St. Joseph County, Indiana · 20th century
1930s
153 dated events in 1930s, in order. Part of the full timeline.
20th century 153 dated mentions
1930s
- 1930The city's art teachers, at their named points: 1930 to the present
1930–1931, the department's first named heads: The 1930 Miskodeed lists the high school's departments and gives art and music together: "the Art Department, supervised by Miss Humke" — Nell Humke, the first art teacher the yearbook record names.
Mishawaka
- 1930The succession: the second Kamm generation, and the officers the record does not name
The founder's death, mid-drought: Adolph Kamm died at Mishawaka on 16 December 1930, in the cemetery record of St. Joseph's — in the middle of the dry years, when the company he had founded sixty years before was a maker of soda and cereal beverage, and three years before it would brew again.
Mishawaka
- 1930The Census Failures: A Missing Page, an Empty Pull, a Timed-Out Chapter
First: the 1930 Census of Agriculture, vol. I, prints its minor-civil-division table on p. 179 — and p. 179, carrying St. Joseph County entire, is missing from the Census Bureau's own scan, whose file passes from p. 178 (Randolph County) to p. No Penn Township figure is printed from it.
Mishawaka
- 1930The stadium Rockne built, 1930
Excavation began in the summer of 1929 and foundation labor in April 1930; the general contractor was the Sollitt Construction Company of South Bend.
Notre Dame
- 1930The Indianapolis line in three forms, never merged: a starter who built his car, a builder who raced, and the test-driver residue
Form one, the home starter in the 500 itself: J. C. McDonald — John Charles MacDonald, born Pictou, Nova Scotia, 23 December 1902, a racing driver who lived in South Bend — started the 1930 Indianapolis 500 in a Studebaker "special" he designed and built himself…
Osceola
- 1930The Russian order of 1930
In August 1930 a Soviet delegation was shown the new Oliver 28-44 tractor at Charles City — a prototype finished, after its bearings burned out in Sunday testing, in an all-night rebuild hours before the delegation arrived.
South Bend
- 1930The Studebaker test drivers: Johnson and McDonald at Indianapolis
His one AAA Championship start was the 1930 Indianapolis 500, in a Studebaker special: he started 13th and finished 18th, out after 112 laps with a fuel tank leak.
South Bend
- 1930Booster cartography: the map as advertisement
The exemplar in the State Library's list is the South Bend Association of Commerce's All Roads Lead to South Bend (1930) — the title is the whole argument, the city drawn as the hub of a wheel of highways at the moment the automobile road net was new, every spoke running to South Bend.
South Bend
- 1930The Hoffman Hotel
Lead: The Hoffman Hotel, at 120 West LaSalle Avenue just west of the LaSalle, was built in 1930 at a cost of five hundred thousand dollars: twelve stories of red brick with limestone trim and terra-cotta mosaic panels, by Willard M. Ellwood…
South Bend
- 1930–1935Receivership: March 1933 to March 1935
Erskine kept faith that prosperity was returning and held the dividend: huge dividends were declared in 1930 and 1931 while the market collapsed, draining the company's cash — "ultimately they were broke by 1933," in museum archivist Beckman's summary.
South Bend
- 1930–1940One Company at Last, Receivership, and the End in 1934
The two South Bend interurban families became one corporation on 8 February 1930 — and the combined property was in receivership again within two years.
Roseland
- 1930–1951The Indianapolis line in three distinct forms — test drivers, the builder who raced there, the home starter — all three South Bend's, none Granger's
John Charles MacDonald, known as J. C. McDonald (23 December 1902 – 11 May 1966), was a Canadian racing driver who lived in South Bend; his only AAA Championship start was the 1930 Indianapolis 500, in a Studebaker special he designed and built himself, finishing 18th after a fuel-tank leak.
Granger
- 1930–1951Open: Who Presided at Kamm & Schellinger, 1930–1951
The Wineries leg carried the brewery whole — the family settlement beneath the partnership, the incorporation conflict, output from 30,000 barrels to a 150,000 rating, the April 1918 closing under Indiana's own law, the 1951 governing date against the Tribune 's 1952 — and its presidency between 1930 and the end is in no source reached.
Mishawaka
- 1930–1951Hugh Maynard Burch: the unaccounted-for
Hugh Maynard Burch was born 22 April 1930. His home of record in the Defense Casualty Analysis System is New Carlisle, St. Joseph County.
New Carlisle
- 1930–1956The Bankless Years — 1930 to 1956, and the Whole Count of the Town's Banks
Between the liquidation and the next charter, Lakeville had no bank for twenty-six years — 21 February 1930 to 2 April 1956, the middle of the town's three bankless intervals (settlement to 1917 before it; 2011/12 to the present after it).
Lakeville
- 1930–1959The mayors as persons, II: Petro to Doyle, 1930–1959 — the holes printed inside
Mason L. Petro, from January 1930 — with the 1934 hole inside his profile: The Political Graveyard's events list documents that on 5 November 1929 Mason L. Petro, a Democrat, was elected mayor of Mishawaka; he took office in January 1930.
Mishawaka
- 1930–1964State Road 23 beyond the frame: no predecessor, a borrowed number, a late pavement
The five 1917 Main Market Roads are all accounted for without this corridor (see the auto-trail article for the accounting); the 1927 numbering left the road unnumbered; and no pre-1930 predecessor designation was found in any record reached…
North Liberty
- 1930–1976Clay High School, whole: the Colonials
Clay High School was Roseland's high school for two generations, and its record opens with a conflict this build prints whole (C18): the school was established in 1930 on the contemporaneous evidence…
Roseland
- 1930–1979Miniature golf's two waves: the craze that left no Mishawaka name, and the Putt-Putt of 1979
Garnet Carter patented his Tom Thumb course in 1927; by the fall of 1930 the United States held some 25,000 miniature courses, valued by the Commerce Department at $125 million, and the first national tournament was played that October on Carter's own Fairyland course on Lookout Mountain.
