All cities · 20th century
1910s
377 dated events in 1910s, in order. Part of the full timeline.
20th century 377 dated mentions
1910s
- 1910First flights: the Driving Park, 1910
In the fall of 1910 the Glenn Curtiss exhibition team came to town — a News-Sentinel history records the planes arriving by rail, carted out to the park and put together as part of the show — and on 23 October 1910, during that meet, Blanche Stuart Scott flew solo across the Driving Association's field.
Fort Wayne
- 1910Herb Vigran: the character actor, raised here from sixteen
His obituaries and the standard references make him a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, born June 5, 1910, whose family moved to Fort Wayne when he was sixteen; he attended high school in Fort Wayne.
Fort Wayne
- 1910The Bronchos' pennant, 1910
The championship: Renamed the Bronchos, South Bend won the 1910 Central League championship with an 88–50 record — the first league title in the city's baseball record, and one of only two the early game produced here.
South Bend
- 1910The foreign-born peak, counted: 1910 and 1920
"The 1910 and 1920 country-of-birth tables, in which the Hungarian-born would be counted," it names as the settling pull, estimating from the parish record that the Hungarian-born must number in the low thousands.
South Bend
- 1910The Ridenour Garment Company — aprons from Logansport
W. W. Ridenour moved his plant from Logansport to South Bend in 1910 as the Ridenour Apron Company, and started with 36 machines.
South Bend
- 1910The Diamond, and the R.A.C.: the Ricketts continued under a new name
Doyle's register carries the marque under that later name only — "R.A.C. — Diamond Automobile Co. — South Bend, Ind. 1911–1912" — while Georgano dates the Diamond itself 1910–1912; both datings stand here as the two references print them, and the difference is a year at the front of a three-year life, not a dispute about the car.
South Bend
- 1910The Canadian door to the Empire trade
Plant 7 at Walkerville, Ontario — acquired with the E-M-F purchase of 1910 — assembled complete cars from components shipped from the South Bend and Detroit factories or made in Canada, and its output, in the marque record's words, "was designated for the Canadian (left-hand drive) and British Empire (right-hand drive) trade.
South Bend
- 1910The founding: St. Joseph Hospital, 1909–1910
Construction began in June 1909 on the old convent site, near Fourth and Spring, and the hospital opened on 19 April 1910: three stories, forty beds.
Mishawaka
- 1910River Park: the annexation that was refused
The reach and the refusal: In August 1910 the council annexed River Park, northwest of the river and Logan Street — the same northwestward reach the Great Annexation had made along the city's west side.
Mishawaka
- 1910The closing waves, school by school — at the strength the record allows
No. 5 Public School, Tulip Road — the one firm name-and-place of the one-room era: in the fall of 1910 the parish of St. Stanislaus "bought the No. 5 Public School from Olive Township and moved it to the foundation of the old church," the building standing "roughly a quarter mile north of the present church on Tulip Road"…
New Carlisle
- 1910–1919Walkerton cut glass: the art the town was famous for, 1910–1919
Walkerton's one art industry began with a scouting trip: on Wednesday 2 February 1910 a committee of three men from a Chicago cut-glass factory came to Walkerton to talk the town into hosting a works, and the town talked fast…
Walkerton
- 1910–1934The vaudeville bills: the Orpheum and the Palace
The Orpheum Theatre at 222 North Michigan Street opened on November 14, 1910, as a house of the Orpheum Circuit, running the circuit's standard bill — five acts a week to a 2,000-seat room — until it closed in 1934.
South Bend
- 1910–1977The theater producers: the circuits
The Orpheum Circuit opened its South Bend Orpheum on 14 November 1910 with five acts of vaudeville and opened the Palace on 2 November 1922 as its second South Bend room, built to a palace's scale as the business changed…
South Bend
- 1910–1985Ardelle Glaze: recording wire, then the wire inside the body
The wire: The Business section holds the corporate record of Fort Wayne Metals — Ardelle Glaze (1910–1985) founding it in 1946 to make magnetic recording wire — including Scott Glaze's figure that within five years the company was making 80 percent of the recording wire used in America.
Fort Wayne
- 1910–1985Ardelle Glaze — the founder who founded it twice
Ardelle Glaze was born in West Virginia in 1910 and grew up in Akron, Ohio; he worked at distilling bourbon, in the baking industry and at machine repair, studied at the Illinois Institute of Technology, and spent the war years as a research scientist at the Armour Research Foundation in Chicago, on the team that…
Fort Wayne
- 1910–2010John Wooden, the Player: The Streak That Still Stands
Born October 14, 1910, in Hall, Indiana, and schooled at Martinsville, he was a Purdue guard from 1929 to 1932: the first player ever named a consensus All-American three times, the Helms Player of the Year in 1932, and the engine of the 1932 Purdue team later recognized as national champion by the Helms Foundation…
South Bend
- 1910–2020Migration and the industrial ceiling, counted together — and Granger's different arrival
Gordon's counts frame the first: the city's Black population doubled 1910–1920 and nearly tripled 1920–1922, drawn by wartime industry.
Granger
- 1910–2026The employers' ladder — dated rungs
The rungs: 1910 — Dodge Manufacturing, more than 1,200 persons, Mishawaka's largest employer (the Mix biography, from the period record).
Mishawaka
- 1910–todayDowntown — the Multiple Resource Area of 1985
John Mohler Studebaker, Clement's brother and his successor at the head of the corporation, built the J.M.S. Building at 108 North Main in 1910, to designs of Solon S. Beman of Chicago — the architect of the company town of Pullman, Illinois, and of Studebaker's own Administration Building.
South Bend
- 1911Refrigerators and magnet wire
GE begins Fort Wayne manufacture of the French Audiffren home refrigerator, first unit sold 1911 at about $1,000 (see “Fort Wayne invented the refrigerator, in 1913.” ).
Fort Wayne
- 1911Wire for the world: the magnet-wire cluster and the die maker
Fort Wayne's wire went out by the trainload; the tools that made wire followed: The electrical trade made Fort Wayne a wire city — Dudlo's magnet-wire works from 1911, then Rea, Phelps Dodge and Essex — and wire is an export good by nature: it ships anywhere copper is wound.
Fort Wayne
- 1911The Bird Boy's airport: Art Smith in the field record
The airport record needs only the dates that hold the field together: his first publicized home exhibition on 21 October 1911 at the Driving Park, with his mascot kitten Punk riding in a cage on the wing ten days earlier in the local papers' telling…
Fort Wayne
- 1911The man in the river · Harold Shaw
The finding: In the first days of March 1911, two boys playing at the city dump found a man's body floating in the St. Marys River.
Fort Wayne
- 1911The Quest Club
The club's own fact sheet fixes its establishment to December 1, 1911, and a member's history — John D. Beatty's "A History of Quest Club at 100 Years," presented October 7, 2011 — records that it was founded by a group of local businessmen as a forum where they could hear lectures that would improve their management and marketing skills.
Fort Wayne
- 1911The South Bend Farmer's Market
The county still sells to the city face to face, in the market's second century: South Bend's farmer's market opened in 1911 beside the Colfax Street bridge, in the market histories' account — a year-round market, three days a week, where the truck farms of this record sold directly to the city that was outgrowing them.
South Bend
- 1911The first flight: René Simon, 10 September 1911
The county's flying age opened as a show: On 10 September 1911 the French aviator René Simon, touring America with the Moisant International Aviators exhibition company, flew a Blériot monoplane from a field near the southeast corner of Ironwood Drive and Dragoon Trail before a crowd The History Museum puts at 30,000.
South Bend
- 1911Air shows: from Simon's exhibition to Skyfest Michiana
The exhibition tradition is as old as the flying: South Bend's first air show was its first flight — Simon's 1911 exhibition before 30,000 people, told at the head of this section.
South Bend
- 1911The ledger of losses
The James Oliver House was demolished in 1911, by private choice in the family's own building campaign, to make way for a public school.
South Bend
- 1911George Seaton: the comedy writing
The tie: George Seaton was born George Edward Stenius in South Bend on April 17, 1911, and the family moved to Detroit while he was a child.
