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Women's History
Suffrage, whole: Indiana's partial grant and its loss, the county's course, and the Penn test
Women's branch, item 1 · dug at county strength · Penn women tested by name
The state's course, in its dated bones: Indiana's organized suffrage begins with the Indiana Woman's Rights Association, formed at Dublin in 1851, and its long campaign runs through the century to the one year the state briefly…
Firsts in public office, tested one by one: one dispelled, one qualified, one guarded
Women's branch, item 2 · the SBOA schedules as settler · November 2026
(a) "Debra Davis, first woman president of the town council" — DISPELLED. The claim travels on the government leg's council course, where Debra Davis stands as council president 2017–2018. Read against the State Board of…
The club movement: the county's clubs at full size, and the Penn seat that isn't there
Women's branch, item 3 · dug at county strength, Penn seat TESTED NEGATIVE
The county's movement, in its dated bones: South Bend's organized womanhood is in print by 1920 at full institutional size. The July 1920 issue of South Bend Today (the city's own magazine, preserved by the St. Joseph County…
Black women's organizing, bounded by the census — and the sisters who were the county's first women's workforce
Women's branch, item 5 · printed at the size found · November 2026
The bound, first, because the bound is the article: the census counts of the population leg fix the ground this item can stand on. Penn Township returned no Black residents in 1850 and none in 1860 ; in 1870 it returned thirteen…
Suffrage: the 69-year campaign, the 1917 municipal fight in this county, and the Penn Township test
1851–1920 · STATE AND COUNTY STRENGTH; THE TOWNSHIP TEST PRINTED
Indiana's campaign began with a convention and ended with a courtroom reversal on this county's doorstep: Amanda Way called the 1851 Winchester women's-rights convention that opened Indiana's sixty-nine-year suffrage campaign.…
The firsts, tested one by one with its settler, and every woman the reached record does name
1993–2026 · NAMED GAP — SETTLER: THE SBOA SCHEDULES OF OFFICIALS AND THE TOWN MINUTE BOOKS
The verdict first, because this row's discipline is the verdict: every "first woman" claim for this town — first woman on the council, first woman council president, first woman clerk or clerk-treasurer — turns on two records…
Clubs and ballot institutions: the county's women's organizations at boundary, the Osceola seat tested
1903–1969 · BOUNDARY SIZE; THE TOWN TEST NEGATIVE
The county's women's institutions stand whole in a single contemporary survey: the July 1920 number of South Bend Today (preserved in Michiana Memory, St. Joseph County Public Library) surveys the city's women's clubs at the…
Black women's organizing the record allows, and the sisters' workforce at county boundary
1841–1960 · PRINTED AT THE SIZE FOUND, NO LARGER
The bound, first, because it governs everything in this article: Penn Township's Black population in the census record is thirteen residents in 1870 — the first count after none at all in 1850 and 1860 — and that count is…