Mishawaka
- 1930–1983Lakeville High School, 601 N. Michigan — 1931 to 1983
In 1931 Union Township built its first high school: a two-story brick Collegiate Gothic building on an eight-acre parcel at 601 N. Michigan Street, bought from George and Elizabeth Holland on 28 May 1930 for $3,618.45.
Lakeville
- 1930–2010The fallen, police side: four officers and a K-9
Patrolman Clarence Casper, 10 June 1930: The first name on the memorial is the first death: Patrolman Clarence Casper, on duty 5 May 1930 to 10 June 1930 — one month of service, in the city's own ceremony account — who was riding his motorcycle on duty when it struck a car turning left…
Mishawaka
- 1930–2010The Enforcement Line: Mishawaka's Fallen Officers
Patrolman Clarence Casper was killed in a motorcycle crash on June 10, 1930, the Mishawaka department's first line-of-duty death.
Mishawaka
- 1930–2024Clay High School
The school's standard reference record gives "established 1930" and a dedication in 1930; the South Bend Tribune's photo archives date the old Washington-Clay High School building to 1931–1932; the Adams student newspaper, in its history of the corporation's high schools, gives 1939.
South Bend
- 1930–2026State Road 23: the 1930 designation and the corridor it made
The road northeast from South Bend through Granger to Edwardsburg — the wagon road to Michigan, along which the village's trade ran to the state line…
Granger
- 1930–todayCorridors: State Road 23, State Road 4, and the tested U.S.-highway claim
The number's history at frame strength: before 1926 the SR 23 number sat elsewhere in the state; the 1926 renumbering left it unused; in late 1930 it was applied to the modern routing, the National Register nomination corroborating at town level that the "designation of Main Street as Indiana State Road 23 in 1930……
North Liberty
- 1930–todayNotre Dame Stadium — the ground the nation watches
The place: The stadium Osborn Engineering — the designers of Yankee Stadium, the Polo Grounds and Comiskey Park — patterned at smaller scale on Michigan Stadium, and that Knute Rockne principally designed, opened on 4 October 1930 with a 20–14 win over Southern Methodist before 14,751 people…
Notre Dame
- 1930–todayThe apparatus III — Notre Dame Stadium's capacity line
The line: 54,000 seats at the 1930 opening, a figure that held to 1965; with temporary bleachers the ground could hold about 61,000, and the largest crowd of the pre-expansion era was 61,296, for Purdue on October 6, 1962.
Notre Dame
- 1931The 1931 School's Auditorium-Gymnasium Is the Town's Documented Stage
The 1931 school — nominated to the National Register in 1990 and listed on 29 August 1991, its Bureau review of the companion marker dated 17 March 2014…
Lakeville
- 1931The Kansas plane crash, 1931
The flight: On March 31, 1931, Rockne, aged 43, boarded Transcontinental & Western Air Flight 599 from Kansas City to Los Angeles, travelling to work on the film The Spirit of Notre Dame — released October 13, 1931.
Notre Dame
- 1931The Rockne: built in both of the company's cities
The make, apart from the memorial: The Rockne's story — the coach's appointment to Studebaker's sales-promotion work, his death in the Kansas air crash of 31 March 1931, the first production car presented to his widow, President Erskine's words at the unveiling — is the Studebaker section's, and stands there whole.
South Bend
- 1931Edison Park and Coquillard Woods
The northwest's youngest neighborhood was cornfields with a pump house: in 1931 the city built a pumping station for Coquillard Woods — a round brick building in the Italian style with a green tile roof, "the round house" of later neighborhood memory…
South Bend
- 1931The city stops for Rockne's funeral, 1931
The event: Knute Rockne was killed on March 31, 1931, in the crash of TWA Flight 599 at Bazaar, Kansas; the man and his career are People's.
South Bend
- 1931Junior Walker: formed in South Bend
He was born Autry DeWalt Mixon Jr. on June 14, 1931, in Blytheville, Arkansas — the year is stated here because Motown's publicity long planted 1942, a fabrication the Famous People record corrects from the documents — and he grew up in South Bend.
South Bend
- 1931The Spirit of Notre Dame (1931) — set here, shot at Universal City
The various elements of the feature had been incorporated into a contract, and the contract was to be signed on a certain day; in order to keep that engagement, Rockne took off on the airplane trip that killed him, over Kansas, on 31 March 1931.
South Bend
- 1931–1934The Depression test — South Bend's banks, 1931 to 1934
1931, the solvent liquidation and the June closings: The sorting began in order: on 31 January 1931 the South Bend State Bank liquidated voluntarily while solvent, dividing its business between the First National and the Union Trust.
South Bend
- 1931–1940The succession — Anderson and Layden, 1931–1940
Anderson: Hunk Anderson, Rockne's assistant and former player, held the head coaching job for three seasons, 1931–33, in the immediate shadow of the crash.