South Bend
- 1911The markets: the city's curb market of 1911–1924, and the farmer's market that claims its line
In the summer of 1911 the Common Council passed, three times over, the ordinances that created a public market: Ordinance No. 1600, introduced June 26, 1911; No. 1601, passed 8 to 1 on July 5; and No. 1618, the rulebook that governed the result…
South Bend
- 1911Two cars at the first Indianapolis 500, and the Speedway's first death
The entries: The first Indianapolis 500, run on 30 May 1911, carried forty starters, and two of them were Mishawaka cars, entered under the American Simplex name with Amplex chassis and engines.
Mishawaka
- 1911The first flight: René Simon, 10 September 1911 — and whose ground it was
On 10 September 1911 the French aviator René Simon, touring America with the Moisant International Aviators exhibition company, flew a Blériot monoplane from a field near the southeast corner of Ironwood Drive and Dragoon Trail before a crowd The History Museum puts at 30,000.
Mishawaka
- 1911The first death at the Indianapolis 500 was in a Mishawaka car
Two cars of the American Simplex — built here by the Simplex Motor Car Company, whose cars later took the name Amplex — started the inaugural race on 30 May 1911.
Mishawaka
- 1911Humor in print: Ruth McKenney
The comedy side of a birth: the largest body of humor ever to come out of a Mishawaka birth belongs to Ruth McKenney, born in this city on 18 November 1911 and taken to East Cleveland at seven — the tie at its exact size, birth and seven years, as the authors record states it.
Mishawaka
- 1911The Mishawaka Woman's Club, organized 1911
The club: The city's women's club stands in the 1921 directory at full roster strength: "Mishawaka Women's Club — organized March 11, 1911.
Mishawaka
- 1911Markets and grocers: the negative, the chain's stores, and the Sunday market
The municipal market that is not there: South Bend's food record holds a municipal curb market documented to its ordinance numbers, 1911 to 1924.
Mishawaka
- 1911The system plan whole: the Kessler test run, the master-plan sequence in order, and the horizon year
The City of South Bend's Historic Preservation Commission staff reports state it precisely: "The 1911-1915 Parks and Boulevard system and the Leeper Park Plan, designed by celebrated planner and landscape architect George Kessler," embodied City Beautiful ideals, "connecting parks and boulevards as planned elements of…
Granger
- 1911–1914Magnet wire — the trade Fort Wayne founded
The founding date is carried three ways in the record: Jacobs formed the Dudlo Wire Company with William Mossman and his son B. Paul Mossman in 1911 and built the Wall Street plant in 1912; the News-Sentinel 's industrial history dates Dudlo Manufacturing's start of the industry to 1914, in a 50-by-100-foot building on Wall Street.
Fort Wayne
- 1911–1915The Kessler System: Parks and Boulevards, 1911–1915
The Historic Preservation Commission's staff reports on Leeper Park state it as fact: "The 1911-1915 Parks and Boulevard system and the Leeper Park Plan, designed by celebrated planner and landscape architect George Kessler, embodied early twentieth century ideals grounded in the City Beautiful movement, connecting…
South Bend
- 1911–1917Moves, mergers, and the Benders, 1911–1917
The 1911 upheaval: The 1911 club, renamed the Benders, transferred to Grand Rapids on July 13, 1911. South Bend was not left dark: on August 11 the Evansville club moved in and finished the season as the South Bend Bux.
South Bend
- 1911–1919The Studebaker Corporation, and the First World War
The incorporation: The wagon company and the car company became one corporation on 14 February 1911, when the Studebaker Corporation was incorporated under New Jersey law, taking over the Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company and E-M-F; the combined assets came to $15.4 million, in the company-derived accounts.
South Bend
- 1911–1928Markets whole: South Bend's curb market, 1911–1924, and the farmer's market that claims its line — the lineage claim tested
On 26 June 1911 Councilman Buechner introduced Ordinance No. 1600, "An ordinance establishing a Public Market on East Colfax Avenue"; after a 15-minute special session on 5 July 1911 re-passed it as Ordinance No. 1601 (8 to 1), and a fuller rulebook followed on 27 November 1911 as Ordinance No. 1618 (8 to 0, signed the next day).
Osceola
- 1911–1933Dudlo Manufacturing Company (Dudlo Wire Co.)
Founded: Formed 1911; Fort Wayne factory opened 1912. No incorporation record, directory listing or patent record was retrieved, so nothing here rests on a primary record.
Fort Wayne
- 1911–1934The refrigerator threads: Wolf's Domelre, Mellowes's unit, and the Monitor Top
The factory first: The civic claim "Fort Wayne invented the refrigerator, in 1913" is tried in this history's account “Fort Wayne invented the refrigerator, in 1913.” , which finds the wrong inventor and the wrong year attached to the right factory: General Electric manufactured home refrigerators of Abbé Marcel…
Fort Wayne
- 1911–1942First flight and first field, separately dated
The area's first recorded airplane flight was made by the French aviator René Simon on 10 September 1911, flying a Blériot monoplane from a field near the southeast corner of Ironwood Road and Dragoon Trail, before a crowd the History Museum's record puts at 30,000.
Osceola
- 1911–1953The farmers' institutions — the county Farm Bureau from 1911, the extension service, and the empty chairs
The Farm News of St. Joseph County , the bureau's paper, in its June 1953 retrospective, traced the organization to a meeting of 22 farmers on October 14, 1911, with the St. Joseph County Farm Bureau organized in March 1913…
Walkerton
- 1911–1972Ruth McKenney: the sister who wrote Eileen
The tie, exactly: Ruth Marguerite McKenney was born November 18, 1911, in Mishawaka, the daughter of John Sidney McKenney, a mechanical engineer, and Marguerite Flynn, a grade-school teacher.
Mishawaka
- 1911–1972Ruth McKenney — ten books from a Mishawaka birth
Ruth Marguerite McKenney was born in Mishawaka on 18 November 1911, to John Sidney McKenney, a mechanical engineer, and Marguerite Flynn, a grade-school teacher.
Mishawaka
- 1911–1974Hinkle and Hammes: the Ford store on Lafayette
The Studebaker man who sold Fords: William Riley Hinkle acquired the Ford dealership in South Bend in 1911. He came to it from inside the hometown industry: among the jobs he had worked before the dealership was one in the sales office of the Studebaker Manufacturing Company.
South Bend
- 1911–1979George Seaton: the two-Oscar screenwriter born at the Bend
George Seaton (1911–1979): the first of the three names the earlier passes flagged for the Famous People roster, entered here whole as his holding entry; the Authors section carries his shelf at writers' size, and assembly decides his final home.
South Bend
- 1911–1979The screenwriters born here — George Seaton and Larry Karaszewski
George Seaton was born George Edward Stenius in South Bend on 17 April 1911; the family moved to Detroit while he was a child, and the formation — the raised-in-Detroit years, the Jesse Bonstelle stock company, the WXYZ radio work as the voice of the Lone Ranger — is Detroit's, printed at that strength.
South Bend
- 1911–2019Screenwriters born here, carried as authors
George Seaton was born George Edward Stenius in South Bend on 17 April 1911. His screenwriting Oscars are Miracle on 34th Street (1947) and The Country Girl (1954); his nominations include The Song of Bernadette (1943) and Airport (1970).
Osceola
- 1911–2026Second lives, shows, the accident record, and the small fields
The show line runs from the first exhibition — Simon's 1911 flight was itself an air meet performance (art-53-1) — through Mishawaka Airport's 1934 opening parade and jumps; a present-day festival on this ground was not verified in the record reached and is not claimed.
Osceola
- 1911–todayScreenwriters, carried as authors, with the writing credits named
George Seaton (born George Edward Stenius, April 17, 1911, in South Bend; died July 28, 1979), carried by his writing credits as the checklist requires: first major screen credit A Day at the Races (1937); The Song of Bernadette (1943; Academy Award nomination)…
Granger
- 1912Shawnee Branch (first the Southside Branch)
The system's first branch opened in 1912 at 2520 South Calhoun Street, serving the city's south side as the Southside Branch.
Fort Wayne
- 1912Zollner Corporation
Founded: Zollner Machine Works was founded in Duluth, Minnesota, in 1912 by Theodore Zollner, a machinist who had apprenticed at Twin City Iron Works.
Fort Wayne
- 1912Victor Rea — the wire man who struck out on his own
Victor Rea came up inside George Jacobs's wire works: the company's own ninetieth-anniversary account has him starting as a foreman in 1912 at the Dudlo Company, which had relocated from Cleveland to Wall Street in Fort Wayne the year before.
