All cities · 20th century
1900s
259 dated events in 1900s, in order. Part of the full timeline.
20th century 259 dated mentions
1900s
- 1900Arnold Gerberding — the hardware co-operative
Arnold Gerberding spent a quarter-century learning hardware before he founded anything: born in Fort Wayne in 1900, he went to work for Pfeiffer Hardware after high school, spent nearly two decades as a buyer at Schafer Hardware in Decatur, and was general sales manager at Auburn Hardware from 1943 to 1945.
Fort Wayne
- 1900The private sanitaria of the directory era
The Polk directory of 1900 lists, under baths, the Kneipp Sanitarium and Water Cure at 181 Calhoun Street, kept by William F. Kuhbach — the cold-water regimen that was the era's respectable treatment for nervous exhaustion.
Fort Wayne
- 1900The composition: the immigrant counts as the record gives them
The Italians: 8 people in 1900 and 993 by 1930, about half of them foreign-born, in two enclaves on the two banks.
Mishawaka
- 1900The St. Joe Valley Country Club: the first club on the bluff, 1900–1911
The St. Joe Valley Country Club was organized in 1900 and laid out nine holes on sixty-five acres of the river-bluff property north of the Lincolnway that Frederick G. Eberhart would later buy and give the city.
Mishawaka
- 1900The town's own fair: the Walkerton exposition of 1900
First prize winner at Walkerton exposition in the fall of 1900. A prize list existed, a local grower won in it, and the win was worth money in print the following spring — the grammar of a judged agricultural show, in a town whose paper's own arts pass banked the same reference from the Independent's file.
Walkerton
- 1900Three hundred and fifty people in 1900
Howard writes that "the population, in 1900, had reached three hundred and fifty."
Lakeville
- 1900–1901The First National Bank of Mishawaka — charter No. 5167
Charter No. 5167 stands in the OCC's 1900–01 granting sequence; the exact organization date is not carried in the record reached, and the settling sources are named rather than the date guessed…
Mishawaka
- 1900–1938The Citizens' Trust and Savings Bank — the Citizens' National's companion
The paired affiliate: In 1900 the men of the Citizens' National organized a state-chartered companion under Indiana law — carried in the county history as the Citizens' Loan, Trust and Savings Company and in the 1921 Polk directory as the Citizens' Trust and Savings Bank, at 112–114 West Jefferson Boulevard, the same…
South Bend
- 1900–1945The long rural hold
The twentieth century arrived late on Harris Prairie: in 1900 Harris Township held 481 people, including the town of Granger — the whole township, village and farms together, fewer people than one modern subdivision street.
Granger
- 1900–1963The First National Bank of New Carlisle, 1900–1963
The firm's biography gives the course whole: the private bank was "established in the spring of 1897" in the Brummitt hardware building, A. R. Brummitt cashier, and "continued until 1900, when it was incorporated as the First National Bank of New Carlisle."
New Carlisle
- 1900–todayBlack South Bend's leaders: the lawyers, the nurse, and the council presidents
J. Chester Allen (born 1900) and Elizabeth Fletcher Allen: the attorneys who opened the pool. J. Chester Allen was born in 1900 at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and practiced law in South Bend with his wife, Elizabeth Fletcher Allen — Indiana's first female African American lawyer.
South Bend
- 1900–todayThe Italian south side: between the tracks, Thirteenth, Spring and Union
The second enclave stood inside the old grid, south of the tracks: Italian Mishawaka counted 8 people in 1900 and 993 by 1930, about half of them foreign-born — the demography is culture's count; the geography is this section's.
Mishawaka
- 1900–todayTwin Branch: the neighborhood that took the power plant's name
The dam on the river there was first called the Hen Island Dam; the modern dam was built by Sanderson & Porter for the St. Joseph and Elkhart Power Company, commissioned 26 February 1900, and its powerhouse sent out its first power on 16 December 1903…
Mishawaka
- 1900–todayThe country clubs individually, and the public courses stated plainly as public
(The forum record's separate line — a "South Bend Country Club" incorporated 25 January 1900, its course question unresolved against the St. Joe Valley club of the same ground — is printed as it stands, unmerged with the 1916 establishment.)
Osceola
- 1901Tokheim — Tokheim Manufacturing Company (Cedar Rapids) → Tokheim Oil Tank and Pump Company → Tokheim Corporation
Founded: 1901, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, with a 1900 variant flagged. NOT founded in Fort Wayne.
Fort Wayne
- 1901John B. Franke — the baker who gave the city a park
John B. Franke established the Wayne Biscuit Company in Fort Wayne in 1901, at 350 Pearl Street — the company that became Perfection Biscuit, then Perfection Bakeries, and in time the Aunt Millie's Bakeries of the Business record.
Fort Wayne
- 1901Francis M. Price Elementary School
The building stands at 1901 West State Boulevard, on the city's northwest side, where it has anchored its neighborhoods ever since, through the whole postwar growth of that part of Fort Wayne and into the present century.
Fort Wayne
- 1901The burial ground: God's Acre
The cemetery was in use from July 1901 to May 1967. There is one large stone, dated 1901 to 1967, and the graves themselves were never individually marked; research into the ground indicates more than two hundred graves, possibly more.
Fort Wayne
- 1901South Bend Bait Company — the Bass-Oreno
Bucktails from a kitchen table trade: Frank G. Worden made bucktail fly lures at home in South Bend in the 1890s, on several accounts, and appears in the city directory for the first time as proprietor of the Worden Bait Company in 1901.
South Bend
- 1901The Knights of Columbus: Santa Maria Council 553
The charter: The council's own newsletter masthead carries its birth date: "Knights of Columbus, Santa Maria Council #553, Chartered January 6, 1901."
South Bend
- 1901First English Lutheran Church: English Services, and a Consolidation in Progress
The founding: First English Lutheran was organized on 19 November 1901 to do what its name says: hold Lutheran services in English, the first in the city, for the generation that had outgrown St. Peter's German.
Mishawaka
- 1901The opera house: operating in 1901, its building a named gap
Walkerton had an opera house, and the town's paper proves it in passing: the Walkerton Independent of 20 April 1901 reports that "the Walkerton Minstrel entertainment given in the opera house last Friday evening under the direction of Geo.
Walkerton
- 1901The market report: what Walkerton ate, priced every Friday noon
The town's table survives as a price list: the Walkerton Independent of 20 April 1901 prints the "Walkerton Market — corrected every Friday noon by Stephens & Grider, the Walkerton Milling Co., and J. A. Neal & Co." — the town's merchants certifying the prices themselves, weekly, as a standing feature.
Walkerton
- 1901–1907The 1901–1902 pair — Drs. Seaman and Proudfit
Dr. J. B. Seaman, born at Clyde, New York, 21 June 1864, graduated from the Medical College of Indiana in 1900, and "in 1901 came to Osceola and entered upon practice"; he married Margaret Morgan on 17 May 1904.
Osceola
- 1901–1912George Jacobs and Ethel Mossman Jacobs: the enamel that made magnet wire
George Jacobs (1877–1945), a young chemist at General Electric's Fort Wayne Works in 1901, took up the problem of a chemical enamel that could be baked onto wire of any thickness, yet stay flexible enough to wind.
Fort Wayne
- 1901–1916The South Shore built: the Chicago, Lake Shore & South Bend
The last and longest-lived of South Bend's railroads was built like a steam road and run like a streetcar: The company was incorporated at the end of 1901 as the Chicago & Indiana Air Line Railway, and renamed the Chicago, Lake Shore & South Bend Railway on 30 July 1904.
South Bend
- 1901–1918Not Carnegie — a Tested Negative, and the County's Real One
Indiana's Carnegie grants ran 1901–1918 (156 grants, buildings completed to 1922, on the State Library's own blog), and Lakeville's first public library of any kind found in this research opened in 1990…
Lakeville
- 1901–1939South Bend Bait: one unpatented founder innovation over a shelf of bought paper
The pattern: The fishing-tackle firm the Businesses section carries — born as the Worden Bucktail Company in 1901, renamed for this city — is this section's cleanest exhibit of the rule that a patent number or it did not happen, because its record runs in both directions at once.
South Bend
- 1901–1940The Color Line at the Desk
The University of Michigan's published account of Branch Rickey's own oft-told story dates the scene 1901: the visiting Wesleyan baseball team, in town to play Notre Dame, had reserved rooms at the Oliver, and at check-in every player was accepted except one…
South Bend
- 1901–1941The interurban web — electric cars to everywhere
Interurban service came to Fort Wayne in 1901, southwest to Huntington, and the lines multiplied until the 1910 city directory listed five traction companies serving the city.
