history. A destination-by-destination shipping ledger — port, consignee, count — is the firm's shipping record itself, which sits in the Studebaker National Museum archives and is named as the settler for any ledger-strength telling; this article prints markets named in the published firm record, no more.
Sources: Erskine, History of the Studebaker Corporation (1919), incl. foreign-dealer and Walkerville plates; Farm Collector, History of Studebaker and the Studebaker Wagon, Pt. 2 (2002); searches stated in the article.