Fort Wayne
- 1912–1913The Jefferson Theatre: the house that turned around
Contracts for its construction were let in November 1912 — the Journal-Gazette of November 17, 1912, reported the letting and named the designer, local architect Charles R. Weatherhogg — and on February 2, 1913, the paper carried the announcement that the Jefferson would open on February 8; local histories date the house simply to 1912.
Fort Wayne
- 1912–1917Jesse Harper and the 1913 Army game
Harper: Jesse Harper was hired from Wabash in December 1912 and took up the post in September 1913 as athletic director and coach of all varsity sports.
Notre Dame
- 1912–1919Distribution counted as an export trade — sized, and bounded
Distribution counts as an export trade only where the network abroad is the business, and for this county the verifiable sizing is the flagship's: Studebaker's New York export office (opened 1912) , its London house (through which a foreign government bought hundreds of cars), its photographed houses of foreign…
Osceola
- 1912–1920Suffrage in Fort Wayne · the Franchise League and the factory chapters
In October 1912, when the Indiana Federation of Clubs held its annual meeting in Fort Wayne, the Franchise League held a suffrage luncheon at the same hotel, and the contemporary accounts record that the city's club women "demonstrated an unwavering support for suffrage."
Fort Wayne
- 1912–1921Potawatomi Zoo: the city's zoo, at cross-reference size
Secondary accounts date the move earlier, to 1912, when a deer herd came over from Leeper Park and animals were also sheltered at a house on Wall Street, a former Anti-Tuberculosis League property, until 1921.
South Bend
- 1912–1927First Growth: Deer, a Buffalo Yard, and Ten Acres
A herd of deer was moved to Potawatomi Park in 1912, and the zoo was based out of a house on Wall Street formerly used by the Anti-Tuberculosis League to house tuberculosis patients: the zoo's first headquarters was a recycled contagion house at the park's edge.
South Bend
- 1912–1933Photographers With Unfinished Records
Washington Blake opened a studio at 1008 Calhoun in Fort Wayne in 1912 and worked to 1920.
Granger
- 1912–1966The imperial door: how a Canadian plant opened Empire trade — and the door this ground never had
First, the Walkerville, Ontario plant (Windsor, 1912–1936 in the record’s dating): complete cars assembled from components shipped from the South Bend and Detroit factories or made locally in Canada, whose output “was designated for the Canadian (left-hand drive) and British Empire (right-hand drive) trade”…
Granger
- 1912–1990The named trains — and the long goodbye, 1912–1990
Chief among them was the Pennsylvania's Broadway Limited, the road's flagship New York–Chicago limited, which began service in 1912 (its predecessor, the Pennsylvania Special, dated to 1902) and stopped at Fort Wayne for the whole of its life on the Fort Wayne Line.
Fort Wayne
- 1912–2002Robert F. Borkenstein: the Breathalyzer, and the legend of the color camera
The man: Robert Frank Borkenstein was born in Fort Wayne on 31 August 1912 and raised here; the Depression ended his schooling, and he worked in Fort Wayne as a photographic technician…
Fort Wayne
- 1912–todayNotre Dame hockey — from the Joyce ice to Compton
The origins: Hockey at Notre Dame began as a club sport in 1912–13; the first official game in the program's history came in February 1928, against Michigan.
Notre Dame
- 1913The Great Flood
The death count is “The 1913 flood killed seven people in Fort Wayne.” . The Fort Wayne flood was one city's share of the Great Flood of 1913, the Easter-week storm system that drowned Dayton and much of the Ohio valley.
Fort Wayne
- 1913The Great Flood
The Maumee crests at 26.1 ft; some 5,500 homes and businesses damaged, about 15,000 people homeless. The death count is “The 1913 flood killed seven people in Fort Wayne.” .
Fort Wayne
- 1913The Great Flood · Easter week, 1913
The storms of late March 1913 dropped rain across the whole Ohio Valley — the Midwestern Regional Climate Center's reconstruction puts the runoff at what the region normally sheds in six months — and the valley's rivers rose past every mark they had.
Fort Wayne
- 1913The forecast record: what Fort Wayne predicted for itself
The Griswold-Phelps handbook of 1913, printing the census series, estimated the city's 1913 population at 78,000 — a booster-era estimate 22 percent above the census of three years before.
Fort Wayne
- 1913Fort Wayne's Famous Coney Island: the stand that outlasted them all
The oldest plate in the city: The History Center's account gives the stand a 1913 start on Calhoun Street, opened by Greek immigrants; since 1914 it has stood at 131 West Main Street, and in 1916 Vasil Eshcoff, a Macedonian immigrant, bought an interest from one of the three original Greek owners.
Fort Wayne
- 1913The motor age: tourist cabins, the Lincoln Highway, and the bypass
The guest arrives by car: The automobile reached Fort Wayne's lodging trade down the Lincoln Highway, which crossed Allen County for 33.5 miles on its 1913 route, later US 30.
Fort Wayne
- 1913The Empress, the Strand, and the Shirley: the Wayne Street corner house
It opened in the fall of 1912 by one local account, on March 9, 1913 by the Cinema Treasures record, as the Empress Theatre, designed by John M. E. Riedel, one of the town's leading architects of the period; in its early years the Empress presented Sullivan & Considine vaudeville alongside pictures.
Fort Wayne
- 1913The Grand Leader, Stillman's, and the move to the malls
The Grand Leader opened on 15 October 1913 at Wayne and Calhoun in the remodelled White Fruit House quarters, billed as "Fort Wayne's newest department store," with twenty-eight departments under one roof…
Fort Wayne
- 1913Thirty-eight coffins for Peru
The order: The great flood of March 1913 put some 2,000 Fort Wayne homes under water; the Maumee crested at 26.1 feet on the night of 26 March, the dikes guarding Lakeside breached, martial law was declared, and the relief organisation aided 11,187 people.
Fort Wayne
- 1913Bendix in the world: licenses, brakes and wings
The invention record — carried in the Inventors section — shows the pattern from the start: Vincent Bendix licensed his starter drive to the Eclipse Machine Company of Elmira in 1913, and the drive, fitted first to Chevrolet's 1914 "Baby Grand," spread through the world's motor industry as a licensed device rather…
South Bend
- 1913–1919The Lincoln Highway and the First World War
The Lincoln Highway , Carl Fisher's coast-to-coast “Main Street Across America,” dedicated in 1913, entered Allen County from Ohio and ran through New Haven and downtown Fort Wayne, crossing the St. Marys on the Harrison Street bridge — whose plaque still reads “Lincoln Highway Bridge: New York 724 miles – San Francisco 2,660 miles.”
Fort Wayne
- 1913–1922The News-Times Window, and Hoosier State Chronicles
The town's digitized window is therefore the sister city's paper: the South Bend News-Times of 1913–1922, filed under South Bend, in which Mishawaka's news ran as a department.
Mishawaka
- 1913–1926The 1917 strike and the jitney wars
The strike: The Northern Indiana Railway's standard history gives the labor record of the streetcar era a chapter of its own, and its place in the company's chronology is fixed: between the chapters on the storms, jitney buses, track extensions and new cars of 1913–1917 and the Columbia Street fire of 1919 stands the 1917 strike.
South Bend
- 1913–1927The jitney test, run whole
The frame: the jitney — the automobile run as an unfranchised streetcar, taking nickels for rides along the rails' own routes — was the street railway's first motor competition across the country in 1913–1917, and the Northern Indiana Railway met it here.
Mishawaka
- 1913–1928The Lincoln Highway, the motor club, and the highway that never came
The Lincoln Highway through town: The Lincoln Highway, announced in 1913 as the first transcontinental automobile road, crossed Allen County for 33.5 miles and made Fort Wayne the largest Indiana city on its route.
Fort Wayne
- 1913–1928The Lincoln Highway ran through South Bend: 1913 to 1928
The route announced on 13 September 1913 — the South Bend Tribune carried it that day, the New York Times on the 14th — crossed Indiana through Fort Wayne, Elkhart, South Bend, LaPorte and Valparaiso, and the Indiana Historical Bureau's marker annotation states it without qualification: "The original route through…
South Bend
- 1913–1928Before the branch: plates by mail, and the notary's desk
For the first motorists of the county seat, there was no branch to go to: Indiana began issuing state license plates in 1913, and the transaction ran by mail.