Fort Wayne
- 1901–1964The timetable pattern: the town on two station lists
A compiled list of Indiana railroad stations (branchline.uk, "Indiana Railroads — SL 281," its stated basis the Official Guide of 1875/1893 and company public and working timetables) prints the New York Central's "South Bend – Illinois" line (ex-CI&S, ex-Three I) from its 1901 timetable reference: South Bend 0.0…
North Liberty
- 1901–1979Freddie Fitzsimmons — 217 wins from a Mishawaka boyhood
The Mishawaka root: Frederick Landis Fitzsimmons was born in July 1901 — the 28th in most records, the 26th in the SABR biography, a two-day disagreement the file prints rather than resolves…
Mishawaka
- 1901–1992The paper as the town's archive of record
The Independent is not only this section's subject; it is this build's chief witness: its pages are the settling record for the opera house of 1901 and the market report of the same spring (Arts & Culture and Food carry both), for the town-team basketball game of 4 March 1948 whose story a schoolboy named Walter…
Walkerton
- 1901–todayPerfection Biscuit Company — Perfection Bakeries — Aunt Millie's
Founded: John B. Franke established the company in Fort Wayne in 1901, at 350 Pearl Street. The company's own history and the History Center give the original name as the Wayne Biscuit Company ; an ACGSI place page also renders it "Fort Wayne Biscuit Company" in one line — the company name of record is Wayne Biscuit.
Fort Wayne
- 1902The Wayne Candies founders — Heit, Miller, Lau and Dickmeyer
The Heit-Miller-Lau Company was named for its three founders — Anthony Heit, Joseph Miller and Thomas Lau — who began it in 1902.
Fort Wayne
- 1902The newcomers' studios: Roggen, Copenolle, Ozaki, Kaung
The trade in an immigrant city: Adolph Roggen was born in Germany in 1864, immigrated in 1873, and reached Fort Wayne by way of Chicago, Galveston, Deadwood, Nebraska, Iowa, and Ohio, keeping a studio at 1122 Calhoun from 1902 to 1911 and serving as president of the Turnverein Vorwärts.
Fort Wayne
- 1902The wagon era beside Studebaker — Winkler Brothers and the wagon shops
The firm with the clearest afterlife is Winkler Brothers: three brothers who began at the anvil and bench and incorporated on 29 October 1902, with $75,000 capital, as the Winkler Brothers' Manufacturing Company, building a modern factory on a tract served by the Lake Shore railroad in the city's southwest.
South Bend
- 1902Free Methodist Church
The entry the record allows: The Free Methodist congregation built its church in 1902 at 601 East Grove Street, and the one detail the genealogical timeline preserves of the building is worth the entry by itself: it was built of cement blocks cast from the gravel dug out of its own basement.
Mishawaka
- 1902Incorporation: by order of the board of county commissioners, 7 July 1902
"Lakeville became an incorporated town by order of the board of county commissioners, July 7, 1902" (Howard, 1907, closing line of his Lakeville section, read first-hand).
Lakeville
- 1902Annexation — a Closing Synthesis That Is Honestly a Gap
Lakeville was incorporated 7 July 1902 by order of the board of county commissioners — Howard's closing line for the town is the whole of his statement on it; the variants print whole in the government file (an EPA profile's "1905"; a directory's "created in 1901"), and Howard governs.
Lakeville
- 1902–1868Undertakers and Funeral Homes, 1902–1984
Johnson's directory of 1902–03 gives the town's first undertaker of record: Feiten Eugene A., undertaker, 205 N. Main.
Mishawaka
- 1902–1906The St. Joseph Line Opens: 1903 to Niles, 1906 Through
The company was consolidated on 15 September 1902, successor through consolidation to a Michigan company of the same name and to the South Bend and Northern Railway, both then under construction, with capital of $750,000.
Roseland
- 1902–1914Leeper Park: The City's First Zoo, 1902
Lead: South Bend's first zoo began, in the zoo's own published words, as "a modest duck pond in Leeper Park in the spring of 1902."
South Bend
- 1902–1920Columbia Street: the first garages and agencies
Alfred C. Randall had been in the bicycle business since 1893; in 1902 he switched to an automobile garage and salesroom.
Fort Wayne
- 1902–1921Jitneys, gasoline, and the law of the street
By 2 September 1902 the Journal Gazette was reporting horses' antipathy to the new machines as a standing problem of city traffic, and the livery trade that the automobile was displacing housed, in the Winklemeyer barn of the 1899 account, the first automobile the contemporary press saw in the city.
Fort Wayne
- 1902–1926The founding whole: a program by 1902, a name by the early 1920s, a ground by 1926
The 2015 season preview history carried by usa-365, the area's football record-keeper, states that Mishawaka football goes back "to at least 1902, when they played schools like the South Bend Business College," and that the Mishawaka–Elkhart series began in 1902 and is called in the preview record the oldest prep…
Mishawaka
- 1902–1940The Notre Dame streetcar
The Notre Dame line existed because the university finally allowed it: in 1902 Father John Zahm, provincial superior of the Congregation of Holy Cross — "a man of the most progressive ideas," the South Bend Times called him…
South Bend
- 1902–1944The Merchants' National Bank — Charter No. 6334
The fourth charter: The Merchants' National Bank of South Bend was organized on 21 June 1902, OCC Charter No. 6334 — the last national charter granted in the city.
South Bend
- 1902–1949Major Bros — the packing house the manufacturers' story never claimed
The course: Johnson's directory of 1902–03 lists Major Bros, meats, at 101 E. Joseph — the retail face of the house.
Mishawaka
- 1902–1956The laundries — from the Home Laundry to the Laundryette
The course: Johnson's 1902–03 directory lists two: the Home Laundry, at 503 N. Bridge, and Zigler J. W., laundry, at 118 N. Main.
Mishawaka
- 1902–1983Peoples Trust and Savings Company
Founded: The People's Trust and Savings Company was founded in 1902.
Fort Wayne
- 1902–1983The Jersey Line: the New Jersey, Indiana & Illinois
The last steam road built into South Bend was a factory's own: The New Jersey, Indiana & Illinois was incorporated in 1902 as the Singer Manufacturing Company's railroad…
South Bend
- 1902–2010The First Boards, 1902–2010: An Open Question
Lakeville incorporated in 1902, and for the town's first hundred and eight years of boards, the open record reached by this build names not one president, not one clerk, not one member.
Lakeville
- 1902–2012The Notre Dame & Western: a College Coal Spur That Crossed the Highway
The Notre Dame & Western ran from 1902 into the 1990s: a spur off the New York Central's Niles Branch — the Michigan Central line of the article above in its later ownership — that curved east, crossing U.S. 31 and paralleling Douglas Road.
Roseland
- 1902–2025The Born-Here Register: Fourteen Names
Harry Arndt, infielder, 1902–07, born February 12, 1879, opens the list in the dead-ball era. George Beck, pitcher, 1914, born February 21, 1890, is its briefest line.
South Bend
- 1902–2026The game they played: five ways of deciding a champion, and the Cavemen in each
The game the Cavemen play now is the all-in tournament, the NLC's round robin, and a rivalry game under contract — three formats their 1902 predecessors, playing a business college by arrangement, would not recognize, in a sport that still ends its autumn on the same 1926 ground.
Mishawaka
- 1902–2026Season-era buckets: the whole life, no decade compressed
Charter years, 1902–1919: The record gives fixtures, not seasons: the Elkhart series from 1902, a business college among the opponents, the Maroons as the name.
Mishawaka
- 1902–2026The managers complete: every head coach in order, with the breaks named
The line: (1) Named gap, 1902–1922 — the program's first two decades have no head coach in the record reached; the school record books are the settling source.
Mishawaka
- 1902–2026The twentieth-century course, at frame strength
The town incorporated on 7 July 1902 (the government section digs the act).
Lakeville
- 1902–today229 South Michigan — the corner of one morning in 1934
Indiana Landmarks' magazine records that the 1902 bank block — Freyermuth and Maurer's design, a masonry front unifying three commercial buildings, the bank building the Merchants National itself had erected…
South Bend
- 1903The Rescue Mission
Founding: The Fort Wayne Rescue Mission was founded and organized in 1903 by two Mennonites, Witmer and Stuckey, of the Berne Mennonite Church — the Anabaptist encyclopedia records that the Berne congregation largely supported the mission in its early years.
Fort Wayne
- 1903The Landing's anchor: Columbia Street West
A bar since 1903: The Landing, the old canal-era Columbia Street blocks where the county's first taverns were licensed in 1824, kept a drinking room at its west end for most of the modern era: the building at 135 West Columbia Street, at Harrison, had been used as a bar since 1903, interrupted only by the Prohibition…
Fort Wayne
- 1903The Tincher: the costliest car in the room, and the Studebaker brothers' first automobile venture
Its air-braking system was the technical wonder of the 1903 Chicago Automobile Show, where the marque debuted.
South Bend
- 1903The YWCA
Founding and course: The YWCA North Central Indiana dates itself, in the boilerplate it repeats across its current releases, to 1903 — "since 1903" is the organization's own line, and it is the founding date this account carries.
South Bend
- 1903St. Joseph's long course on the hill: 1903–1989
A century of building in place: The hospital the three sisters opened grew on its hill for a hundred and twenty-seven years, and the system's own published timeline is the Story of South Bend section of the growth: one hundred beds added in 1903; a training school for nurses established in 1907, its first class nine students…
South Bend
- 1903The South Bend Brewing Association: the keepers' own brewery, and the longest-lived of the three
The History Museum's account, which governs this entry, dates and describes it: "In June 1903, a group of South Bend saloonkeepers of German, Polish and Hungarian descent organized the South Bend Brewing Association to manufacture and sell beer for their own saloons."