Notre Dame
- 1931–1970Depression, war, and the Chesapeake & Ohio years
The South Shore outlived every other interurban in the country by being useful to freight shippers and indispensable to war workers: The Insull empire's collapse took the railroad into bankruptcy on 30 September 1933, but the South Bend end of the line got a Depression-era investment that shaped its freight century…
South Bend
- 1931–1991Taken apart and put back — the restorations of 1931, 1968 and 1988–91
1931: The first thorough renovation of the church came in 1931, designed by the New York architect Wilfred E. Anthony, on the Basilica's history page's account.
Notre Dame
- 1931–1995Jr. Walker: the sound the west side sent to Motown
Junior Walker (1931–1995): born Autry DeWalt Mixon Jr. on 14 June 1931 at Blytheville, Arkansas, and raised in South Bend, where his mother had come seeking work — the tie is upbringing, printed at that strength.
South Bend
- 1931–1995Junior Walker — the Motown saxophonist who grew up here
The tie, exactly: Walker was born Autry DeWalt Mixon Jr. on June 14, 1931, in Blytheville, Arkansas — and grew up in South Bend.
South Bend
- 1931–2013The Tale in Circulation: Reprints, Homespun, and the Folklore Canon
The homespun carrier, 1931: the valley's own centennial history carried the tale up the river and graded it, in print, almost-history.
Mishawaka
- 1931–2024Rockne's grave — the famous grave that moved
The place that was: For ninety-three years the most visited grave in South Bend stood in Highland Cemetery, on Portage Avenue in the city: Knute Rockne's, where six of his own players carried him in April 1931.
South Bend
- 1931–2024The famous grave that moved
The move: For ninety-three years the most visited grave in South Bend stood in Highland Cemetery, on Portage Avenue in the city: Knute Rockne's, where six of his own players carried him in April 1931.
South Bend
- 1931–2026The Game They Played, and Every Ground With Its Course
The grounds, one by one: the 1931 auditorium/gymnasium — the old high school's room at 601 N. Michigan St, the town's school-sport and performance room from 1931 and the pre-consolidation teams' home, surviving the 1965 move as the elementary and then the retired schoolhouse that later housed the library branch…
Lakeville
- 1931–todayThe First Bank and Trust Company — 1st Source Bank, and the 1863 question
The descent is real, and documented at every link: the First National Bank of South Bend was organized on 5 September 1863, chartered on 13 November 1863 as OCC Charter No. 126, and opened on 30 November 1863…
South Bend
- 1931–todayTeachers Credit Union — Everwise: ten dollars in a tin cash box
Harold H. Blanchard, a mathematics teacher at South Bend Central High School, formed a committee in February 1931 to organize a credit union for the city's teachers; an Indiana state charter was granted in July 1931; the South Bend Teachers Federation Credit Union was formed by September; and it opened for business on 13 October 1931.
South Bend
- 1932Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic Parish — the Township's Catholic Seat
No Catholic congregation is seated in the town of Lakeville in any era the record reaches — the Catholic seat for this ground is Sacred Heart of Jesus parish, north of town on U.S. 31, founded in 1932/33 and worshipping there today.
Lakeville
- 1932Centennial Week, May 15–21, 1932: the birthday as an event
The week's meaning — the city performing itself, ethnic programs as one of its seven days, celebration chosen in 1932 as a cultural act — is Culture's, told whole there; the fairs record carries the Main Street carnival as a fair-type event, cross-referenced there.
Mishawaka
- 1932The face with no original
The figure was erected in 1932 for the city's centennial season, on the Daughters of the American Revolution's boulder, with the Lions Club's tablet, by the citizens of Mishawaka; the tablet still stands legible on the riverwalk, photographed for the Historical Marker Database in May 2024, and it nowhere says the woman came out of a book.
Mishawaka
- 1932The archive that is not there
Vincent Brunner — born in 1862, brought from Switzerland at the age of five, a Mishawaka resident for the rest of his life, and the city's historian…
Mishawaka
- 1932The bronze that gets it wrong
The monument of 1932: a statue on a native boulder provided by the Mishawaka Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the tablet given by the Lions Club, erected by the citizens of Mishawaka for the centennial.
Mishawaka
- 1932A Carnival on Main Street: Centennial Week, 1932
Centennial Week ran from Sunday 15 May to Saturday 21 May 1932. The week opened in the sacred register, with an interfaith religious service in Battell Park on Sunday afternoon; then the fair took the street.
Mishawaka
- 1932One more summer — the Twins of 1932
The last early club: Professional baseball returned once more before the war: the South Bend Twins played a single season in the Class B Central League in 1932, at Springbrook Park.
South Bend
- 1932Sinai Synagogue: From Orthodox Founding to Conservative Congregation
Founding: Sinai Synagogue was established in June 1932 as an Orthodox congregation.
South Bend
- 1932The arts as corporations: the Symphony association, the Civic Theatre, the Fischoff
The Symphony's association: The South Bend Symphony Orchestra exists in law as the South Bend Symphony Orchestra Association Inc. Its own history tells the founding: after Frederic Ingersoll's earlier orchestra dissolved in the Depression, the singer and conductor Edwyn H. Hames formed the South Bend Symphony in 1932…
South Bend
- 1932The South Bend Symphony: the Hames founding
Twenty-five cents a week: The South Bend Symphony Orchestra was formed in 1932 by Edwyn H. Hames, an Australian violinist teaching in the city, out of his own string students assisted by professional players.
South Bend
- 1932–1939The Wheelabrator: Minich's abrasive-throwing machine, patented from Mishawaka
Against those, the Auburn University case study of the company — a management study, careful on other points — places the development in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1932, and dates the company's move to Mishawaka to 1936.