South Bend
- 1913–1928Lincolnway: the Lincoln Highway through Mishawaka, 1913 to 1928
For fifteen years the most famous road in America was this city's main east–west street: The Lincoln Highway was announced on 13 September 1913, and its original route across Indiana ran through Fort Wayne, Elkhart, South Bend, LaPorte and Valparaiso…
Mishawaka
- 1913–1928Before the branch: plates by mail, and the notary's desk
For the first motorists of Harris and Clay townships, there was no branch to go to: Indiana began issuing state license plates in 1913, and the transaction ran by mail.
Granger
- 1913–1928The named-auto-trail era whole: the Lincoln Highway here, 1913–1928, and the Dixie Highway tested
The Lincoln Highway through this town, with its span closed: the Lincoln Highway Association was formed in 1913 to promote a coast-to-coast road from New York to San Francisco; the route was announced 13 September 1913 and the highway formally dedicated 31 October 1913, 3,389 miles in its first official length.
Osceola
- 1913–1928Before the branch: plates by mail, and the notary's desk
For the first motorists of Penn Township, there was no branch to go to: Indiana began issuing state license plates in 1913, and the transaction ran by mail.
Osceola
- 1913–1928Before the branch: plates by mail, and the notary's desk
For the first motorists of Lincoln Township, there was no branch to go to: Indiana began issuing state license plates in 1913, and the transaction ran by mail.
Walkerton
- 1913–1928Before the branch: plates by mail, and the notary's desk
For the first motorists of Olive Township, there was no branch to go to: Indiana began issuing state license plates in 1913, and the transaction ran by mail.
New Carlisle
- 1913–1957Tuberculosis and the sanatorium regime: Healthwin, boundary-printed
Dr. St. Clair Darden, whose name the road already carried into the institution's, was hired in 1919 at twenty-eight and became its superintendent; survival under the regime rose from 50 percent in 1913 to 74 percent ten years after his arrival.
Mishawaka
- 1913–1971The Black press of the county seat — and the alternative layer
The state survey of African American newspapers prints the county seat's run: the Observer (1913); the South Bend Forum (1923, weekly); the South Bend Journal (1928, weekly, edited by William D. LaMarr); the South Bend Herald-Times (1950s); and The Reformer (1967–1971, weekly)…
Lakeville
- 1913–1974Grand Leader — later Stillman's
Founded: Opened 15 October 1913 at Wayne and Calhoun streets, in the remodelled White Fruit House quarters — "Fort Wayne's newest department store," 28 departments, several hundred salespeople, officers J. J. Hursch (president and general manager, formerly of Muncie and Akron), M. C. Landy and Raymond Smythe.
Fort Wayne
- 1913–1998The Lincoln Highway through Mishawaka: Lincolnway, 1913, and the route's departure
The 1913 course: The Lincoln Highway was announced on 13 September 1913, and its original route across Indiana ran through Fort Wayne, Elkhart, South Bend, LaPorte and Valparaiso — the Indiana Historical Bureau's annotation names the principal towns…
Mishawaka
- 1913–2003The plate record: county 71 on a Lakeville windshield
The first registrations ever made for this ground — the 1913-era countywide figures' Union Township share — were not reached in any annual report read (gap G-BMV-1 ).
Lakeville
- 1913–2008The absorption: how Mishawaka's news became the Tribune's bureau
The News-Times' digitized run, 1913–1922, is today the chief searchable window into Mishawaka's daily life in those years.
Mishawaka
- 1913–2010The crossing at Michigan and Washington
The Lincoln Highway crossed it east–west from 1913, the Dixie Highway north–south on Michigan Street, and the Indiana Historical Bureau's marker, installed at the corner in 2010 by the Bureau with the GFWC/IFC Progress Club of South Bend and the Indiana Lincoln Highway Association, is titled for the fact: "Highways intersected here."
South Bend
- 1913–2015The broadcast tail, and the Black press: South Bend's lines dug, Penn Township tested
The Black press of South Bend, from the state's African American newspaper list: the Observer (1913); the South Bend Forum (1923, weekly); the South Bend Journal (1928, weekly, edited by William D. LaMarr); the South Bend Herald-Times (1950s); and The Reformer (1967–1971, weekly, its run preserved in a free online archive)…
Osceola
- 1913–2016The barrier-breakers in uniform — the police firsts
The policewomen: The first woman associated with the department was Fannie Winch, appointed the city's first police matron in 1913.
Fort Wayne
- 1913–2019Trails on the levees: the flood work you can walk on
The Floods marker at Headwaters Park records that in the years before dikes the average flood level stood at about fourteen feet, that dikes raised the flood levels steadily, and that the worst flood on record came in March 1913, when the Maumee rose overnight from seven feet to over twenty-six feet.
Fort Wayne
- 1913–2026The counters Lakeville used, era by era
From 1913 into the early 1920s: the mail, and the notary channel (above). From the early 1920s through 1929: the department's county-seat counters at South Bend.
Lakeville
- 1913–2026The counters North Liberty used, era by era
From 1913 into the early 1920s: the mail, and the notary channel (above). From the early 1920s through 1929: the department's county-seat counters at South Bend, at the strength reached.
North Liberty
- 1913–todayTaxis and the airport — in brief
It appears in the 1913–14 Griswold-Phelps handbook with a published fare card — thirty cents for the first mile for one or two passengers, with added charges by the quarter-mile and for waiting…
Fort Wayne
- 1913–todayThe Lincolnway trade and the present seated commerce, as of November 2026
The highway made the village's second frontage: the Lincoln Highway of 1913, on the Vistula Road's course of 1833, ran through the additions the railroad had drawn — Lincolnway West and East, the town's main street today as State Road 933 (the Story of Osceola section carries the road's whole).
Osceola
- 1914The claims, tested
What the record supports, and what it does not: "The first coney dog was served in Fort Wayne in 1914." This circulates on tourism pages, and it fails: the coney style descends from Charles Feltman's Coney Island stand of 1871, and Greek and Macedonian stands were opening across the Midwest in the same years as Fort Wayne's.
Fort Wayne
- 1914The Federation, the Chest, and the United Way of St. Joseph County
Founding: The United Way of St. Joseph County's own published history dates the body to 1914 and gives the founding figure: "Founded in 1914 with an amount of 18,058 dollars in funds."
South Bend
- 1914"Three-quarters of the world's sewing-machine cabinets" — Singer's South Bend works
That in 1914 three-quarters of all the sewing-machine cases and cabinets in the world were made in South Bend.
South Bend
- 1914The Rotary Club of South Bend
The Rotary Club of South Bend's own history page gives its place in the order's Indiana sequence: chartered in 1914, the fourth Rotary club chartered in Indiana, with fourteen charter members.
South Bend
- 1914Federated giving: the county chest, and the Mishawaka chest that the record does not show
One campaign for the county, none of the town's own: Federated giving came to St. Joseph County in 1914, and South Bend's charities record owns its whole course: the Federation for Social Service organized that year, the Community Chest of South Bend, Inc. documented by 1950, the St. Joseph County United Fund of the 1950s…
Mishawaka
- 1914A mile of parade for a cornerstone, 1914
When the cornerstone was laid in May 1914 for the Neo-Classical building, the festivities included a mile-long parade viewed by four to five thousand spectators — in a city of some fifteen thousand, a third of the population on the sidewalks for a federal cornerstone.
Mishawaka
- 1914Diphtheria and scarlet fever: the state's table, the town's silence
The two childhood diseases stand counted at state size: the State Board of Health's December 1914 bulletin, read first-hand, reports diphtheria at 486 cases in 57 counties with 53 deaths, and scarlet fever at 520 cases in 62 counties with 20 deaths — scarlet fever the state's most prevalent disease that month.
Mishawaka
- 1914The works game — indoor baseball in 1914 and the Wagner Steel fastpitch champions
1914: Mishawaka's industrial-era sport is visible in a single week's paper: the South Bend News-Times of 10 March 1914 carries a Mishawaka Moose indoor baseball club winning games at its hall — indoor baseball, the winter game of the lodge and works teams, documented in the city in the year the Great War began.