South Bend
- 1903Twin Branch — the dam, the Power City, and the neighborhood
The modern dam was built by Sanderson & Porter of New York for the St. Joseph and Elkhart Power Company — the company commissioned the dam on 26 February 1900, in the profile's account — and power was first produced on 16 December 1903.
Mishawaka
- 1903The dam whose first electricity lit another city
The reversal: When bulk power came to the valley it came from a dam on Mishawaka's own river, at Twin Branch, east of the city — and its first electricity, on 16 December 1903, lit not Mishawaka but Elkhart.
Mishawaka
- 1903First public ground — the river, the creek, and the bay before any park
What the settlement used instead was what the Land leg's ground offered: the St. Joseph River's banks, Baugo Creek's course, and, after the dam project the road guides date to 1903 raised Baugo Bay across the old roadbed — the date undated and unproven on the record reached…
Osceola
- 1903–1902Clement Studebaker Jr. and George M. Studebaker — the watch company
The second generation buys a works: In 1903, on the standard account — the NAWCC company history compiled by Warren H. Riddle dates the purchase to 1902, and both stand — Clement Studebaker Jr. and George Studebaker bought the assets of the bankrupt Columbus Watch Company of Columbus, Ohio, and organized the South Bend Watch Company.
South Bend
- 1903–1907The Indiana Foundry Company
Howard gives the Indiana Foundry Company its own section: it was organized on 17 April 1903 with a capital of $10,000, and its incorporators were William N. Bergan, Alonzo A. Forsyth, Joseph Bergan, Frederick L. Dennis, Edward Bergan, Hiram W. VanNest, and Chauncey N. Fassett — three Bergans among the seven.
South Bend
- 1903–1909Charter members of the Central League, 1903–1909
The return: League baseball came back in 1903 with the Central League, and South Bend's Green Stockings were a charter member.
South Bend
- 1903–1909Electric light — a plant of the city's own, then power from upriver
Construction ran from July 1901 to late October 1903; the dam stood 400 feet long on a 21-foot fall, with a powerhouse 176 feet by 112 and four turbines.
Mishawaka
- 1903–1916Specialty ground — the onion trade whole, the cucumber economy, and the mint test
Beside the onions stands the cucumber economy, the Farms side of the Businesses file's pickle article: Atwood Brothers' pickle and relish works, established 1903, and the H. J. Heinz Company's salting station (1916) both drew on the same drained ground's cucumber crop, the salting station being the crop's first processing…
Walkerton
- 1903–1929South Bend Watch Company — a million watches in twenty-six years
The Studebaker sons buy a watch works: In 1903, on the standard account — the NAWCC company history compiled by Warren H. Riddle dates the purchase to 1902 — Clement Studebaker Jr. and George Studebaker bought the assets of the bankrupt Columbus Watch Company of Columbus, Ohio, and organized the South Bend Watch Company.
South Bend
- 1903–1929The South Bend Watch "freezing process": a claim tested
The claim: The watch company the Businesses section carries — the South Bend Watch Company, some 1.2 million movements, 1903 to the 1929 crash…
South Bend
- 1903–1937The works at full size
The employment ladder, every rung dated: The plant's growth is best read in its dated employment pegs, each printed with its carrier: twenty-five persons at the incorporated company's start (company history); 140 to 150 about 1893, with $200,000 of annual business (Goodspeed's Memoirs )…
Mishawaka
- 1903–1969Clubs and ballot institutions: the county's women's organizations at boundary, the Osceola seat tested
The working women's institution that hosted it has the longest line of all: the YWCA of North Central Indiana publishes its own service as running since 1903 in South Bend, serving women across St. Joseph and Elkhart counties…
Osceola
- 1903–2011The YWCA: the county association, and what of it was Mishawaka's
The association's course: The YWCA St. Joseph County Association was formed in South Bend in 1903, on the association's own history.
Mishawaka
- 1903–2020The monuments and the riverfront works
The courthouse ground: The city's oldest monumental work is the Soldiers and Sailors Monument at the St. Joseph County Courthouse: designed by the sculptor Rudolf Schwarz and erected in 1903, a bronze monument about sixty-five feet overall, raised to the county's Civil War dead.
South Bend
- 1903–2026The club movement and the ballot's institutions: the League, the YWCA, and the clubs this ground actually kept
The YWCA as a working women's institution: The YWCA North Central Indiana has served from South Bend since 1903 — housed in this period at 1102 South Fellows Street…
Granger
- 1903–2026Baugo Bay — the town's water, and the fight to keep it
The bay's making in 1903 is The Land's article; its unmaking by sediment, and the town's answer, are this section's closing chapter of the park's history to date.
Osceola
- 1903–2026Dealerships — the older record, tested
The horse-trade ground is whole: the Brummitt Mercantile Company's "vehicles" line of 1903, Charles C. Carney's harness shop and S. I. Lauver's livery in the 1916 roll, Ordung & Cunningham's wagonmaking beside them.
New Carlisle
- 1903–2026The Buildings' Courses: Stone, Fire Risk and Second Lives
Its dedication date stands in the record at both 1903 (the college chronology and the catalogue's building line) and 1906 (the college reference record); both print, in the base and here.
Notre Dame
- 1903–todayThe League of Women Voters and the YWCA: the ballot's institutions
The YWCA North Central Indiana dates itself, in the line it repeats across its published materials, to 1903 — "since 1903" is the organization's own founding statement, and the Charities section carries it with the honest caveat that the founding's circumstances — the organizers, the first rooms, the charter…
South Bend
- 1903–todayThe memorials and the namings
The Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1903): the city's oldest war memorial stands at 206 West Washington, on the courthouse ground downtown.
South Bend
- 1903–todayThe Beiger House: the mansion that burned to its walls
Construction began in 1903 and was completed in 1909 on the nomination's dating; the mansion's own published history dates the completion to 1908 and Susie Beiger's residence from 1909 — both statements stand in the record, and both are printed here.
Mishawaka
- 1903–todayThe YWCA test: a county institution since 1903, no Lakeville branch
The YWCA of North Central Indiana has served since 1903 , headquartered at 1102 South Fellows Street, South Bend , with service sites across St. Joseph and Elkhart Counties: two emergency domestic-violence shelters, sexual-assault services, chemical-dependency services, and economic-empowerment programmes…
Lakeville
- 1903–todayChurches as buildings, and the plant as built fabric
For the churches: the North Liberty Church of the Brethren's house was purchased from another denomination in 1903 and remodeled in 1923, and was operated jointly with the Oak Grove house until the congregations separated in 1917 (Shultz, History of the Church of the Brethren in Indiana, 1952).
North Liberty
- 1904The Carnegie building
Dedication: The building was dedicated on 7 January 1904: Charles S. Bash presented it, Mayor Henry C. Berghoff accepted it for the city, and the speakers included Judge Robert S. Taylor and Merica Hoagland; Carnegie's letter was read in his absence.
Fort Wayne
- 1904The Majestic Theatre: the Berry Street playhouse
The city's turn-of-the-century playhouse: The Majestic Theatre at 216 East Berry Street opened on October 24, 1904, to an excited public, in the years when live theatre was still the nation's main dramatic entertainment.
Fort Wayne
- 1904Washington Blake, the Cute Studio, and a name the record does not finish
The directories give that name to a different man's business at the same address: J. V. Shea opened the Cute Studio at 1008 Calhoun in October 1904, selling small photographs, buttons, and stamps, and advertising in June 1905 that it would make twenty-eight images in four poses for twenty-five cents — "Every picture a good one.
Fort Wayne
- 1904The 4-H engine: the fair's permanent exhibitor
The roots: A county fair's exhibitors do not assemble themselves; in Indiana they are raised, club by club, by 4-H. Indiana 4-H was established in 1904 in Hamilton County by John F. Haines, a school superintendent, from the boys' and girls' club work of those years, and in 1914 4-H became part of the Cooperative…
Fort Wayne
- 1904The Order of the Owls: founded in South Bend
On November 20, 1904, in the law offices of Talbot and Talbot, a group of South Bend men — John W. Talbot (the name is also spelled Talbott in some accounts), Joseph E. Talbot, George D. Beroth, J. Lott Losey, John J. Johnson, John D. Burke, William Weaver, and Frank Dunbar — adopted a constitution and founded the Order of the Owls.
South Bend
- 1904The Order of Owls: a national secret order founded in South Bend
The one order this city invented: On 20 November 1904, in the law offices of Talbot and Talbot in South Bend, a group of businessmen who had been meeting for mutual assistance adopted a constitution and founded the Order of Owls.
South Bend
- 1904St. Vincent de Paul: the parish conferences
Home visits from the mother parish: The Society of St. Vincent de Paul has served St. Joseph County since 1904 — the county society's own figure, given at its 2023 gathering, whose early records include delivering coal as well as food and helping widows and job-seekers recently released from prison.
Mishawaka
- 1904The city hall course
Three centuries of government, two buildings: The infant city's first city hall rose at First and Church Streets and opened in October 1904.
Mishawaka
- 1904The paid department of 1904, and Amos Williard
The young city of 1899 needed all three and could not bond for them; Mayor Mix, Martin Beiger and other civic leaders formed the Mishawaka Public Utilities Company to carry the city's debt, and the 1904 settlement that followed, in De Kever's words, "enabled the city to acquire regular police and fire departments."