Mishawaka
- 1932–1981The Shamrocks surveyed: two conferences, one peak season in the papers
The conference record, carried in the schools file at snippet strength and in the conference tables, runs the school from the St. Joseph County Conference — reorganised as the Northern Indiana Valley Conference in 1932…
North Liberty
- 1932–2016State Road 4: three roads wearing one number
The designation history sorts the segments out: the pre-1926 southern SR 4 was renumbered away (the US 41/US 50 corridors) and the number lay unused from 1926 to 1932, when the Goshen–SR 13 piece was designated SR 4…
North Liberty
- 1932–2026The frame: a six-park system the town runs itself, on a record that starts in 1932
The historic record begins with a budget line in 1932, not with a grove or a gift: no fairground, driving park, picnic grove, or Chautauqua ground for Walkerton or Lincoln Township was found in any openly reachable source, and the pioneer books name no park.
Walkerton
- 1932–2026Park government: an enabling power, a levy by 1932, a board by 1984, a department today
The fiscal apparatus is older than any board document reached: the town's published budget of 1 September 1932 levies a Park fund ($300 to be raised, levy .035) and a Recreation fund ($672.89) alongside an "Imp.
Walkerton
- 1933The chief as casualty and the chiefs as rescuers: Heritage Square after the surrender, and the Depression test
On Granger ground itself the test is negative, printed as a finding: no firm seated in the CDP's townships in 1929–1933 had a chief the Depression killed or a receiver who handed it back…
Granger
- 1933The Club Movement — One Institution Dug, Four Searched Negatives
The American Legion Auxiliary unit for Post 363 carries a federal exempt record dated 01/1933 — earlier than the post's own two conflicting dates, which print with it, unmerged: exempt ruling February 1945, department post data March 1946.
Lakeville
- 1933The DiLoreto Club: the north side's Italian hall
The DiLoreto Club — the DiLoreto Society, on Division Street — was founded in 1933 and named for Maria SS. Di Loreto, Our Lady of Loreto, the patroness of Plati, the Calabrian town the neighborhood's families came from.
Mishawaka
- 1933Repeal, the last expansion, and the end
They stand in this section as De Kever gives them — real in his telling, unplaced in time — with their settling source named: the South Bend Tribune and Mishawaka Enterprise runs for 1933–1951, at the Mishawaka-Hamilton Public Library, where a fatal explosion at the city's brewery cannot have gone unreported.
Mishawaka
- 1933The Dillinger exclusion: Ohio's New Carlisle imports nothing
On 21 June 1933 the Dillinger gang robbed a bank in New Carlisle — New Carlisle, Ohio , in Clark County, the gang's first bank job.
New Carlisle
- 1933Temperance as an actor — on plants that were not here, and on the town that was
What the dry crusade did to the county's actual plants is boundary material, dated at art-58-3: Indiana's dry law and national Prohibition closed the county's brewhouses as plants (Kamm & Schellinger's run breaks at 1918 and resumes only with repeal in 1933), separately from the policing story.
Osceola
- 1933The name line: six names over one field
The airport has been renamed five times, and each name dates: It opened in 1933 as Bendix Municipal Airport , and flew as Bendix Field through the county purchase into the county era, when it became the St. Joseph County Airport…
South Bend
- 1933Christ the King Parish
Founding: Christ the King was founded in 1933 as an offshoot of Sacred Heart Parish at Notre Dame. Its first pastor was Holy Cross Father Clement Funke.
South Bend
- 1933Paul G. Hoffman and Harold S. Vance — the receivers who handed back a company
As receivers they persuaded the court that the creditors were best served by keeping the company in production: Pierce-Arrow was sold back to Buffalo interests in August 1933, the model line was scaled down, costs were cut through the works, and by December 1933 the company was back in profit, with $5.75 million of…
South Bend
- 1933–1934The Dillinger test · the gang's course around this ground, and the one job in it
The question: the Dillinger gang worked northern Indiana and the Chicago country through 1933 and 1934, and local retelling in every city on its roads has since placed the gang inside that city's banks.
South Bend
- 1933–1962The Gary Local: the last mixed train in Indiana, through Lakeville
The record is the line historian's own, dug at first hand from his published research: "The Gary Local began operation in 1933, when regular passenger service was discontinued on the Fourth District.
Lakeville
- 1933–1962The Gary Local: the last mixed train in Indiana
The Gary Local began operation in 1933, when regular passenger service was discontinued on the Fourth District, and ran between Montpelier, Ohio, and Gary, Indiana…
North Liberty
- 1933–1982The labor system: two locals and a reckoning
UAW Local 5 — begun in 1933 as an AFL local of Studebaker's South Bend workers, the oldest existing local in the UAW on the union's own account…
Mishawaka
- 1933–1994The centennial line — the birthdays the record does not show
No celebration of any of the town's three birthdays is in the reached record — not the settlement centennial of 1933, not the plat centennials of 1936–37, not the incorporation centennial of 1994.
North Liberty
- 1933–2013Capital Avenue: State Road 331, the corridor the city fought over
State Road 331 is two roads wearing one number, and the older one ran down Main Street: SR 331 first appeared on the February 1933 edition of the Indiana State Highway Commission's map, running from SR 25 in the south — by way of Bourbon and Bremen — north to SR 2, the Lincolnway line, at Mishawaka.
Mishawaka
- 1933–2017Sue Kidd: From a Boys' Team in Arkansas to the Staff Ace
Glenna Sue Kidd was born September 2, 1933, in Choctaw, Arkansas, and was pitching for the Clinton High School boys' team at fifteen when the Springfield Sallies' touring side signed her after a Little Rock tryout in June 1949.