Mishawaka
- 1914–1915The paper course: $35,000 asked, $30,000 granted, and Eberhart's two lots
The asking: "The administration of the City of Mishawaka began courting the Carnegie Corporation in 1914 to provide $35,000 towards building a new library facility."
Mishawaka
- 1914–1915The specialty soils whole: the muck, the mint, and the truck crops named one by one
The governing open source is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's own muck-land survey: H. R. Smalley, Management of Muck-Land Farms in Northern Indiana and Southern Michigan , Farmers' Bulletin 761 (10 Oct. 1916), a field study of 140 muck farms (100 analysed for the farm year 1 Mar. 1914 – 1 Mar. 1915) in the…
Osceola
- 1914–1918The Gold Star roll of the First World War: 109 names
The roll: the county's roll of its First World War dead is the St. Joseph County section of the Gold Star Honor Roll of Indiana, 1914–1918, published by the Indiana Historical Commission in 1921…
South Bend
- 1914–1921The Gold Star roll · a hundred and nine names
The state's official record of this county's First World War dead carries ninety-four names: The Indiana Historical Commission's Gold Star Honor Roll (1921) — "a record of Indiana men and women who died in the service of the United States and the Allied nations in the World War, 1914–1918"…
South Bend
- 1914–1922Ralph W. Gaylor and the recount of 1921
The directory ends Herzog's tenure in 1914, and a letter printed in the South Bend News-Times of 7 October 1921, from a Fifth Ward voter who had supported him, says the writer voted for Gaylor "the last two times he has run for mayor" and complains of what the Fifth Ward had asked of him across "the past eight years"…
Mishawaka
- 1914–1926The Dixie Highway: the feeder that became a main line
The Dixie Highway reached South Bend as somebody else's feeder, and stayed: Before the Dixie Highway Association existed, Indiana newspapers were already calling the proposed Indianapolis–South Bend road a "feeder route" to the Lincoln Highway, and the counties between the two cities were at work on it: in October…
South Bend
- 1914–1926The Dixie Highway: the Western Division Runs Through Roseland
The Dixie Highway Association was organized at Chattanooga in early December 1914; the governors of the interested states met there on 3 April 1915, and on 22 May 1915 the commission chose a split route so more communities could be served.
Roseland
- 1914–1931Frederick George Eberhart: The Rubber-Era Eberhart — a Golf Course, a Mansion, a Library's Ground
The first is credit: by a memorandum of agreement of 24 February 1914, F. G. Eberhart of Mishawaka, with three South Bend men, guaranteed the notes of the Modern Specialties Manufacturing Company — notes of $2,500, $1,000, and $11,500 across 1915…
Mishawaka
- 1914–1937Bowling and boxing — a league in 1914, and a Golden Gloves champion who became a Bear
Bowling: A Mishawaka bowling league was rolling league matches at a local alley in March 1914, documented in the South Bend News-Times of 10 March 1914; the alley's name is garbled in the surviving scan and is not guessed here.
Mishawaka
- 1914–1948Ross Lockridge Jr. — a Fort Wayne childhood, a Bloomington life
He was born in Bloomington on 25 April 1914. His family — Indianapolis first, then Fort Wayne — lived in Fort Wayne through his small childhood: he was five when his younger brother Bruce drowned here, and nine when the family returned to Bloomington in 1924.
Fort Wayne
- 1914–1964The engineer, the Depression, the war, and the deaths in office
Fred W. Keller (1914–1918): Keller was a German Township farm boy who became a civil engineer — assistant county engineer, then city engineer — and in 1913 he ran for mayor as an independent, outside both parties, and won.
South Bend
- 1914–1966Licensed production abroad, distinguished from shipped goods
The Bendix story begins with licensing as an import: in 1924 Vincent Bendix acquired the rights to the French engineer Henri Perrot’s drum-brake patents, and the Eclipse Machine Company of Elmira, New York, had been making Bendix’s patented starters under licence since 1914 before Bendix acquired Eclipse outright in 1929.
Granger
- 1914–1968Walkerton High School: the Indians
Before the Falcons, the town's teams were the Indians: Walkerton High School — its first building of 1914 holding all twelve grades, its 1942 building afterward the Harold C. Urey Middle School (the Schools section carries the buildings whole)…
Walkerton
- 1914–2021The downtown building grown: the 1998 expansion and the Heritage Center
The United States Post Office for Mishawaka built its freestanding building at 120 South Church Street in 1914 — the building from whose steps the town's recruits of May 1917 marched to the depot, in the photograph the Heritage Room still displays — served there until its move about 1970 (the library's timeline says 1970…
Mishawaka
- 1914–2026The federation line: federated giving → community chest → United Way — with the Indiana line's own dates printed as the record gives them, conflict and all
The succession, and the conflict inside it: The national succession — federation, community chest, United Fund, United Way — is the shape every local line of this kind followed, and the Indiana corporation's own published tradition claims the line's start here in 1914: its published account states that it has…
Granger
- 1914–2026The federation line: the county's United Way, from 1914 to the present holder
The federation that covers Olive Township is the county's, and its own account dates it to 1914.
New Carlisle
- 1914–todayCavemen basketball — two state finals trips a century apart from the drought's bookends
The finals trips: The IHSAA Boys Basketball Records Book's appearances table gives Mishawaka exactly two State Finals appearances: 1914 and 1927.
Mishawaka
- 1915Palace Theatre
Ground was broken on 26 May 1914, with a Thanksgiving opening hoped for; the house opened on 25 January 1915.
Fort Wayne
- 1915Carl Bennett — the man in whose front room the NBA was set in motion
The Fort Wayne Pistons' coach and general manager: Carl Bennett was born in Rockford, Indiana, on 7 December 1915, and came to Fort Wayne through sport.
Fort Wayne
- 1915The service clubs: Rotary and its company
Rotary: The Rotary Club of Fort Wayne was established on 9 January 1915, when 35 local business professionals and community leaders held their first meeting at the former Commercial Club on Harrison Street.
Fort Wayne
- 1915The Palace Theatre: the vaudeville palace that became the Civic's home
"One of the most beautiful playhouses in the middle west": The Palace Theatre, at 126 East Washington Boulevard at the corner of Clinton Street, was dedicated on January 25, 1915.
Fort Wayne
- 1915The vaudeville bills: what played here
The houses' comedy content: Fort Wayne's vaudeville houses are carried as buildings in the Theaters record — the Lyric on South Calhoun (opened October 12, 1908, a vaudeville-and-pictures house that by 1929 had become a burlesque house), the Palace (dedicated January 25, 1915, devoted at its opening exclusively to…
Fort Wayne
- 1915The Farmers banks — the Farmers Security Bank and the Farmers' Trust Company
The Farmers Security Bank built its banking house at 133 South Main in 1915, to the designs of the Chicago firm of Perkins, Fellows and Hamilton — a building that still stands.
South Bend
- 1915The Factors and the league that folded, 1915
The championship: The 1915 South Bend Factors won the championship of the Southern Michigan League — by then styled the Southern Michigan Association — finishing first at 44–24 under manager Ed Smith, well clear of second-place Battle Creek.
South Bend
- 1915The Blue Sox and Factors: Open Items
The Factors' name and line: The reason for the 1915 champions' name — Factors — is stated in no source, as it was not in the Sports pass; settling source, named: the South Bend press of the spring of 1915.
South Bend
- 1915Circus Day Was in South Bend: June 1915
When the circus came to the valley in June 1915, it pitched across the line — and the South Bend News-Times recorded what Mishawaka did about it.
Mishawaka
- 1915Built-environment reversals and industrial survivals: the church that left by rail, the elevator, the living sign
St. Mary's Episcopal church, New Carlisle's Episcopal building, was moved by rail out of town in 1915 and re-erected in East Chicago as the Church of the Good Shepherd — a congregation's whole building riding the same railroad corridor that built the town, printed here from the banked parish record.
New Carlisle
- 1915The volunteer department: a 1915 founding, at its carrier's strength
The town's department is the Liberty Township Volunteer Fire Department, and its founding year in print is 1915.
North Liberty
- 1915–1916The building: Wickes's Jacobethan library, opened 5 May 1916
The design: "By May of 1915 architect A. F. Wickes of Gary was chosen to design the library. The history on the architect and previous commissions is unknown as is the reason for choosing an out-of-town architect from Gary."