Mishawaka
- 1904The modern masters with a local chapter, at exact strength: two born here, none formed here
Frederick William Boulton (1904–1969) — the earlier modern: A generation before Cameron, the city produced a painter of the Chicago modern era on the same single thread.
Mishawaka
- 1904The interurban: proposed once, never built
One proposal touched the town, in print, in the summer of 1904: a syndicate under general manager W. H. McCullough proposed a gasoline-motor interurban from South Bend to Plymouth "by way of North Liberty, Walkerton, Tyner, and Plymouth," with materials to be bought in South Bend…
North Liberty
- 1904–1907Founded here: the Order of the Owls, and a second home office — both the county's, neither this ground's
An order founded in South Bend, at an address: on 20 November 1904, in the law offices of Talbot and Talbot in South Bend, John W. Talbot founded the Order of Owls with Joseph E. Talbot, George D. Beroth, J. Lott Losey, John J. Johnson, John D. Burke, William Weaver and Frank Dunbar.
Granger
- 1904–1907The orders founded here, tested: both foundings are South Bend's; none is this ground's
Two orders were founded in this county — in South Bend, not here: the Order of the Owls, a fraternal benefit order founded at the law offices of Talbot and Talbot on 20 November 1904 by John W. Talbot and his associates…
Osceola
- 1904–1911The Garford arrangement: Studebaker bodies on Ohio chassis
The arrangement, exactly: Studebaker's gasoline automobile business began in 1904 in partnership with the Garford Company of Elyria, Ohio, and the division of work was the reverse of what the badge suggested.
South Bend
- 1904–1919War and consolidation: the missing 1904, and 1914 and 1919
The federal government counted manufactures again in 1904, a census of manufactures only, and the comparative table the Bureau later built — Table 193 of the Abstract of the Census of Manufactures 1919, which carries each sizable city back through 1919, 1914, 1909 and 1904…
Mishawaka
- 1904–1930The Cutter works — the streetlight factory
In 1904 he paid $5,000 for two and a half acres at the corner of Notre Dame Avenue and Northside Boulevard in South Bend and built his factory; legally he started fresh — a new George Cutter Company, incorporated in Indiana on 5 April 1905 with his partner Albert Schneible and a capital investment of $10,000.
South Bend
- 1904–1932The boundary: Notre Dame's inventions, and Julius Nieuwland named once
His earlier work cuts the other way: his 1904 doctoral research on acetylene and arsenic trichloride produced the reaction from which W. Lee Lewis developed the war gas lewisite — Nieuwland, a Holy Cross priest, never pursued the application and is reported to have been sickened by what his reaction became.
Notre Dame
- 1904–1957Majestic Theatre
Founded: The Majestic Theatre, at 216 East Berry Street, opened on 24 October 1904. It seated 800 and was the first theatre in Fort Wayne equipped with full electric lighting.
Fort Wayne
- 1904–1986Robertson's — the big store at 211 South Michigan
Brothers from New York: Robertson Brothers Company opened its first South Bend store in 1904, under its president George A. Robertson — the 1921 Polk directory lists the company at 127–133 South Michigan Street, dealing in dry goods, carpets, cloaks, millinery, gloves, and laces.
South Bend
- 1904–1996Black women's organizing: the Ruffin name, Hering House, and the clubs
The St. Pierre Ruffin Club, 1904: the earliest documented organization of Black women in South Bend enters the record at a founding.
South Bend
- 1904–2009Fort Wayne Bible College — Taylor University Fort Wayne
The Missionary Church Association re-founded the school in Fort Wayne in 1904, buying a four-acre grove on South Wayne Avenue for 1,800 dollars; Schultz Hall was its first building.
Fort Wayne
- 1904–2022City Hall: the house the utility built, the schoolhouse, the insurance building
The problem and the device, 1902–1904: The new city of 1899 needed a city hall and regular police and fire departments and could not pay for them: a state law prohibited the bonding of city property for such improvements.
Mishawaka
- 1904–2024The stations: every house's course
Central, 1904: The paid department began in the combined city hall, police and fire building at First and Church Streets, opened October 1904 — the Central Fire Station, sixteen men and two horse-drawn engines under Chief Williard.
Mishawaka
- 1904–2026The fire chiefs: the succession
The documented chain: Amos Williard, chief of the volunteers and first chief of the paid department, 1904 to his resignation in 1905, reinstated 1 April 1907, his second tenure's end unrecorded.
Mishawaka
- 1904–2026Catholic Charities and the parish-relief line: a diocesan century, a Vincentian century — and one parish on this ground
St. Vincent de Paul: the county society and the parish-conference question: The Society of St. Vincent de Paul of St. Joseph County was founded in 1904 by thirty members of St. Patrick's Parish, South Bend — the county's Vincentian century running parallel to the diocese's…
Granger
- 1904–todayThe fire department: a founding anchor
The regular department: Like the police, the fire department became a regular, paid city service through the 1904 Public Utilities Company settlement…
Mishawaka
- 1904–todayThe municipal utility: the city as its own power and water company
The course of the 1904 lease itself — when it ended, and when the plants passed from the company's ownership to the city's outright — is not in the sources read for this section, and it is named in the gaps entry.
Mishawaka
- 1904–todayThe fire chiefs as people: Pressler's decade and the twenty-one
The line at the strength the sister file gives it: The Fire & Safety section owns the fire chiefs' institutional succession, and it stands documented there at these points: Amos Williard, chief of the volunteers and first chief of the paid department of 1904, resigned 1905, reinstated 1 April 1907…
Mishawaka
- 1904–todayThe civic buildings: city halls, post offices, and the schools at anchor
The first was the combined city hall, police and fire building of 1904 at First and Church Streets — the complex whose frontages the fire and safety record prints as First and Church, 112 North Church and 204 East First, and whose fire floor was Central Station…
Mishawaka
- 1905Lincoln National Life Insurance Company
Founded: The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company was founded in Fort Wayne on 12 June 1905 (articles of incorporation drawn 29 May 1905), organised out of the wreckage of a local 1902 fraternal-insurance scheme, the Fraternal Assurance Society of America.
Fort Wayne
- 1905Perry Randall and Arthur F. Hall — the men who founded Lincoln Life
Lincoln National Life was organised out of a wreck: the Fraternal Assurance Society of America had failed in 1902, and on 12 June 1905 — the articles of incorporation were drawn on 29 May — four Fort Wayne men founded the new company in its place.
Fort Wayne
- 1905Keller Park and the Whitcomb & Keller city
Keller's own 1905 house stands at 609 Portage Avenue in Chapin Park, one developer's plat inside another's — the builders of the neighborhoods lived in them.
South Bend
- 1905Temple Beth-El: South Bend's Reform Congregation
Founding: Temple Beth-El began with a meeting called for 9 January 1905 by Simon Greenebaum, Sam Adler, and Samuel Spiro "to complete the organization for a new Jewish Congregation," in the congregation's own words.
South Bend
- 1905Joe's Tavern: the west side's 120-year room
A grocery and a bar: The brick building at 1201 Dunham Street, at Arnold Street in the old Polish west side, carries its construction date in its cornice: 1905.
South Bend
- 1905Merrifield Park
The east side's great park stands on the city's great annexation: The ground at 1000 East Mishawaka Avenue came into Mishawaka with the annexation of January 1905 — the "Great Annexation" of 1,353 acres, its boundaries confirmed by the Indiana Supreme Court by 1908…
Mishawaka
- 1905The land: the annexation course
The first and greatest came in January 1905 — the "Great Annexation," in historian Susanna Ernst's term — which took in 1,353 acres west of Logan Street and south of the tracks, the ground later called Hooligan Heights, carrying with it the future Merrifield Park, Mishawaka High School, Fairview Cemetery and the West End…
Mishawaka
- 1905The boundary that moved: annexation flags at the jumping censuses
1910 — the Great Annexation inside a +113.8 percent jump: In January 1905 the city took in 1,353 acres west of Logan Street and south of the tracks — the West End and Belgian Town, the ground of the future Merrifield Park, Mishawaka High School and Fairview Cemetery — and the boundary stood confirmed by the Indiana Supreme Court by 1908.
Mishawaka
- 1905The Great Annexation and the Supreme Court fight, 1905–1908
The act: In January 1905, in the government record's phrase, the new city's first great act of government was to enlarge itself: 1,353 acres west of Logan Street and south of the railroad tracks…
Mishawaka
- 1905Livery stables: one attested, and a directory absence that is not proof
No livery stable is listed under that trade in Polk's 1880–81, 1882–83, or 1884–85 editions, or in the 1875 atlas directory's business columns — all read whole…
North Liberty
- 1905–1904The West End as annexed ground: the Great Annexation of 1905
The enclave's ground entered the city in the largest single taking of Mishawaka's map: in January 1905 the city incorporated 1,353 acres of new territory — land west of Logan Street and south of the railroad tracks — in what the historian Susanna Ernst names the "Great Annexation."
Mishawaka
- 1905–1906The Ground: Potawatomi Park
The Parks Department's own chronological history dates Potawatomi Park's establishment to 1905.