South Bend
- 1933–2021Walter Fredrick LaFeber: born here, schooled here — the historian
The man, at first-hand institutional strength: Walter Fredrick LaFeber was born in Walkerton, Indiana, on 30 August 1933 , son of Ralph and Helen LaFeber — his father a grocer of the town — and the Cornell Chronicle's obituary states the schooling line in the same breath: "He graduated from Walkerton High School in 1951."
Walkerton
- 1933–2026The workforce and Local 5
UAW Local 5 began in 1933 as AFL Local Union 18310, representing Studebaker workers in South Bend; in 1935 it was renumbered UAW Local 5, and the first UAW Constitutional Convention was held in South Bend in 1936.
Mishawaka
- 1933–2026The anniversaries that were not staged, and the festival that is
The events file tests the point whole: no celebration of the settlement centennial of 1933, the plat centennials of 1936–37, or the incorporation centennial of 1994 appears in any carrier searched, across three passes.
North Liberty
- 1934Rose Park and the New Deal in the parks
The Depression built Mishawaka's second generation of parks, and Rose Park is its dated first work: At the southwest corner of West and Fifteenth Streets, Rose Park was developed in 1934 by the Civil Works Administration and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration…
Mishawaka
- 1934The blast-cleaning first — a pointer
One paragraph, by design: The strongest "first" in Mishawaka's technology record is not this section's to retell: the foundational patent of airless blast cleaning — filed from this city in 1934 by the Wheelabrator company's founder, US 2,077,637…
Mishawaka
- 1934The first field of the name: Mishawaka Airport, 1934
The opening: Labor Day 1934 — Monday, 3 September — marked the beginning of another airport in St. Joseph County: at Dragoon Trail and Elm Road, the opening ceremonies of Mishawaka Airport included an air parade and parachute jumps.
Mishawaka
- 1934War Work in Cloth
Ball-Band's coated-fabrics line began in 1934, fusing fabric with natural and synthetic rubbers; its first coated fabric, Leatherette, was used for clothing, and raincoats were made at the Mishawaka factory .
Osceola
- 1934One car, built in secret: the Bendix SWC of 1934
The project: In 1934 the Bendix Corporation built exactly one complete automobile: a hand-built prototype sedan, built under the dummy company name "Steel Wheel Corporation" — the SWC — to hide the project from Bendix's own customers, General Motors among them, which held roughly a quarter of Bendix's stock.
South Bend
- 1934The small fields around the county
Mishawaka Airport opened on Labor Day 1934 at Dragoon Trail and Elm Road — an air parade and parachute jumps for the dedication, a federal listing in January 1935 of 3,960 by 1,320 feet of sod — and its last press references come in May 1948, when a storm damaged its hangar…
South Bend
- 1934Pointed To: The Merchants National Bank Robbery
On June 30, 1934, the gang robbed the Merchants National Bank in South Bend, and Patrolman Howard Wagner was killed.
South Bend
- 1934The Merchants National Bank · the last Dillinger robbery
What happened in it on the last Saturday of June 1934 is told here. The robbery: it was late Saturday morning, about 11:30, the busiest hour of the downtown week.
South Bend
- 1934The answer in steel · the South Bend "Dillinger Car"
The Studebaker Company custom-designed a 1934 President sedan for the department — the car the city called the Dillinger Car — with a powerful motor, a gun porthole in the windshield, and armored baffles to shield the radiator and the tires.
South Bend
- 1934Patrolman Howard Wagner · the Dillinger gang's last bank robbery
On 30 June 1934 four members of the Dillinger gang robbed the Merchants National Bank in downtown South Bend, taking $29,890.
South Bend
- 1934–1940The last streetcars: Mishawaka's cars ran to the system's last day, 15 June 1940
The CERA history's summary of the whole property is one line: bus conversion, begun in 1934, was completed 15 June 1940.
Mishawaka
- 1934–1940The end of the streetcars: conversion, 1934–1940
The course of the conversion: Bus conversion began in 1934 — the year the interurban lines were abandoned, which is the Trains section's date of 1 June 1934 — and it proceeded line by line for six years.
South Bend
- 1934–1943The New Deal tests: no post-office mural; the WPA's own murals
The post-office test — negative, with the evidence: Between 1934 and 1943 the Treasury Department's Section of Painting and Sculpture commissioned murals for new post offices across the country, Indiana receiving thirty-seven commissions of which thirty-six survive.
Mishawaka
- 1934–1953The Closed High Schools — Central Catholic, South Bend Catholic, and the 1953 Consolidation
Central Catholic: The Brothers of Holy Cross opened Central Catholic High School in September 1934 on the second floor of St. Matthew School, with eighteen students and two brothers.
South Bend
- 1934–1968The Bus Succession: 1934 to Transpo, on This Corridor
When the interurban lines were abandoned in 1934, the railway replaced them with buses at once: the Northern Indiana Railway's own interurban bus service ran from South Bend to Elkhart and Goshen and to Niles, and Greyhound ran a through bus from South Bend to St. Joseph and Benton Harbor and between South Bend and La Porte.
Roseland
- 1934–1986Lloyd Haynes — Pete Dixon of Room 222
Reference works split on his birth date: October 19, 1934 (the date the Tribune obituary and the standard references give) against September 19, 1934 (several database listings).
