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1914–1945 AND THE ECHO AFTER · BOUNDARY FLOW AT FULL SIZE; TOWNSHIP SHARE TESTED
The county’s great outbound war flow is documented to the truck. Studebaker’s South Bend works built the US6 2½-ton truck from June 1941 to August 1945 — 197,678 trucks in thirteen variations (105,917 six-wheel-drive and 87,742 four-wheel-drive on the HistoryNet accounting), with 22,204 more licence-built by REO. The model was manufactured primarily for export under Lend-Lease, and the Soviet Union was its largest foreign operator: the first US6s arrived in the USSR in the autumn of 1941, the Red Army tested eleven of them between July 1942 and May 1943, and the United States shipped 152,000 Studebaker trucks to the Soviet Union in all, mainly through the Persian Corridor — by rail to the West Coast, by ship to Iranian ports, then overland through the mountains into Soviet territory. Soviet troops nicknamed the truck the “Studer”; it served as a Katyusha rocket-launcher platform among its other work, and the record’s judgement is that its logistic contribution made it arguably the most significant American-supplied piece of hardware the Soviets used. The inbound direction of the same century’s flow is the 1914 article’s mirror: foreign governments’ money and orders flowing into the county — Britain’s cable order for 3,000 wagons in six weeks, the harness and saddle contracts, the French and Russian vehicle orders (article 60-4) — and, a war earlier in the other direction again, British judgement flowing back as the Roberts verdict (article 60-3). The echo after: the Soviet copies and derivatives (ZIS-151; the GAZ-51 studied from the US6) kept the South Bend design in foreign production after the shipments stopped, and the defence flow’s modern heir is the Humvee book of the next article.
Re-run for this ground, the flow thins to the record’s true township size, and the thinning is the finding. The banked wars leg carries the townships’ war record at service strength — the draft machinery, the county’s rolls of dead, the Liberty Loan canvasses that assigned quotas township by township — with Harris and Clay’s own Liberty Loan figures expressly unreached (the South Bend News-Times of 6 October 1918 prints the Mishawaka-and-Penn quota of 800,000 dollars; the two townships’ figures are printed nowhere this build could reach, and their settler is named there: the October 1918 canvass in full). Of goods: no farm, firm or workshop of Clay or Harris township appears in any war-production, Lend-Lease, Amtorg or procurement record reached — the townships’ wartime product was the home-market product of article 60-1, food and stock, sold into a county market that the record does not trace onward into any war channel. The searches run: the county war-production record as carried in the sister builds (Studebaker, Oliver’s 1941 war work — bomb crates, shells, signal guns and tank transmissions on the Oliver chronology — Singer’s military crates, AM General’s line), each tested for a township-seated supplier or subcontractor, with none returned; the federal award sweep of the next article, run back through the modern period, which returns no defence goods flow touching the CDP in either direction. War flows in both directions are therefore printed whole at the county’s size and as a tested negative at this ground’s: the trucks went to Russia from South Bend, the orders came from London, Paris and Moscow to South Bend, and Granger’s part in the century’s war trade is the part its record shows — men, money quotas whose figures are still unreached, and food into the home market.
Sources: Studebaker US6 references and HistoryNet, “Studebaker US6: The Lend-Lease ‘Deuce and a Half’” (production figures; 152,000 shipped to the USSR; the Persian Corridor route; the “Studer”); Erskine, History of the Studebaker Corporation (1914 inbound orders); Oliver chronology (1941 war products); the banked wars leg (Liberty Loan township-quota machinery; the unreached township figures and their named settler).