Mishawaka
- 1915–1933Albert Russel Erskine — the chief executive the Depression killed
He succeeded Fred Fish as president of Studebaker in July 1915 and ran the company as a growth enterprise for eighteen years: he consolidated the Detroit operations into South Bend, built the great South Bend plant of the 1920s, launched the small car that bore his own name — the Erskine Six, introduced in Paris in 1926…
South Bend
- 1915–1954The chief as casualty and the chiefs as rescuers: Erskine, the receivership, and Hoffman and Vance
Albert Russel Erskine, president from July 1915, is the Depression's chief-as-casualty in the American record's plainest form: he resigned on 18 March 1933 when the Studebaker Corporation went into receivership…
Osceola
- 1915–1971Charles H. Kuhl: the private Patton slapped
The tie, exactly: Charles Herman Kuhl was born November 6, 1915, the son of Herman F. Kuhl, a Mishawaka casket maker, and he died in Mishawaka; the standard accounts, including the Indiana historian Ray E. Boomhower's, call him a Mishawaka native.
Mishawaka
- 1915–2017Muck, Mint, and Truck Crops — County-Proven, Township-Unproven
Farmers' Bulletin 694 (1915) carries the mint culture of drained marsh muck — and a name trap this section prints to prevent error: the bulletin's first United States peppermint plantation of 1835 stood in St. Joseph County, Michigan , not this county.
Lakeville
- 1915–todayUniforms and counters · the firsts of the service record
Counters and offices: The Smiley Collection's firsts run across the century — William Smith , the first African American federal employee in Fort Wayne (1915)…
Fort Wayne
- 1915–todayThe Carnegie Library as a building: the Jacobethan exception
Its architect was A. F. Wickes of Gary, chosen by May 1915 — the nomination states plainly that his history and previous commissions are unknown, as is the reason an out-of-town architect was chosen, and this chapter prints the unknown with the building.
Mishawaka
- 1915–todayTelephone, electric, and the utilities as businesses
A municipal utility also stands inscribed: the City Hall building carries "North Liberty Water Co. 1915" beside "CITY HALL 1915" (the nomination), registered here for completeness.
North Liberty
- 1915–todayCivic buildings at anchor
Town Hall of 1915 stands in the district inventory at its Main Street address in the town's early government; the present seat of government is Town Hall at 300 South Main Street, where the clerk-treasurer's office sits (banked government section).
North Liberty
- 1916Polio · the summer of 1916
The 1916 poliomyelitis epidemic — 27,000 cases and 6,000 deaths across the country, Griswold records — reached Indiana, and Fort Wayne's authorities forbade the congregation of all persons sixteen years of age and under: no school, no Sunday school, no theatres, no places of assemblage of any kind.
Fort Wayne
- 1916The institutions: bureau, co-op, extension, 4-H
The teaching arm arrived with the extension system: Indiana appointed its first county agricultural agent in 1912, the Smith-Lever Act federalized the work in 1914, and Allen County's own extension household organized early — the Allen County Extension Homemakers date their beginning to 1916.
Fort Wayne
- 1916Boy Scouts: the Anthony Wayne Area Council
Lineage: Scouting's Fort Wayne council line runs, in the Boy Scouts of America's own council records, Fort Wayne Council (1916–1924), Allen County Council (1924–1925), then the Anthony Wayne Area Council, council number 157, headquartered in Fort Wayne.
Fort Wayne
- 1916Harter Heights: the automobile suburb by the campus
The first subdivision laid between the city and the Notre Dame campus was filed in 1916: the Harter Heights Addition, marketed for suburban living in the ground between downtown and the university, stands in the federal historic-preservation record under the "Historic Residential Suburbs" theme for 1908 to 1945…
South Bend
- 1916Rum Village: a chief's name on a neighborhood
The city acquired the park property in 1916, and the neighborhood that grew around it — southwest, north of West Ewing Avenue and west of South Main Street — is Rum Village still.
South Bend
- 1916Indiana University South Bend — the Public University in the Web
Indiana University’s first South Bend extension class met in the spring of 1916, in the IU Archives’ account by Furlong; the university’s Bicentennial history dates the first classes at Central High School to 1922…
South Bend
- 1916The Historic Pageant of St. Joseph County, 1916
The occasion: Indiana's centennial of statehood in 1916 was kept county by county, and St. Joseph County kept it as a pageant — the era's civic theater, in which a community acted its own history outdoors before itself.
South Bend
- 1916Playland Park: the oval inside the amusement park
A race track was added in 1916. Pete Redden became the park's manager in 1924 — the Clio entry says he bought it in 1925 — and renamed it Playland Park by a public contest.
South Bend
- 1916The archive-keeping: pageants, voices and survey cards
The keeping begins as performance and print: South Bend's first great heritage projects were the anniversaries' books: the Historic Pageant of St. Joseph County of October 1916, whose printed pageant book fixed the county's story in scenes, and the Chamber of Commerce's souvenir volume South Bend, World Famed of 1923…
South Bend
- 1916The anniversaries as heritage acts
The Historic Pageant of 1916 left its printed book. The centennial of 1923 left its souvenir volume and, five years later, the Rotary marker of the self-marking entry.
South Bend
- 1916Work dress: H. D. Lee's South Bend factory
In 1916 the company opened two more factories, in Kansas City, Missouri, and in South Bend, Indiana.
South Bend
- 1916South Bend Country Club
The club's own account and the state golf record agree on the essentials: established in 1916 on rolling ground beside the Chain O'Lakes, at 25800 Country Club Drive, its eighteen holes designed by the Chicago architect George O'Neil.
South Bend
- 1916The Gillette: the 1916 car on the Amplex ground
Doyle's register seats the succession in the Amplex entry itself — "Simplex Motor Car Co.; Gillette Motors Co. — Mishawaka, Ind." — and his commentary note settles what the second company made there: "1916 car called Gillette."
Mishawaka
- 1916The Miami Country Club, 1916–1920 — and the directory that keeps it alive in 1921
The club: In May 1916 a second country club opened on the same bluff property: the Miami Country Club. It played the ground four years.
Mishawaka
- 1916The first show: the South Bend and Mishawaka Auto Trade Association, 1916
The show: The first automobile show of any consequence in the two cities opened on Wednesday, 3 May 1916, and it was a Mishawaka event as much as a South Bend one.
Mishawaka
- 1916Consumer Technology: The Pump Listing, Tested — and a Searched Negative Beyond It
The 1916–17 Polk Gazetteer entry for New Carlisle ends its business roll with “Miller James W, pumps.”
New Carlisle
- 1916The funeral line, 1916–1928: the congregation's last services
In October 1916 the funeral of Susan Wells was held "from the residence and at 2.30 o'clock from the Ullery church, Rev Cripe officiating.
Indian Village
- 1916–1917The 1916–17 census of firms: five listings, two grocers — and the mills gone
The village of 1916 is a food-and-hardware village: two grocers (Carroll and Curtis — the second a name the township roll has carried since the first settler lists, James Curtis's family, though the record does not state the descent and none is asserted), one general store that also sold the farm implements the…
Osceola
- 1916–1917The directory of 1916–17 — Polk's entry transcribed whole
The one newspaper is Endley's: William A. Endley had purchased the Visitor from H. S. Mintle in 1887, renamed it the Walkerton Independent , enlarged it to a seven-column quarto, and in 1905 housed it in a new cement building, 60 by 28 feet, with a power outfit and two job rotary presses, at a circulation of 1,500 (Howard)…
Walkerton
- 1916–1917The directory era — Foster, Waynick, and Borden the dentist
The 1916 canvass carries the practice line at three chairs. Frank H. Foster, physician; Joseph B. Waynick, physician; Isaac W. Borden, dentist — the whole of the town's professional health roll in Polk's 1916–17 entry, with Francis D. Warner's drugs and notions as the trade's dispensing counter beside them.
New Carlisle
- 1916–1917Dry Before Prohibition — the Saloon Was Gone by 1916, and the Temperance Record Is a Settler's Name
The empty 1916–17 Polk line (article lk-digd-bc4) dates the end; whether it came by local-option vote, licence refusal, or a keeper's simple retirement is not in any record read.