South Bend
- 1905–1906Potawatomi Park: The Fairgrounds Gift
The Parks Department's chronological history dates Potawatomi Park's establishment to 1905, and Beyer's report for 1906 counts the ground among that year's acquisitions: "The most important park property which was added to our park system is the old County Fair grounds, presented to the city of South Bend by the…
South Bend
- 1905–1918Departments and firsts, 1905–1918
The Indiana Collection — the seed of the library's later local-history and genealogy strength — was collecting from 1905, and survived until the early 1980s, when its materials were absorbed into other collections.
Fort Wayne
- 1905–1922The Turn to a University — Cavanaugh and Burns
John W. Cavanaugh, president from 1905 to 1919, modernized the educational standards and raised the institution toward the national pattern, in the institutional history's judgment the champion of the movement toward a research university.
Notre Dame
- 1905–1929Before Any Counter: Mail, Notaries, and the State's First Records
Indiana required vehicle registration from March 1905 — a one-dollar fee, a two-inch brass or aluminium dashboard seal, and a rear placard the owner made himself; in 1913 the state issued its first license plate.
Roseland
- 1905–1934Homer Van Meter · Fort Wayne's link to the Dillinger gang
He was born in Fort Wayne on December 3, 1905 — some records, including the Allen County Genealogical Society's cemetery survey, give 1906 — to Cary B. Van Meter, a railroad conductor, and Julia Miller Van Meter.
Fort Wayne
- 1905–1937Bantam before Torrington — the bearings works' front end
The Bantam Ball Bearing Company was organized in March 1905 at Bantam, Connecticut, and in July 1928 it moved its entire operation to South Bend — the date the standard company history and the Tribune 's own editorial of 25 September 1935 both give.
South Bend
- 1905–1982Kenneth Rexroth — the poet
The tie, exactly: Rexroth was born in South Bend on December 22, 1905 — and that, with an early childhood, is the whole of it.
South Bend
- 1905–2019The public official as memoirist, and a national name's newspaper years
Ring Lardner (born March 6, 1885, in Niles, Michigan) began as a newspaperman at the South Bend Times in the fall of 1905 — hired, by the Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame's account, when the editor came looking for his brother Rex and took Ring instead…
Granger
- 1905–2019The public official as memoirist; a national name's newspaper years
The newspaper years belong to Ring Lardner, who worked at the South Bend Times from 1905 to 1907 — society reporter and sports editor in the staff records' telling — and discovered baseball writing there before the national career.
Osceola
- 1905–todayThe other historic congregations · Pilgrim, Mount Olive and Union, True Love
The Baptist line: Fort Wayne's second historic Black congregation organized as Mount Olive Baptist Church in 1905 .
Fort Wayne
- 1905–todayAnnexation as government: the boundary acts
The Great Annexation, 1905: The new city's first great act of government was to enlarge itself.
Mishawaka
- 1905–todayHooligan Heights: the far-west peninsula, its plats, its renewal, and its name
The ground entered the city in the Great Annexation (the 1904/1905 variance stands in the annexation entry above), and it was platted in pieces.
Mishawaka
- 1905–todayThe poetry line as a succession — across the line, and the one judge-poet
On this ground itself, the poetry line is thinner and older, and it is not empty: its first name is the judge-historian of the article above, Timothy Edward Howard, whose Musings and Memories (1905) is a published volume of verse by the man who wrote the county's history.
Granger
- 1906South Bend Lathe — one room, then the world's lathe
The O'Brien twins: John J. and Miles W. O'Brien, identical twins born in Cork, Ireland in 1868, founded the company in 1906 as the South Bend Machine Tool Company: one room, thirty by sixty feet, in the Dinan Building at Washington and Johnson streets, at $65 a month.
South Bend
- 1906The fountain that was given twice
The Studebaker Electric Fountain, twenty-eight feet high, was unveiled in Howard Park on 21 July 1906. In 1941 it was dismantled and thought melted for scrap; its top third was rescued by Mary and John Seiler and kept.
South Bend
- 1906The American Simplex and the Amplex: Mishawaka's brass-era car
The register tradition carried in the encyclopedia record dates the manufacture 1906 to 1915. The History Museum dates the plant itself 1907 to 1910.
Mishawaka
- 1906Peppermint oil: half of Indiana's crop bound for England and Germany
The documented export, in pounds: The Farms & Crops section owns the crop — the drained La Salle swamp, the Woodward brothers' 320 acres, the stills — and carries the Indianapolis News report of 13 October 1906 at length.
Mishawaka
- 1906–1907The Round Table
"The club was organized during the winter of 1906-7, chiefly through the efforts of Wilbert Ward. The first meeting was held in March, 1907."
South Bend
- 1906–1908The Ludwig Killing, 1906 — the Case the Supreme Court Preserved
On September 25, 1906, Cecilia Ludwig was killed in Mishawaka — the surname and given name as the Indiana Supreme Court's opinion spells them; the press of the day also printed "Cecelia."
Mishawaka
- 1906–1910Joseph K. Sosnowski: the Mishawaka years, 1906–1910
A South Bend man's Mishawaka tenancy: Joseph K. Sosnowski worked both cities, and the county harvest gives his course: South Bend in 1899 (Mason & Sosnowski, 307 South Michigan), 1901 (proprietor of the Star Photo Company, 232 South Michigan) and 1905 (129 South St. Joseph); then Mishawaka…
Mishawaka
- 1906–1916The founding: the 1906 levy and the second floor of City Hall
"A 1906 tax levy by the Mishawaka Board of Education provided the necessary start-up funds to establish a public library by September of 1907," the nomination records — the same institutional pattern as South Bend's school-board founding across the river, carried whole in that city's libraries record.
Mishawaka
- 1906–1956South Bend Lathe: the licensed gearbox and the patented drive
The patent literature searched for this section gives that feature to another man in another state: the gearbox was built under license from the Flather patent, No. 810,634 of 23 January 1906, held by the Flather company of Nashua, New Hampshire, and the Flather number was carried on the data plates of South Bend's…
South Bend
- 1906–1971Philo T. Farnsworth: the Fort Wayne chapter
The geography, once: Philo Taylor Farnsworth (19 August 1906 – 11 March 1971) invented electronic television in California — the first successful electronic transmission on 7 September 1927 in San Francisco, U.S. Patent No. 1,773,980…
Fort Wayne
- 1906–1981Rudisill School
Founded: 1906, when an existing Washington Township school at Spy Run Avenue and Ruth Street was converted to city use; a new twelve-room building followed — begun in 1912, opened in 1914 — named for Henry Rudisill, one of the founders of St. Paul's Lutheran congregation.
Fort Wayne
- 1906–1994The Old Courthouse museum — eighty-eight years in a courtroom building
In 1906 the county did just that. The society took the old courthouse, a building already half a century old and already once picked up and moved, and made its museum there.
South Bend
- 1906–2021The System Today: The Department's Own Count
In 1906 the city acquired approximately seventy-eight acres of park property in a single year, by Beyer's own accounting — a year's growth, not a total, the earliest acreage figure in the record.
South Bend
- 1906–2026The paper as archive — and the archive that is not there
The Gazette's largest surviving trace is the history it fed: Hugh V. Compton wrote his recollections of Terre Coupee prairie — the settlement country south and west of the town — for the New Carlisle Gazette of 16 November 1906, and Howard's county history lifted them whole into the county's standard record a year later, footnote and all.
New Carlisle
- 1907Eugenics: the first law in the nation, and Fort Wayne at its center
On 9 March 1907 Governor J. Frank Hanly signed "An Act to prevent procreation of confirmed criminals, idiots, imbeciles, and rapists" — the era's words, quoted as written — making Indiana the first state in the nation, and the first government in the world, to enact a eugenic sterilization law.
Fort Wayne
- 1907Horses to tractors: the mechanization of the county
One lifetime holds the whole change: Howard's 1907 biographies preserve the change in a single family's memory: an Olive Township farmer who "used the old cradle to cut the grain," had seen his father cut grain with a sickle, and remembered the first binder brought into Olive Township.
South Bend
- 1907The suburban conversion: farmland against the suburbs
The conversion's face is visible as early as Howard's 1907 biographies, where the Portage Township farmer Joseph Eckman platted the part of his farm that "formerly adjoined the city of South Bend on the south" into "desirable residence lots on the west side of Michigan street"…
South Bend
- 1907The fraternal city of 1907: Howard's census
The count: Timothy E. Howard's History of St. Joseph County (1907) closes its account of the city's societies with a census of the club world as it stood that year, and it is the fullest single picture of the membership city ever printed.
South Bend
- 1907Knights and Ladies of Columbia: a second home office
Supreme officers at South Bend: Howard's census records a second fraternal order whose government sat in this city in 1907, smaller than the Owls and without their chronicler: the Knights and Ladies of Columbia, whose supreme officers Howard lists as residents at work here…
South Bend
- 1907The named social clubs of 1907
Whether the Country Club of the St. Joseph Valley of 1907 is an ancestor of the South Bend Country Club founded in 1916 is a natural guess the record reached does not make; the two names stand separately until a document joins them.
South Bend
- 1907The club census of 1907: Howard's roster
The count: Timothy E. Howard's History of St. Joseph County, Indiana (1907) gives Mishawaka a chapter of its own, and its section on "Societies and Clubs" is the fullest single picture of the membership city ever printed.