South Bend
- 1934–2008The first-rank producer at credit level: Sydney Pollack — the producing filmography separated from the directing and acting record, credit by credit
The tie first, exactly: Sydney Irwin Pollack was born in Lafayette, Indiana, on 1 July 1934, and reared in South Bend, where he fell in love with theatre at South Bend Central High School under drama teacher James Lewis Casaday, went straight to New York's Neighborhood Playhouse instead of college, and died at Pacific…
Granger
- 1934–2008Sydney Pollack — the director, raised here
The tie, exactly: Pollack was not born in South Bend, and this section prints the correction plainly because aggregator biographies get it wrong: he was born on July 1, 1934, in Lafayette, Indiana.
South Bend
- 1934–2025The story as it grew · the South Bend Dillinger lore, tested
Pierpont, Makley and Russell Clark had been convicted in Ohio in March 1934 of the murder of Sheriff Jess Sarber of Lima and were in Ohio custody on June 30, 1934, Pierpont and Makley under sentence of death; Makley was shot dead in the pair's escape attempt that September, and Pierpont was executed on October 17, 1934.
South Bend
- 1934–2025The shape of the record · statute, scale, and the one death
The statute: bank robbery became a federal crime in May 1934, weeks before the Merchants National was robbed — the statute that stands today at 18 U.S.C. § 2113 was the Dillinger era's own legislation.
South Bend
- 1934–2026Bank robberies: the test run, and its result
The gang-era test asks after the Dillinger gang and its kind: the gang's St. Joseph County record is South Bend's — its final bank robbery, the Merchants National Bank in South Bend on June 30, 1934, where Patrolman Howard Wagner was killed, is the South Bend build's whole…
Osceola
- 1935The Eastburn Lawsuit, 1935 — $14,127.21, to the Cent
The Eastburn action of 1935 stands in the record at $14,127.21 — a sum printed to the cent in the carriers that kept it, which is why the fact survives at this size at all.
Lakeville
- 1935The centennial line: the anniversaries, held or not shown
1935, the plat centennial: not shown. No observance of the hundredth year of the 1835 plat stands in any source this section reached.
New Carlisle
- 1935The park as built fabric: WPA fieldstone, 1935 and 1937
The Works Progress Administration developed the seven-acre park in two campaigns, 1935 and 1937, constructing the ornamental fieldstone entrance structures, a footbridge, a bandshell, a tool shed, a bath house and other fieldstone features, on ground along Potato Creek reached from Jefferson Street between Market and Mill.
North Liberty
- 1935–1937North Liberty Park: the fieldstone park the WPA built
Its National Register nomination — read in the federal record for this section — tells the building whole: President Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration in 1935, Indiana got projects under way that summer, and WPA crews built this park in two campaigns, 1935 and 1937, "using local labor and…
North Liberty
- 1935–1943The federal test: the Farm Security Administration did not photograph this city
The companion volume, John A. Reid, ed., Back Home Again: Indiana in the Farm Security Administration Photographs, 1935–1943 (Indiana University Press, 1987), carries the same geography.
South Bend
- 1935–1970The factories on film: verdicts, firm by firm
Ball Band — positive: the company's own pictures survive as the Foreman's Club picnics: "Ball Band Foreman's Club Picnic," Christian's Tavern, South Bend, June 1935; the picnic at Berrien Springs Country Club, June 1936, the reel also containing 1937; and the picnics of 1938 and 1939…
Mishawaka
- 1935–1998Judge Grant and the federal bench
His first public office was the county's: deputy prosecuting attorney of St. Joseph County, 1935–1936 — the prosecutor's desk of the 1930s, at the deputy level the record preserves.
South Bend
- 1935–todayCrossings, cup, and sewer: the creek in the town's works
The crossings of record are the park's: the Works Progress Administration's footbridge over the creek at North Liberty Park, built in the 1935 and 1937 projects the park's nomination catalogues, is the one bridge on the town's water that any carrier names…
North Liberty
- 1935–todayThe swimming life: a fieldstone pool in the town park
The park's National Register nomination records that WPA crews in 1935 and 1937 outlined the swimming pool with fieldstone and built its bathhouse, alongside the park's entrances, steps, footbridge, and bandstand; the nomination adds five fish-rearing ponds in the park's corners, a common 1930s park feature, of which none survive.
North Liberty
- 1936Earhart at Bendix Field, 1936
The St. Joseph County Airport Authority's own history page records: "Amelia Earhart in 1936 when she landed her Lockheed Electra aircraft at Bendix field."
Granger
- 1936The universities' money: no local foundations, by design
Indiana University South Bend's private giving is raised through a shared statewide corporation: the Indiana University Foundation, incorporated in 1936 at Bloomington and designated by the university's trustees as its fund-raising arm, which pools gift accounts — some 4,500 of them, by its own filings…
Notre Dame
- 1936The famous landing, at the size the record supports
The airport's own official history states: Amelia Earhart landed her Lockheed Electra at Bendix Field in 1936.
Osceola
- 1936The county buys the field, 1936–1938
The Depression made the airport public: In July 1936 St. Joseph County voted to buy Bendix Field from the Bendix interests on a $210,000 bond issue, and the purchase was completed in 1937, making Bendix Field the first publicly owned airport in the area.
South Bend
- 1936Amelia Earhart, 1936: the famous landing the record supports
The airport authority's own history records the visit: "Amelia Earhart in 1936 when she landed her Lockheed Electra aircraft at Bendix field" — the sentence stands on the St. Joseph County Airport Authority's history page, and this record prints it as the authority's statement.
South Bend
- 1936The Bendix sit-down · nine days, or six, that started an era
On the morning of 17 November 1936, the sit-down strike came to the automobile industry in South Bend: Workers in several departments of the Bendix Products plant stopped work and stayed at their machines.