Lakeville
- 1916–1917The Dairy Township — One Directory Line, and a Documented Negative Around It
First, the directory fact: Polk's 1916–17 gazetteer entry for Lakeville names the Producers Union Dairy Co. among the town's handlers (Exports carries the handler line whole) — a dairy company standing in the town, at directory strength, in 1916–17.
Lakeville
- 1916–1917Earl Jennings — the Station Agent the Roster Passed By
Polk's 1916–17 Lakeville entry (p. 776) carries the line "Jennings Earl, r r exp and tel agt" — Earl Jennings, railroad, express and telegraph agent.
Lakeville
- 1916–1917The 1916–17 Shoemaker Who Exists Only in the Classified List — a Correction
The businesses fragment states that no shoemaker stands in 1916–17. That is correct at town-entry strength — the p. 776 entry names none — and it is corrected at classified strength: Polk's 1916–17 classified Shoemakers list (pt.
Lakeville
- 1916–1917Coal — the Trade That Never Had a Yard
Polk's 1916–17 town entry (p. 776) carries "Ducy Wm M, genl store and coal" and "Moore Alexander, hdwe and coal" — Moore corroborated in the classified Hardware, Etc. list (pt.
Lakeville
- 1916–1917The first garage and the livery bridge: Kloppenstein, Garrett, Bailey
The garage: O. H. Kloppenstein's garage line in the 1916–17 bench is the town's sole automobile line in any directory the build holds — one garage, and no automobile dealer named in any edition (the gazetteer's own count, garages one, dealers none).
Lakeville
- 1916–1917The First Census — Polk 1916–17: Garages 1, Automobile Dealers 0
The 1916–17 Lakeville entry is the first directory census of the town's auto age, and its whole auto-trade listing is one line: "Kloppenstein O. H., garage."
Lakeville
- 1916–1917The one hard figure class: bank capital
R. L. Polk & Co.'s Indiana Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1916–1917 lists the North Liberty State Bank at a capital of $25,000, with Isaac Reamer as president and A. C. Steele as cashier — the banked banks section carries the line whole, with its transcription variance.
North Liberty
- 1916–1917The market line: a grain buyer in town, and the South Bend market
Polk's 1916–17 directory lists Finch Bros, grain and feed, among North Liberty's businesses, with the North Liberty Lumber & Coal Co. beside it — a grain-and-feed dealer proven in town, printed as exactly that and not as an elevator; the elevator's own course is dug in the businesses leg.
North Liberty
- 1916–1917The first sellers: the 1916–17 census, with its count — garages 1, dealers 0
Polk's 1916–17 gazetteer's whole auto-trade listing for the town is "Barnes Roland C, garage" — and no "automobiles" dealer entry at all: garages 1, automobile dealers 0 named.
North Liberty
- 1916–1917The town test — no bank was ever seated in Roseland
The 1916–17 gazetteer carries no Roseland town entry at all — no bank, and nothing else (the neighbouring Walkerton entry, with two banks, shows the carrier did reach towns of this size).
Roseland
- 1916–1917The first census — silence in the directory, garages in the code
On one side: the 1916–17 gazetteer gives the town no entry at all — zero garages or dealers listed, none named — and the 1921 Polk South Bend directory's street guide, read directly, runs its Michigan Street only as far north as the South Bend city-limit area…
Roseland
- 1916–1917One ambiguous line — the "Carr O L" livery item
It prints because the livery trade is the auto trade's predecessor — a liveryman of 1916 is where a garage of 1927 comes from — and because an unresolved item printed is worth more than a plausible one promoted.
Roseland
- 1916–1918George E. Ganiere: the general's second sculptor
The commission: The Anthony Wayne monument was decided in 1916, and it was not, at first, Ganiere's.
Fort Wayne
- 1916–1921The agents of record, at directory size
The agency on Main Street: the state's own business directory, R. L. Polk & Co.'s Indiana Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1916–1917, enters the trade in its Mishawaka list in one line — "Schindler A J & J W, ins, 215 S Main"…
Mishawaka
- 1916–1926Printers — the Paper Verified Past Its Directory Life; the Printer Still Unnamed
Polk's 1916–17 town entry lists the Lakeville Standard (weekly) with no publisher named.
Lakeville
- 1916–1941St. Augustine's · a parish founded because the others were closed
Black Catholics from Pascagoula build their own parish: In 1916 several African American Catholic families moved to South Bend from Pascagoula, Mississippi , and found what Black Protestants had found two generations earlier: the city's existing churches, organized around European immigrant groups, offered them segregation or exclusion.
South Bend
- 1916–1949The First Show, and the First Postwar Canvass — One Gap Named, One Limb Closed
The census limb of this item stands whole in the banked file — Polk 1916–17, garages 1, automobile dealers 0 — and its companion limbs print at their opposite strengths: the show as a searched negative, the postwar canvass as a named gap.
Lakeville
- 1916–1977The origin ground: fairgrounds racing and the oval inside Playland Park, each dated
Playland Park, South Bend — bounded by the St. Joseph River, Ironwood Drive and Lincolnway East — began as the trolley park Springbrook Park in 1880; a race track was added in 1916; Pete Redden became manager in 1924 and the park took the Playland name.
Osceola
- 1916–1991The industrial buildings as architecture: the elevator, the steel plants, and the absent brewery
Zahl's Elevator & Feed Mill, 301 East Michigan Street: the corridor's industrial landmark, a working grain elevator standing on the town's main street where the Farmers Grain Co stood in the 1916 directory…
New Carlisle
- 1916–2022The Christmas tree, in three separate eras
On December 22, 1916, the South Bend News-Times covered the city's "Third Annual Christmas Tree Celebration" on the Court House lawn: the tree donated by Mrs. J. C. Ranch from a farm north of the city, its lights fed by current from the Indiana & Michigan Electric Company, tableaux of the Nativity presented beside it.
South Bend
- 1916–2024The peoples' own houses: Hungary, and the House of Friendship
Hungarian immigrants who worked in the Studebaker factory worshipped at Our Lady of Hungary, which began in 1916 as a mission of St. Stephen's Hungarian parish, moved in 1923 to make room for the expanding Studebaker foundry, and dedicated its present church at Christmas 1949.
South Bend
- 1916–2026Taxis and the for-hire trade
R. L. Polk & Co.'s Indiana Gazetteer for 1916–1917 enters, in its Mishawaka list, the City Transfer Co (A. M. Bailey and A. Weiss), 103 E. Lincoln Highway, and the Mishawaka Transfer Co (W. H. and J. R. Jordan), 118 S. Main, with Geo.
Mishawaka
- 1916–2026The anchor firms' own pictures: tested by name, negative per firm
The town's one industrial firm of the film age at anchor size is the creamery: Crystal Springs Creamery Co. stands in the Indiana gazetteer's Osceola entry for 1916–17, and Howard's sketch of George E. Moon names him "president, treasurer and salesman of the Crystal Springs Creamery" on his 240-acre Penn Township farm.
Osceola
- 1916–2026Dentists and drugs after the bands: one dental address in conflict, one pharmacy seat
After Scutt (1884–85) and Dowell and Ross (1916–17), the directories swept for this section surface exactly one Walkerton dental seat: Glenn J. Wisnieski, DDS, at 409 Roosevelt Rd, Walkerton…
Walkerton
- 1916–2026Natural gas and the wires — NIPSCO by tariff; the telephone course thin
Telephone and internet print at their true, small size: the 1916 directory header carries "Tel., W. U." — telephone and Western Union telegraph at the railroad — and the express lines "Am. and Wells Fargo & Co." beside it…
New Carlisle
- 1916–2026The Street Record's Missing Limbs, and the Cruise That Left No Print
The street record as banked: U.S. 31 on Michigan Street from 1 October 1926 to 26 August 2014, eighty-eight years of a metropolitan through-route on a two-lane main street (Main Roads & Corridors lk-cor-us31), and the first garage, Kloppenstein O. H., in the 1916–17 canvass (Dealerships lk-dlr-first-census).
Lakeville
- 1916–2026Franchise Points Checked and Not Found
No dealership founded long ago and still operating in Lakeville was proven in any carrier reached; there is therefore no founding-to-present house history to print at full size, and the 1916–17 garage (Kloppenstein O. H.) is not shown by any carrier reached to have become a sales house, let alone a surviving one.
