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Rich Private Clubs
The color line and the parallel orders: exclusion documented, and no parallel order seated here
1897–1899 (THE FOUNDING DATES IN CONFLICT) · THE LINE AT FULL SIZE; THIS GROUND'S TEST PRINTED
The parallel order exists because the original closed its door: the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, founded 1868 in New York, refused membership to Black men, and the Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of…
The orders founded here, tested: both foundings are South Bend's; none is this ground's
1904–1907 · TESTED AGAINST THE FOUNDING RECORDS; BOUNDARY TOLD, HOME GROUND NEGATIVE
Two orders were founded in this county — in South Bend, not here: the Order of the Owls, a fraternal benefit order founded at the law offices of Talbot and Talbot on 20 November 1904 by John W. Talbot and his associates — Joseph…
The ethnic and national nests, individually: the Falcons and the west-side clubs are South Bend's
1885–2026 · BOUNDARY: THE NESTS NAMED ONE BY ONE; THIS GROUND'S THINNER LAYER AT ITS SIZE
The nests, named individually as the checklist requires — and every one of them South Bend's: the M.R. Falcons — the Mieczysław Romanowski Falcons, organised in South Bend in 1894 in the county's immigrant-societies record …
The downtown social and athletic clubs, tested: a class this town never had the downtown for
1907–1914 · TESTED NEGATIVE ON THIS GROUND; THE CLASS AT THE BOUNDARY
Tested negative, searches shown: the checklist asks for the downtown social/athletic clubs — the Commercial-Athletic Club, the Round Table — and a census-year roster of the named social clubs. The class is real, and it is South…
The country clubs individually, and the public courses stated plainly as public
1900–PRESENT · THE COUNTY CLUB AND COURSE TEST, PRINTED; NO CLUB OR COURSE ON THIS GROUND
The country-club test, run on the county's club and course records and printed at its result: the county's private clubs stand individually as follows, each on its own city's ground. South Bend Country Club, at 25800 Country Club…
The women's clubs as a circle: the circle is South Bend's; this ground holds its mailing seat
1895–1990 · BOUNDARY: THE CIRCLE NAMED; THE HOME-GROUND LINES AT REGISTER SIZE
The circle, named as a circle — in the county seat: South Bend's women's-club circle of the federation era stands in the library's own keeping: the Progress Club, whose twenty-fifth anniversary was celebrated 11 June 1920 at the…
The conservation clubs: the county's Izaak Walton chapter at full size, the rest at pointer
1924–PRESENT · THE CHAPTER IS THE COUNTY'S, SEATED IN SOUTH BEND; NO CHAPTER ON THIS GROUND
The chapter at full size, as the checklist orders — and its seat is the county seat: the St. Joseph County Chapter of the Izaak Walton League of America, founded in January 1924, two years after the national league's 1922…