South Bend
- 1936Drewry's: the Canadian century of the Muessel ground, 1936–1972
In 1936 it decided to brew in the United States itself, and the ground it bought was Christopher Muessel's.
South Bend
- 1936The famous landing, tested: Earhart in this county, November 1936
Amelia Earhart did land in St. Joseph County in 1936 — at Bendix Field, in South Bend, on business; no Walkerton-ground landing stands in the record, and the test is printed at its true size.
Walkerton
- 1936–1940The WPA Cat House
The zoo's earlier published history dates the building to 1936 and says of it: "This building still stands today and is known as the WPA building and currently houses one species of leopard."
South Bend
- 1936–1945The Fair's Lakeville Decade, and the Festival That Followed
The years the Fair's page omits are settled at press strength: the South Bend Tribune 's 2001 venue sequence (North Liberty 1926–1935; Lakeville 1936–1945 ; Playland Park 1946–1958; Ironwood & Jackson, South Bend, 1959–present).
Lakeville
- 1936–1950Defense housing · the city builds for war workers, separately
Even wartime emergency housing was sited to keep the map intact: A 1936 WPA property survey , sponsored by the City Plan Commission, documented South Bend's need for low-income housing…
South Bend
- 1936–1956The Loewy years: the Champion, the coming-or-going coupe, and the Bourke coupes
In 1936 the company first retained Raymond Loewy and Associates, with Helen Dryden, as design consultants — Loewy on exteriors, Dryden on interiors — and the first Loewy-credited Studebakers appeared for 1938.
South Bend
- 1936–1956The automatic washing machine — Bendix Home Appliances
In 1936 the corporation licensed its name — for a 25 percent stake — to Bendix Home Appliances, another South Bend company, founded by Judson S. Sayre; the Powerhouse Museum's collection record gives the founder's first name as Jason, and the two forms stand as their sources give them.
South Bend
- 1936–1972The successor on the same ground: Drewry's, 1936–1972, and the brand that would not come home
Drewry's Limited of Winnipeg — Canada's brewing company founded by E. L. Drewry in 1877 — entering the United States after repeal, purchased the Muessel Brewing Company of South Bend on 1 October 1936 (the Evansville Sterling purchase was its companion move the same year)…
Osceola
- 1936–2016The Local 9 generation: the thousand who sat down
The sit-downers of Bendix, November 1936: this entry belongs to a body of people the record mostly holds collectively, and it prints them at that size honestly.
South Bend
- 1936–2017St. Pius X: the farm becomes a parish
The farm's chapel community grew into one of the largest parishes in the diocese: the Catholics of St. Joseph's Farm were an unofficial parish community from 1936, on the parish's own history, served by Holy Cross chaplains whose list begins in 1924.
Granger
- 1936–2022The first church music, and the instrument makers who did not live here
St. Pius X, the parish whose line runs from the 1936 farm-chapel community to its formal establishment in 1956 (told whole in Religion), built its great church on Fir Road in 2017 and filled it with other cities' work: a Wicks organ — Wicks of Highland, Illinois…
Granger
- 1937The county's disability camp: Camp Millhouse
Camp Millhouse was founded in 1937 as a camp for children with polio — in its first summers, 1938 and 1939, it ran as the Sunshine Camp at the Studebaker Clubhouse and Proving Grounds, sponsored by the St. Joseph County Society for Crippled Children, as the camp's own anniversary history tells it from the South Bend…
Mishawaka
- 1937St. Therese, Little Flower Parish
The seminarians’ discovery: In 1937 two seminarians from Moreau Seminary, Patrick Peyton and Jack Haley, chasing the seminary’s runaway horse, found it grazing in the Morningside Addition — “Dog Patch,” as the settlement was unkindly called…
South Bend
- 1937Camp Millhouse
Founding and course: Camp Millhouse began in 1937 as a camp for children with polio — the camp's own account, carried in its executive director's telling and its published histories.
South Bend
- 1937The name written for airplanes
On the proving ground Studebaker opened in 1926 near New Carlisle — the first controlled outdoor proving ground built by an American automobile manufacturer, some 840 acres with a three-mile oval…
South Bend
- 1937–1938The library murals' painter, settled: Crewes Warnacut (1900–1952)
The remodeling he painted for: In 1937–38 the Carnegie Library was remodeled with $20,000 of WPA labor to designs by the South Bend architect Ernest W. Young, and the remodeled building was shown at an open house on 7–8 May 1938.
Mishawaka
- 1937–1949The cushion line: Marion M. Cunningham and the seating program, 1937–1949
The grants: The line opens in the brake trade: with Charles E. Bradley, No. 2,081,578, "Brake material and process connected therewith," of 25 May 1937, assigned jointly to the Bendix Aviation Corporation of South Bend and the Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Manufacturing Company…
Mishawaka
- 1937–1971The Bendix name in other cities — radios, instruments, computers
The Bendix Radio Division was formed in 1937 and set up in Baltimore, Maryland, first inside a General Motors plant at 920 East Fort Avenue and, four years later, in a larger plant at Towson…
South Bend
- 1937–1995The WPA House: the reservoir caretaker's residence, at the boundary
The city's Works Progress Administration application of 1937 was authorized that December, and from March to December 1938 some thirty WPA men built the house: a solid brick one-and-a-half-story cottage on a seven-inch poured concrete slab over a full basement, a fieldstone chimney, metal-framed casement windows…
Mishawaka
- 1937–1999The Tribune Photographs Collection: the city's picture archive
The finding aid of the South Bend Tribune Photographs Collection, held by the St. Joseph County Public Library's Local & Family History department, measures the surviving archive at twenty-one cabinets and ninety-four boxes of negatives and transparencies, dated 1937–1999 with the bulk from 1950–1999…
South Bend
- 1937–2015Buddy Emmons: the Big E
The tie, exactly: Buddy Gene Emmons — "Buddie" in some accounts, the Big E to the music world — was born January 27, 1937, in Mishawaka, and raised between Mishawaka and nearby South Bend; Vintage Guitar 's account puts the raising in South Bend, and this section prints the twin-city childhood whole rather than claiming the half it likes.
