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6 October 1818 — Treaty with the Miami at St. Mary's, Ohio, 7 Stat. 189
The transaction: At St. Mary's, Ohio, commissioners Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass and Benjamin Parke took from the Miami the cession that opened central Indiana — the "New Purchase" on which Indianapolis would be platted three years later. For this section, the treaty's first article is the operative one: the boundary runs up the Wabash "to the reserve at its head, near Fort Wayne; thence, to the reserve at Fort Wayne; thence, with the lines thereof, to the St. Mary's river" — that is, the cession wrapped around the six miles square of 1795 and took the Miami claim south and east of it, while the Fort Wayne reserve itself, the portage reservation on the St. Marys, and the reserves along the Wabash stayed Native a while longer. The National Park Service's Richardville House nomination measures the whole instrument: about 4,300,000 acres of undisputed Miami title, plus the tribe's half interest with the Delaware in some 3,860,000 acres more.
The consideration: A perpetual annuity of 15,000 dollars — one commissioner called it extravagant — plus 160 bushels of salt a year, a gristmill and a sawmill to be built, a blacksmith and a gunsmith to be supported, and agricultural implements. The second article carved the tribal reservations out of the cession, chief among them the Big Reserve along the Wabash from the Salamonie's mouth to the Eel's. The third article did something new, and the next entries of this section are its consequences: it granted land in fee simple, by patent, to named Miami individuals — beginning with the principal chief.
Sources: Treaty with the Miami, 1818, Articles 1–5, Kappler II / 7 Stat. 189; National Park Service, National Historic Landmark nomination, Akima Pinšiwa (Richardville) House — the acreage accounting and the annuity judgment; Wau-pe-man-qua v. Aldrich, 28 F. 489 (1886), summarizing Articles 3, 5 and 6.