The village test — a negative printed whole

On the exact Roseland ground, no named Indigenous village, reserve or burial ground is establishedThe documented settlement geography is riverine and adjacent, and each item is printed at its own place. The Miami village at Mount Pleasant stood on Portage Prairie, west. The Parkovash — Howard's Chapter V subject, "The Parkovash, Indian Camps and Trails" — is in Howard's own placement a river reach and fishing resort at South Bend ("From here to old Fort St. Joseph's was the Parkovash, the beloved resort of French and Indians"), not a Clay Township village; a modern park of the name stands just south of the town in South Bend, and no carrier reached places a village or burial ground at that spot in the historic record — the modern name is not promoted into a site. Navarre's trading post and Raccoon Village stood south and west, on the river below the bend. Pokagon's and Topenebee's villages stood north, in Michigan, at Bertrand. Macousin village, sometimes loosely placed at the bend, is carried by the record in Berrien County, Michigan: the 1828 treaty uses it as a landmark on this river in Michigan ("half way between La-vache-qui-pisse and Macousin village"), and Swanton's list places it "on the west bank of St. Joseph River, Berrien County, Mich."; a related-named Moccasin's village at Moccasin Bluff north of Buchanan is carried in the Berrien County history, the identification of the two names unproven from a first-hand carrier and printed under caution. One named-village lead this history could not resolve: Swanton's Indiana list carries "Chichipe Outipe, near South Bend, St. Joseph County, Ind." with no township, date or source in the carrier reached, and neither county history as reached names it — it stands as a pointer, with Swanton's own cited sources as its settler, not as a Clay Township site. Two further pointers stand at their strength: the mission ground at the lakes — Badin's purchase of 524 acres around the two lakes in 1831, the site "recently in the possession of a village of Potawatomi Indians," known as Ste-Marie-des-Lacs — lies about a mile southeast of the town in Portage Township, and a tradition carried in the Notre Dame record of an "Old Indian Graveyard" blessed by Badin "about a mile north of South Bend, between the upper Niles Road and the river" names no township and is not printed as a Clay Township burial ground on that strength. The burial grounds actually named in the reached county record stand in Mishawaka, some six miles east-southeast. No trail is named in any carrier reached as crossing Clay Township; the corridor that crosses it is a United States road of the treaty era, not an Indigenous trail record in these carriers.