Mishawaka
- 1907The Masonic Club of Mishawaka
A club beside the lodge: Among the bodies in Howard's 1907 roster stands one that is a club in the plain sense — the Masonic Club of Mishawaka, with H. A. Edris as its president and Guy Richards as its secretary.
Mishawaka
- 1907The census of 1907, read as orders: Howard's roster with its officers
The table of organization: Timothy E. Howard opens the societies chapter of his 1907 county history by saying that Mishawaka's "friendly spirit" had "manifested itself also in the formation of social, benevolent and patriotic associations," and then prints the roster "of about all the other societies and clubs of the…
Mishawaka
- 1907The bodies around the lodge: a chapter with two numbers, a commandery across the river, the Star
Howard's roster of 1907 prints it as Mishawaka Chapter No. 83, with Tabor Ham as High Priest and John W. Hutchinson — the lodge's recorder — as secretary.
Mishawaka
- 1907The Knights of Pythias: Mishawaka Lodge No. 453, its Uniform Rank, and Sunlight Temple
The lodge: The Knights of Pythias — the order Justus Rathbone founded in Washington in 1864 on the friendship of Damon and Pythias — kept Mishawaka Lodge No. 453, with William Garman as Chancellor Commander and Frank P. Christoph as Keeper of Records and Seals in Howard's roster of 1907.
Mishawaka
- 1907The Red Men: Mishawaka Tribe No. 304 and its wigwam
The tribe: The Improved Order of Red Men kept Mishawaka Tribe No. 304, with John C. Quick as sachem and George Hitesman — the roster's double penman — as secretary in 1907.
Mishawaka
- 1907Tents, hives and camps: the assessment-insurance orders
Mishawaka's shelf of the industry, from the 1907 roster: the Maccabees, twice over — the order split in the era, and Mishawaka kept both halves.
Mishawaka
- 1907The Catholic orders: the Knights of America, the Foresters, the Legion, the Columbia
The order itself is documented whole: founded at Nashville on 23 April 1877 — first as the Order of United Catholics, renamed Catholic Knights of America on Bishop Feehan's recommendation — as "a fraternal life-insurance company," its founding aim a death benefit not to exceed $1,000…
Mishawaka
- 1907The census of 1907: Howard counts the county's clubs — and seats none of them here
The dated census, from the named source: Timothy Edward Howard's A History of St. Joseph County, Indiana (1907) closes its first volume's account of the county's institutions with a societies chapter that is, in effect, a club census taken in a single year — and because it is a census it can be counted from.
Granger
- 1907The Red Men: the tribe by number, the borrowed names stated plainly, the wigwam unnamed
Mishawaka Tribe No. 304, Improved Order of Red Men, stands in Howard's 1907 Mishawaka list with its officers named: John C. Quick, sachem; George Hitesman, secretary.
Granger
- 1907The Howard generation: the second wave of sketches, 1907
At the boundary of this wave: Amos Williard (pp. 800–801), born in this township 1 April 1862, whose father Emanuel spent three years in Civil War service and still resided in Penn Township in 1907 — Amos's own career (well-drilling, the Dodge works, first chief of Mishawaka's paid fire department) is Mishawaka's…
Osceola
- 1907The dated lodge census read as orders: Howard's 1907 roster, parsed
Timothy Edward Howard's A History of St. Joseph County, Indiana (1907), vol. 1, carries the county seat's fraternal roster at 1907, and it is parsed here order by order, as the row directs.
Osceola
- 1907The assessment-insurance alphabet: tents, hives, and camps as a benefit machine
Howard's 1907 South Bend roster seats the machine in triplicate: South Bend Tent No. 1, Knights of the Maccabees ; Pixley Division No. 2, Uniform Rank, Knights of the Maccabees ; and the rival Modern Maccabees' St. Joe Valley Tent No. 1108 — two Maccabee orders in one city, each with its tent numbered.
Osceola
- 1907Samuel J. Nicoles: the leading citizen who briefed the historian
The man: Howard's Walkerton section is built on one informant, and Howard names him with unusual warmth: "Mr. Samuel J. Nicoles, long a leading citizen of the town, as he is indeed a Christian gentleman, whose citizenship would be an honor to any community, gives the following comprehensive statement of present conditions"…
Walkerton
- 1907The lakes' names, as beliefs
The belief that Riddle's Lake is named for somebody is the natural reading of its oldest printed form: Howard's lakes chapter, quoting the state geologist's survey tradition, lists "Pleasant lake and Riddle's lake, in Union township, south of Lakeville" — possessive, 1907.
Lakeville
- 1907The town's name: Howard's sentence, and the Minnesota telling
That is the whole of the record's naming account — a derivation with no namer, no naming act and no date, from the county history of 1907.
Lakeville
- 1907William Newcomer
Sold the Ohio farm and came to Liberty Township, purchasing the 80-acre tract his son Charles now lives on, plus another 80 acres c. 1¼ miles east; in summer 1907 erected a cottage home there (Part 75).
North Liberty
- 1907Leonard Amm
27 May 1907 aged 84-4-17 at his son George’s home in Dearborn County) and Margaret (Kundinger) Amm (b. c. 1823 in the same place; d.
North Liberty
- 1907Israel Irvin
5 June 1907 , aged 75-1-24, interred in the Liberty cemetery, after fifty-five-plus years of marriage); six children named — incl.
North Liberty
- 1907Rev. Isaac Early
D. 14 Aug. 1907, aged 69-5-7 — as printed in the entry (a death date inside a 1907 volume; printed as reached) (Part 68). [PROFILE] Carrying fact: minister, 200-acre purchaser, and county commissioner in one Liberty life — the office is cross-pointed to the government leg, the ministry to the Religion section…
North Liberty
- 1907Memberships are not lodges: the 1907 evidence, kept separate
Howard's 1907 county history shows North Liberty men inside the century's orders — without seating those orders here.
North Liberty
- 1907The ground — glacial course and soils
Howard's township description, carried at frame strength, gives Clay Township's soil as "chiefly sand and gravel" — the verbatim first-hand extraction of that sentence from the 1907 text stands as a named settler in the note rather than a quotation manufactured here.
Indian Village
- 1907The leg's verdict, stated first
No congregation has ever been proven to stand inside the Town of Roseland — not in 1907, when the county history read the township whole; not in the present-day directory sweeps; and not in any era between that the record reached.
Roseland
- 1907Howard, read whole: the township's one church, and a correction
The correct state of the 1907 record is therefore one township church — the German Baptist church, standing since 1868 — plus the institutions at Notre Dame and Saint Mary's.
Roseland
- 1907–1914Smallpox: a federal line, and a Mishawaka gap
The county's smallpox stands in a federal return: the United States Public Health Reports' table of cases reported to 6 December 1907 prints, under Indiana, "St. Joseph County — South Bend… June 16–July 20… 6" — six cases in the county's city across five weeks of the summer of 1907, the deaths column recording none.
Mishawaka
- 1907–1914The downtown social and athletic clubs, tested: a class this town never had the downtown for
The class is real, and it is South Bend's: Howard's 1907 biographical volumes name the Commercial Athletic Club again and again as the businessman's club of the county seat — Birdsell, Kelley, Neff, Dolph and Summers all carry membership in it beside their Elks, Masonic and Country Club lines…
Osceola
- 1907–1922Knights of Pythias, whole
Howard's 1907 roster gives the order whole for the county seat, in its three period parts: the subordinate lodge, Crusade Lodge No. 14 ; its uniformed branch, the Uniform Rank, South Bend Company No. 12 ; and the women's temple, Moonlight Temple, Rathbone Sisters No. 255…
Osceola
- 1907–1934The first interurban: the Chicago, South Bend & Northern Indiana
Howard closed his town chapter in 1907 with the prophecy that "the two interurban railways soon to connect the town with South Bend, on the east and with Laporte, Michigan City and Chicago on the west" would make New Carlisle "one of the most desirable residence towns in the country"…
New Carlisle
- 1907–1949The Fort Wayne Colored Giants · the city's Black ball club
The Fort Wayne Colored Giants played from as early as 1907 until 1949 — the dates Alfred Brothers Jr. established in research he presented at the History Center in 2018, correcting his own first belief that the club had lasted about two years.
Fort Wayne
- 1907–1995Ollie Bejma: The Studebaker Team's Own Major Leaguer
Aloysius Frank Bejma — Ollie — was born September 12, 1907, in South Bend, quit school at sixteen, went to work for Studebaker, and played five years on the company's baseball team, in the factory game the Sports leg records.
South Bend
- 1907–2002George Rickey: born here, taken at six, brought back
George Warren Rickey (1907–2002): the pioneer of kinetic sculpture, and the record's cleanest statement of a birth tie.
South Bend
- 1907–2023The county home's second life: Portage Manor, and its end
The St. Joseph County Infirmary at 3016 Portage Avenue — 113.8 acres bought in 1905, opened 4 April 1907 — was renamed the St. Joseph County Home under the 1947 state-law changes, licensed in 1966 for 108 residential beds and 12 comprehensive nursing-care beds, renamed Portage Manor in the 1980s after eighteen months…
Osceola
- 1907–2024The press as institution: the Press Club, the halls, and the archives
Howard's 1907 chapter on the city's fraternal and social organizations lists "the Press Club" among the clubs of the city — one documented mention, at survey size, of the journalists' own organization in the two-paper era.