Lakeville
- 1916–2026The founding bankers as a roll; the modern chiefs tested
The North Liberty State Bank's documented officers — Isaac Reamer, president, and A. C. Steele, cashier, in the 1916–17 Polk gazetteer (banks leg) — are the first bank's chiefs at the strength of that line…
North Liberty
- 1916–todayConcordia Lutheran High School — the Luther Institute line
Founded: 1916, as the Luther Institute, founded by Fort Wayne's Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod congregations as a two-year business secondary school teaching typing, shorthand, business law and Bible.
Fort Wayne
- 1916–todayIndiana University South Bend
The extension years: Indiana University began teaching in South Bend in the spring of 1916, when it offered its first extension class in the city — a six-dollar class, in the university's bicentennial telling.
South Bend
- 1916–today
- 1916–todayRum Village Park: The Woodland Purchase and Its New Plan
Lead: Rum Village is the system's great woodland, and it came by purchase, not gift: the department's chronology records, in the middle of the First World War, "1916 — Rum Village Park acquired for $45,000."
South Bend
- 1916–todayThe Carpathian community: the parish that left, and came back
Mishawaka's smallest complete community kept its own name for itself: St. Michael the Archangel parish, at 712 East Lawrence Street, was founded in 1916…
Mishawaka
- 1917The city answers · Lexington Day and the first spring
The United States declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917. Fort Wayne's first answer, as Griswold records it, came thirteen days later.
Fort Wayne
- 1917The councils · from Patriotic Service to the Council of Defense
On 27 June 1917 Judge John W. Eggeman, acting at the request of Governor James E. Goodrich, appointed those same officers — together with Fred S. Hunting, the Rev. A. J. Folsom, and Mrs. George Evans — as the Allen County Council of Defense, the county arm of the Indiana Council of Defense.
Fort Wayne
- 1917Registration day · the draft comes to Fort Wayne
On the evening of 4 June 1917, nearly 6,000 people marched in a "Liberty" parade on the eve of registration. The next day, 5 June, the young men of Fort Wayne between twenty-one and thirty-one presented themselves under the selective conscription act: 7,785 registered in the city.
Fort Wayne
- 1917A hospital of its own · Unit M
Hospital Unit M was formed in early May 1917: twelve physicians and twenty-one graduate nurses under Miss Elizabeth E. Springer, financed by a fund of $6,250 raised from twenty-five individuals and firms.
Fort Wayne
- 1917The other purses · the YMCA and Catholic war funds
The Knights of Columbus Catholic War Fund, taken in late July 1917, raised over $9,000 in Allen County — second in the state only to Marion County — under general chairman Maurice C. Niezer, with every Catholic parish in the county organized by districts for the canvass.
Fort Wayne
- 1917Alien enemies · the registration of 1917
President Wilson's proclamation of 6 April 1917 defined every unnaturalized German resident of fourteen years and upward as an "alien enemy."
Fort Wayne
- 1917War gardens · the city plants its vacant lots
Putting the food up was the women's half of the campaign: canning demonstrations began on 25 June 1917 under Mrs. J. G. Schwarz of the Woman's Club League and Miss Alma Garvin of Purdue, and from 23 July the "cold pack" demonstrations ran at the Scottish Rite Cathedral.
Fort Wayne
- 1917Hands for the war · women in the shops, boys in the fields
In early August 1917, E. E. Greist, master mechanic of the Pennsylvania Railroad, appealed for one hundred women to work in the road's main shops, east shops, and roundhouses at Fort Wayne.
Fort Wayne
- 1917Eastern time · the city's wartime clock
On 1 May 1917 the common council voted, fourteen to one, to adopt the "daylight saving" plan, and on Saturday, 12 May 1917, the city set its clocks one hour ahead.
Fort Wayne
- 1917Magnavox (The Magnavox Company — Fort Wayne)
Founded (company): Predecessor 1911 , Napa, California; The Magnavox Company formed 5 July 1917.
Fort Wayne
- 1917The American Red Cross in Allen County
Founding: The Allen County chapter dates itself to the First World War: on 22 January 1917 a letter reached the Allen County Chapter House formally decreeing it a chapter of the American Red Cross — months before the United States entered the war.
Fort Wayne
- 1917The city that voted itself an hour east
The vote: On 1 May 1917, ten months before Congress passed any standard-time law at all, the Fort Wayne common council voted fourteen to one to move the city's clocks an hour ahead — adopting, in effect, Eastern time on its own authority.
Fort Wayne
- 1917The city answers · the first spring
The United States declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917. South Bend's war began, as the state's did, with the building of machinery — councils, boards, and committees whose rosters fill the entries below — and the News-Times of 14 July 1917 preserves the note its leading citizen struck at the start.
South Bend
- 1917The councils · the county's war machinery
The Woman's Section of the Indiana State Council of Defense was first headed by Mrs. Caroline Fairbanks; on her illness and resignation, Mrs. Anne Studebaker Carlisle of South Bend — Clement Studebaker's daughter, styled in the section's report as Mrs. Anne (Charles A.) Studebaker Carlisle…
South Bend
- 1917The Second Loan · the million that was never credited
The campaign's climactic rally was remembered in a South Bend report Greenough preserves as "the biggest indoor meeting ever held in South Bend" — the loan drives were mass theater as well as finance, and this city's theater, in October 1917, had never been bigger.
South Bend
- 1917The wartime clock · back to Central time
The smallest change the war made in South Bend's daily life is dated by the News-Times of 14 July 1917. The city had been keeping "fast time" that spring — the local version of the daylight-saving experiments the war set off across the country — and gave it up in the war's first summer.
South Bend
- 1917Communal Institutions: The Hebrew Institute, the Federation, Family Services, and the Cemeteries
The Hebrew Institute: The Hebrew Institute Society was founded in 1917, and in 1920 it built a large building at 420 South Franklin Street at a cost of $25,000.
South Bend
- 1917Ernest M. Morris — the banker who rescued the bank
The Morris Plan Company of South Bend, an industrial-loan company on the Morris Plan system, was incorporated in 1915, and in 1917 he founded the company that became the Associates Investment Corporation, a pioneer of automobile consumer finance…
South Bend
- 1917Magyar Hall · the fire of 19 August 1917 and the man not found
The immigrant city's social center burned in a night, and the morning paper could not close the story: In the night of 18–19 August 1917, Magyar Hall on Chapin Street — the Hungarian societies' hall, built in 1910, with its theater, dance floor, club rooms, store and saloon — was destroyed by fire.
South Bend
- 1917The Guard is drafted, and the 3rd Regiment becomes artillery
The First World War reorganized South Bend's Guard line out of the infantry altogether: The Indiana National Guard was drafted into federal service on 5 August 1917 and reassigned at Camp Shelby, Mississippi, into the 38th Division.
South Bend
- 1917The Man in the Hall: Mike Muszar, 1917
The documented facts: In the night of Saturday, 18 August 1917, Magyar Hall on Chapin Street — the Hungarian societies' hall, built in 1910, holding a theater, a dance floor, club rooms, a store and a saloon — burned.
South Bend
- 1917The mutual-aid societies: the enclaves insure themselves
The south-side Italian community's center was the DeAmicis Mutual Aid Society, founded in 1917, which built its social hall at the northwest corner of Spring and Eleventh Streets in 1928 — a building the commissioned history records, in the present tense, that "the club continues to use today."
Mishawaka
- 1917The city answers: council of defense, registration days, and the draft boards
The frame: Indiana's State Council of Defense was organized May 19, 1917, by Governor J. P. Goodrich at the request of the Council of National Defense, and the system ran downward — state council, county councils, and beneath them township councils.
Mishawaka
- 1917The election of 1917: a missing sum, a draft board, and two Belgians shot
The charges, as the campaign made them: The government record of this history prints the election of 1917 as a succession fact — Mayor Ralph W. Gaylor, a Republican, survived it and held his office.
Mishawaka
- 1917The DeAmicis club: the Italian south side's hall
The DeAmicis Mutual Aid Society, founded in 1917, was the south side's center, and in 1928 the society built its social hall at the northwest corner of Spring and Eleventh Streets…
Mishawaka
- 1917The Carnegie grant: $9,000, September 14, 1917
New Carlisle's library building was Carnegie money, granted in the last season of the giving: $9,000, dated September 14, 1917, for a building at 124 East Michigan Street.
New Carlisle
- 1917–1918The First World War · