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THE FIRST FOUR DECADES READ IN THE VOLUMES THEMSELVES
1850: 1,622 (Seventh Census, Table II, p. 774 — white males 854, females 768; free colored, none returned). 1860: 2,260 (Eighth Census, Vol. I, Table No. 3, p. 125). 1870: 4,982 (Ninth Census, Vol. I, Table III, p. 129). 1880: 4,958 (Tenth Census, Vol. I, Table III, p. 154). The treatment caveat prints whole, because the tables change their practice mid-series: in 1850 and 1860 Mishawaka is a separate line and Penn's figures exclude it; in 1870 and 1880 the form reverses — "Penn twp., incl. Mishawaka town" — with Mishawaka as an included sub-line (2,617 of the 4,982 in 1870; 2,640 of the 4,958 in 1880). On a like-for-like including-Mishawaka basis the four read 3,034 (1850, derived), 3,748, 4,982, 4,958; on the township-only basis printed in 1850 and 1860 they read 1,622, 2,260, 2,365 (1870, derived), 2,318 (1880, derived). The volumes print no boundary footnote for Penn in any of the four tables, and none was needed for the detachments: every carving from the original 1832 Penn — Harris in 1836, the Portage pieces of 1836 and 1850, Center in 1840, Clay in 1840 and 1842, Madison in 1845 — had already happened before the 1850 count, so all four figures describe the already-reduced Penn; whether the 1850 Portage piece moved before census day, 1 June 1850, the volume does not state. The sibling townships on the same pages size the original: Harris reads 437, 367, 408, 450 across the four censuses; Madison 422, 1,151, 1,697, 1,907. The county totals from the same volumes run 10,954 (1850), 18,455 (1860), 25,322 (1870) and 33,178 (1880) — with one internal conflict printed whole: the 1880 volume's thirteen Table III township figures sum to 33,118, sixty less than the 33,178 its own Table II prints for the county, and no remark in either table explains the sixty; the 1870 columns of the two tables reconcile exactly.
The township's later line, at its mixed verification strength, stated honestly: 1890: 5,678. 1900: 8,117. 1910: 15,410. 1920: 17,279 — these four and the 1980 figure stand at the strength of the State Data Center's township compilation (STATS Indiana / Indiana Business Research Center, compiled from the decennial censuses), their settling volumes named in this section's register. 1930: 32,511. 1940: 33,483. 1950: 42,938 — verified in the 1950 volume's Table 6, which footnotes the boundary change of parts of Penn annexed to Mishawaka city in 1947. 1960: 47,330 (the 1970 volume's Table 10). 1980: 56,471. 1990: 59,879. 2000: 64,322. 2010: 66,198 (the three verified in the 2010 CPH-2-16, Table 8). 2020: 68,698 — cell-level in the PL file, with 30,871 housing units. Against the whole line stands Howard's one township figure, printed as his: Penn's 1900 population outside Mishawaka, 2,557 (p. 295) — a part-figure of 1900 that no census table reached in this build reproduces, carried at his strength. The township that held 1,622 people in 1850 holds 68,698 in 2020, and nearly all of that growth is the suburban century of the county's east side: Mishawaka's and Osceola's ground and the unincorporated remainder between them, in proportions GAP-O1-10 still withholds.