South Bend
- 1907–2026The ambulance: from the police wagon to the EMS Division
The business men's leaflet of 1907, reprinted in Howard's history, lists a "Police ambulance system" among the city's assets, beside the Gamewell fire and police alarms…
South Bend
- 1907–2026The Elks test: no Mishawaka lodge
Howard's 1907 history, in its county account of the order, represents the Elks in St. Joseph County by a single lodge — South Bend Lodge No. 235, which "have built a fine Elks' Temple on West Colfax avenue" — and his Mishawaka roster, which misses little, carries no Elks body.
Mishawaka
- 1907–2026The roster: this ground's clubs, assembled in one place at last
Set it against the census frame of 1907 at county scale, from Howard's roster of that year: the Masons in three lodges, the Odd Fellows in their hall, the Elks in a new temple, the Pythians, Foresters, Hibernians, Maccabees, Woodmen, Red Men, Ben Hur, the Owls' Supreme Nest, sixty gentlemen of the Round Table, nine…
Granger
- 1907–2026The county home's second life: Portage Manor
In 1905 the commissioners bought the 113.8-acre Brown farm on Portage Avenue, beyond Riverview Cemetery, for 20,962.50 dollars, and built the St. Joseph County Infirmary to designs by the South Bend architects Freyermuth and Maurer…
Granger
- 1907–todayThe librarians: Olive Long to Donna Meeks
Olive Long , the founding librarian — "Miss Olive Long," part-time, in the City Hall room for the whole of its nine years, 1907 to 1916, on the nomination's account; whether she continued into the Carnegie building the record reached does not say.
Mishawaka
- 1908Fort Wayne Country Club
Founding: The Fort Wayne Country Club is the city's oldest surviving country club, and its own account of itself is consistent on the essentials: it was founded in 1908 by 75 charter members, who bought the original 88 acres of a property that has grown to 355 acres southwest of downtown.
Fort Wayne
- 1908The Anthony Hotel — later the Van Orman: the grand dame, 1908–1974
Construction began in 1905; the nine-story, 263-room house at 128 West Berry, the northeast corner of Berry and Harrison, took three years and $500,000, and opened with a celebratory banquet in February 1908.
Fort Wayne
- 1908The Lyric: vaudeville, burlesque, and the Wayne — one house, three names
The Calhoun Street house: The Lyric Theatre opened on October 12, 1908, at 1014 South Calhoun Street — the Lyric Theatre Building, 1012–1016 Calhoun in the 1923 city directory — as a house for vaudeville acts and movies, designed, like the Empress across downtown, by architect John M. E. Riedel.
Fort Wayne
- 1908Carole Lombard: the screwball queen, born on Rockhill Street
The tie: Carole Lombard was born Jane Alice Peters on October 6, 1908, at 704 Rockhill Street in Fort Wayne.
Fort Wayne
- 1908The Aveline fire: a cause no record names
Early on Sunday morning, May 3, 1908, the Aveline House, Francis Aveline's great brick hotel at the southeast corner of Calhoun and Berry streets, burned to a shell.
Fort Wayne
- 1908Two names that do not add a marque: a car called "South Bend," and the Bendix buggy
Vincent Bendix founded his first company at Chicago in 1907 to build "Bendix Motor Buggies"; Doyle's register and the Kimes-derived record alike seat the Bendix Company and its car at Logansport, Indiana, in 1908–1909.
South Bend
- 1908E-M-F and Flanders: the cars South Bend sold to the world but did not build
The narrative — the September 1908 contract that made Studebaker the E-M-F's exclusive distributor, Fred Fish's purchase of a third of the company that year and of the remainder in 1910, the million-dollar campaign Studebaker directed to remedy the early cars' defects for their owners, and the rebadging of the two…
South Bend
- 1908Temperance and the makers: what the dry crusade did to the plants
The state's county-option law of 1908 let counties vote themselves dry or wet; the Proctor Law of 1911 moved the voting unit down to the city and township.
South Bend
- 1908St. Monica Catholic Church: The North Side Parish
The Catholics of Mishawaka's north side, across the St. Joseph River from the mother parish, voted to pursue a parish of their own at a meeting at St. Joseph's school on 4 October 1908.
Mishawaka
- 1908Verne E. Minich and Otto A. Pfaff — the foundry-equipment founders
Verne E. Minich founded the enterprise in 1908 — as the Sand Mixing Machine Company, in the company's own magazine — leasing and then selling a newly developed mechanical sand-cutting device to foundries.
Mishawaka
- 1908The vice president's evening: Charles Fairbanks in Mishawaka, 1908
The visit: On October 28, 1908 — a week before the general election — Charles W. Fairbanks, the sitting Vice President of the United States and Indiana's own, came to Mishawaka, and the city turned out for him twice in one evening.
Mishawaka
- 1908The Grounds of the Visits — a vice president's evening, 1908; a president at Bethel, 2006
1908: On 28 October 1908, a week before the general election, Charles W. Fairbanks, the sitting Vice President of the United States and Indiana's own, came to Mishawaka, and the city turned out for him twice in one evening.
Mishawaka
- 1908The touring record: what the road brought to Mishawaka's rooms
The first is political theater of the literal kind: the Fairbanks convocation of 28 October 1908, an hour's address to a packed Republican hall inside the Century, at the climax of an evening that had already drawn five thousand into the street…
Mishawaka
- 1908–1909The Economy Motor Buggy Company: Fort Wayne's motor-buggy factory
The company: The Economy Motor Buggy Company was founded in Fort Wayne in 1908 to build highwheelers — motor buggies on tall, carriage-style wheels, chain-driven, sold to a countryside still suspicious of pneumatic tires on mud roads.
Fort Wayne
- 1908–1912E-M-F: bought for its factories, remembered for its failures
The agreement: In September 1908 Studebaker contracted with the E-M-F Company of Detroit — Everitt, Metzger, and Flanders — on new terms: E-M-F would manufacture the cars and Studebaker would distribute them exclusively through its wagon dealers.
South Bend
- 1908–1923The first playground: the clubwomen's six acres
In 1905, under the state's Cities and Towns Law, Mayor Henry C. Berghoff appointed the first Board of Park Commissioners, and the board's early work ran quickly to children: the department's history records the first supervised playground in 1908, at the corner of Clinton and Douglas Streets, operated by Miss Carrie Snively.
Fort Wayne
- 1908–1926Wheelabrator — the foundry-equipment works
Verne E. Minich founded the enterprise in 1908 — as the Sand Mixing Machine Company, in the company's own 1976 magazine — leasing and then selling a newly developed mechanical sand-cutting device to foundries.
Mishawaka
- 1908–1931The Union Trust Company — the failure of June 1931
The company: The Union Trust Company was organized in 1908 and banked at 202–204 South Michigan Street with capital of $200,000.
South Bend
- 1908–1940The electric system whole: consolidation, the 1917 strike, the jitneys, the fires, the end
The system's whole course, in the order its own history lays it out: CERA Bulletin 132, the Northern Indiana system's history, builds its middle on the decisions of 1908–1910 — "Major Decisions on Electric Power, Consolidation and New Shops" — when the competing lines were gathered into one company and one power and shop plant.
Osceola
- 1908–1942Carole Lombard: 704 Rockhill Street to the top of Hollywood
The birth: She was born Jane Alice Peters on 6 October 1908, at 704 Rockhill Street in Fort Wayne, the third child and only daughter of Frederic Christian Peters and Elizabeth Jayne Knight Peters, a prosperous family of the city's west central neighborhood.
Fort Wayne
- 1908–1974Hotel Anthony — later the Van Orman Hotel
Three years and $500,000 in the building; completed in 1908 at Berry and Harrison streets, to designs by Charles Weatherhogg.
Fort Wayne
- 1908–1974Fort Wayne City Light & Power
Fort Wayne first declared the need for a municipal light and power plant in 1898; voters approved construction in a 1906 referendum; the plant opened 29 August 1908 (ACGSI dates generation from September 1908), and the first service meter was set on Christmas Eve 1908.
Fort Wayne
- 1908–2014The great works fires, as a set
The fires of record: the St. Stanislaus wood church, burned 1908, the parish rebuilding in brick on its ground at Terre Coupee (the Architecture section's ledger carries it); and the K-Fex fire of 2014, in which Assistant Chief Middlebrook died in the line of duty…
New Carlisle
- 1908–2022The corridor test · the region's documented cases, checked one by one
On April 28, 1908, the farmhouse burned, with a headless woman's body and her three children's in the ruins — whether the woman was Gunness was never proved, and she never stood trial.
South Bend
- 1908–2024The demolition ledger, whole
(1) The first St. Stanislaus church, wood, 1884, burned in 1908 while serving as the parish school — the township's one church fire of record, its replacement already rising beside it since 1903.
New Carlisle
- 1908–2026The disaster set at building granularity
The church, 1908: the wood church of St. Stanislaus at Terre Coupee burned in 1908 — the parish's first building on its ground, replaced in the brick church whose glass the artists addendum gathers (the Architecture section's demolition ledger carries the fire).