Mishawaka
- 1937–2026The disability charities: the one charity neighborhood seated on this ground, the community-resources agency across the line, and the camp
The camp of the set is Camp Millhouse, on the southwest side of South Bend since 1940: begun 1937 as a camp for children with polio, remade as the vaccine era emptied that purpose into a residential summer camp for children and adults with disabilities…
Granger
- 1937–todayBorn here, famous elsewhere: the screen
Chad Everett (1937–2012): born Raymon Lee Cramton in South Bend on 11 June 1937 and raised in Dearborn, Michigan — the tie is birth, and it is printed at that strength.
South Bend
- 1938Bonnie Doon: the ice-cream company whose first and last houses stand here
The founding and the name: Bonnie Doon Ice Cream was established in 1938 by the Muldoon brothers — three brothers, in the encyclopedia's account; Indiana Landmarks names two of them, Herman and Andrew Muldoon, and calls them South Bend ice cream makers.
Mishawaka
- 1938The Gazette again: B. Wilson's new volume 1, 6 October 1938
In the autumn of 1938 the town's oldest newspaper name started over at volume 1: the Library of Congress title record for the second New Carlisle Gazette — a separate record, with its own control number, from the Gazette of 1880 — reads "New Carlisle [Ind.] : B. Wilson, 1938–", weekly, beginning "Vol. 1, no.
New Carlisle
- 1938Goodwill Industries of Michiana
Founding and present state: Goodwill Industries of Michiana's federal record — the Internal Revenue Service's ruling on its exemption — is dated July 1938, and that is the founding anchor this account prints.
South Bend
- 1938–1991John Bellairs — the Gothic children's novelist Notre Dame formed
John Bellairs was born in Marshall, Michigan, on 17 January 1938.
South Bend
- 1938–2011Covenants, red lines, and the public-housing record
The LaSalle School Conservation District's bounds — Panama and Ewing to the south, Logan Street east, the railroad tracks north, Ironwood Drive west…
Mishawaka
- 1938–todayWashington High School
Founded: Washington High School was established in 1938 on the city's west side, its program opened in the old Washington School building at 1534 West Sample Street, at Humphrey's Court.
South Bend
- 1939Mike Salay: South Bend's postwar 500 starter
From South Bend: Mike Salay — born Michael Leo Szalai on 10 June 1909 in South Bend, died here 14 November 1973 — was racing big cars before the war: at the Belleville, Kansas, fair races of 1939 he is listed from South Bend, Indiana, winning a match race on 31 August 1939, and in 1940 he won a feature there in Jimmy…
South Bend
- 1939–1941The magazine visitors: Hansel Mieth's census and George Strock's Bendix women
In August 1939 Hansel Mieth — the German-born photographer who, with Otto Hagel, had made the defining documentary work of California's migrant and labor world…
South Bend
- 1939–1947Castleman and Brady: the war years
On the shifted Indiana cadence — elections in 1934, 1938 and 1942 — the reading that fits is that Castleman won the election of November 1938 and took office in January 1939; but no source read for this section dates his first election, and the cadence reading is printed here as a reading, not as the record.
Mishawaka
- 1939–1972Firsts in public life · the legislature, the council chamber, the uniform, the classroom
J. Chester Allen's House service (1939–43) and his later standing as the council's first Black member (1960–63) and the county bar's first Black president (1969–70) are told in the Allens entry; Elizabeth Fletcher Allen's firsts…
South Bend
- 1939–2026The transition: from the studio chair to the Kodak counter — the county's counter is Gene's Camera, 1939 to the present
The county's verified transition house is Gene's Camera, 513 Lincoln Way West, South Bend: the business began as Picture Equipment Company in 1939; Eugene Mutzl later purchased it and renamed it Gene's Photo Shop (in time, Gene's Camera); Jack St. Pierre acquired it in 1981…
Osceola
- 1939–2026Gene's Camera: the supply trade's own 87 years
Gene's Camera, at 513 Lincoln Way West, began in 1939 as the Picture Equipment Company; later that same year Eugene Mutzl bought it and renamed it Gene's Photo Shop, and he kept it for more than forty years.
South Bend
- 1939–2026The records of Woodlawn: the 1939 registration, the federal name-forms, and the aggregator layer
The registration layer is the 1939 WPA graves registration, keyed by the South Bend Area Genealogical Society as North Woodlawn (Walkerton), pages 1109–1125, and South Woodlawn (Walkerton), pages 1126–1139 — the only Walkerton-seated keys in the county list.
Walkerton
- 1939–2026The trustee frame: what Indiana law would reach, and the record that it never has here
Under IC 23-14-68, the trustee of each township shall locate and maintain the cemeteries within the township that are without funds for maintenance, were in existence on 28 February 1939, and are operated by a nonprofit organization or not managed by any viable organization…
Walkerton