New Carlisle
- 1908–todayThe pattern: two lines, one calendar
The civic line opens with supervised play: Snively's playground of 1908, Guldlin's six acres of 1911, the park board's assumption of the playgrounds in 1923, the Franke Park Day Camp of 1946, the Y camp of 1920 just over the county line, the Youtheatre of 1934, the library's storytimes.
Fort Wayne
- 1908–todayThe Italian north side: east of Main, north of Mishawaka Avenue
Its society is the DiLoreto Society, on Division Street, which the culture file records as "alive and well a century later"; its parish anchor is St. Monica, 222 West Mishawaka Avenue, organized from the north side in 1908, whose present church at Mishawaka Avenue and Ann Street was completed 2 October 1927 in the…
Mishawaka
- 1909Mizpah Shrine and the circus that outlived the lodge era
Fezzes, a million-dollar temple, and a circus: The Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine — the Masons' self-styled playground, part parade, part hospital charity — had been tried in Fort Wayne once, about 1903, and had failed, as the Fort Wayne News recorded in 1909.
Fort Wayne
- 1909The press photographers
The first Fort Wayne newsman the record remembers as a photographer is Karl Detzer, born in Fort Wayne on 4 September 1891, who worked as a reporter and photographer for Fort Wayne newspapers from 1909 to 1916 before a Chicago advertising career, a stretch as a Hollywood screenwriter and technical director in 1934–36…
Fort Wayne
- 1909Thieme Brothers silk hosiery, and the family's clothing trade
The silk line beside the cotton giant: In 1909 Theodore F. Thieme brought his brother John into a second company, Thieme Brothers Hosiery, organized to work the silk end of the trade while Wayne Knitting Mills ran at full-fashioned scale.
Fort Wayne
- 1909The Ricketts Automobile Works: a unit power plant and a crankshaft cut from solid steel
The record, at the size the trade press left it: The Ricketts Automobile Works of South Bend enters the written record in the trade press of February 1909, and the entry the magazine gave it is a serious one.
South Bend
- 1909Truck crops: onions, celery, cucumbers, and potatoes
Onions were the muck's measured staple among the vegetables — 239 acres devoted to the crop in 1909, "grown chiefly on the muck areas."
South Bend
- 1909The dairy county
In 1909, the average number of cows milked was 8,212. The total value of dairy products for this same year was $559,462" — dairying, with truck farming, "becoming of great importance" beside the county's general farming.
South Bend
- 1909The Italian thread: Calabrians who stayed
Its findings: Calabrian miners from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan came seasonally to shovel coal for the Indiana & Michigan Electric Company; some Italian arrivals bound for the steel mills of Gary — United States Steel's works, from 1909 — stopped in South Bend and stayed…
South Bend
- 1909The Chamber: a century as the business community's corporation
The corporate line: The South Bend Regional Chamber descends from the Chamber of Commerce founded in 1909, when the city's manufacturers were at their flood.
South Bend
- 1909The switch — Mishawaka's electric streetlights, July 1909
The adoption ceremony, as the record keeps it: The Pageant that closed the city's founding celebration in July 1909 is the Events section's and the Story of Mishawaka section's; what belongs to this section is the system it switched on.
Mishawaka
- 1909The names that were never fought: two tests, printed whole
The Story of Mishawaka section record of this history tests the legend and answers it — a fiction, traceable to an 1875 novel — and the culture record shows what the city did with the answer: it re-elected her at every anniversary, put a boulder at her "supposed grave" in Lincoln Park in 1909 and a statue in 1910, and…
Mishawaka
- 1909Fame Without a Findable Ground — the fastest cars in the world, 1909
The claim: The city's commissioned history carries a sentence of real grandeur: that Mishawaka saw road racing in 1909, with cars from the city “among the fastest in the world.”
Mishawaka
- 1909The official count that names the trade — the census sentence, and why it cannot be quoted for this ground
The checklist's opening pattern asks for one official sentence: the census or census-of-manufactures count that names a city's clothing trades at a date, the way the floor instance opens from the 1909 volume.
Granger
- 1909Away to Camp, and the Children's Room
The South Bend YMCA started the camp in the season of 1909 , after Harris Eberhart — a young camper of the South Bend Y — was killed on July 24, 1909, when the car he rode in stalled on railroad tracks at Munster, Indiana…
Granger
- 1909The official count that names the trade — a named gap, over a tested Osceola absence
For the floor city, South Bend, the quoted manufactures sentence itself could not be retrieved from open sources: the 1909 Census of Manufactures' Indiana tables are not open-web readable to the sentence.
Osceola
- 1909–1910The founding: St. Joseph Hospital, 1909–1910
Construction began in June 1909 on the old convent site, near Fourth and Spring, and the hospital opened on 19 April 1910: three stories, forty beds.
Mishawaka
- 1909–1910The first win over Michigan, and the boycott that followed, 1909–1910
The game: On November 6, 1909, at Ann Arbor, Notre Dame beat Michigan 11–3 — its first win in the series, after Michigan had taken the first eight meetings by a combined score of 121 to 16.
Notre Dame
- 1909–1914Elevating the south side — the Pennsylvania and Wabash go up, 1909–1914
The work: In 1909 the Pennsylvania and the Wabash announced a joint project to elevate their tracks through the city.
Fort Wayne
- 1909–1916Implement and machinery dealerships: hardware-store departments, at true size
In 1909 a farm implement warehouse stood at the rear of the east Main Street block; its operator is unnamed in the nomination.
North Liberty
- 1909–1921Football first: the Friars, 1909–1921
The Fort Wayne Friars , sponsored by the Catholic Athletic Association, were playing independent professional football by 1913 — a 1909 founding is also carried in the registers — against the best independent elevens of Indiana and Ohio, in the years before any national league existed.
Fort Wayne
- 1909–1927Deposit stations and the first branches
In 1909 the public library placed a small deposit collection at the Wayne Knitting Mills, for the use of employees only.
Fort Wayne
- 1909–1947The stained glass gathered: St. Stanislaus's windows as the makers' major local work
What the gathered record does not carry is the makers: no glazier, studio or designer is named for any window in any carrier reached — the commissions print as the parish's work, and the artists' names stand as the article's named residue, settler the parish building records and the dedication coverage of 1909 and 1947.
New Carlisle
- 1909–1963The second industrial age: the auto-parts conversion
The system changed its product without changing its skills: The census of 1909 already lists the seed of the next age among the engines of the last one — "the establishment and growth of the automobile industry" stands in the Thirteenth Census's own explanation of South Bend's 83.5 per cent growth.
South Bend
- 1909–1973Allan "Rocky" Lane: the voice of the talking horse
The tie, exactly: Allan Lane was born Harry Leonard Albershardt — the surname also stands as Albershart, the spelling he himself used in an October 1940 signature, per the genealogical record — on September 22, 1909, in Mishawaka, in Penn Township.
Mishawaka
- 1909–2001Anthony Lauck: the father of art at Notre Dame
The Rev. Anthony J. Lauck, C.S.C. (1909–2001): the priest-sculptor who built Notre Dame's modern art life and brought Meštrović to it.
Notre Dame
- 1909–2005The famous-photograph tests: pageant, flood, implosion — and one borrowed tornado
The Historical Pageant and Fourth of July Celebration of 1909 — the Hotel Mishawaka's opening, the pageant in Lincoln Park before six to ten thousand people, the week's crowds counted at every step in the banked events record…
Mishawaka
- 1909–2013Monuments and markers, as built objects
First by date is the Civil War Memorial of 1909, erected by Deacon Relief Corps No. 48 in the southern quarter of the New Carlisle Cemetery — a relief corps' monument in the ground it served, dug in the cemeteries leg and entered here as the town's one true monument of the classical kind.
New Carlisle
- 1909–2018Every early house, with its capacity — and the Grape Road house identified
Mishawaka's early roll, from the Tivoli's National Register nomination, the fullest theatre census this county owns: the Century , 600 seats, opened 1909 in a remodeled existing building; the Temple , 500 seats, opened 1915, likewise remodeled…
Granger
- 1909–2026The YMCA and the YWCA: no branch on this ground — the county's Y at the boundary, its camp named, and the YWCA across the same line
The camp, named as the pattern requires: The association's camp is YMCA Camp Eberhart on Corey Lake at Three Rivers, Michigan — founded 1909, the South Bend YMCA's camp from its first season, established with a $7,500 gift from Mr. and Mrs. Eberhart in memory of their son Harris Eberhart, killed at a railroad crossing…
Granger
- 1909–2026The park built fabric, whole: memorial, honor roll, grotto, clubhouse
The Civil War Memorial (1909) — the set's anchor object: standing in the southern quarter of the New Carlisle Cemetery, reached from West Michigan Street (U.S. 20) east of County Line Road, inscribed "In Memory Of The Unknown Dead, Soldiers, Sailors And Marines Of The War of the Rebellion, 1861–1865," and erected in…
New Carlisle
- 1909–todayThe Industrial Architecture — Plants, Breweries and Mills
The Administration Building at 635 South Main, designed by S. S. Beman of Chicago and opened in June 1909 — 149,000 square feet in concrete, its original fixtures substantially surviving…
South Bend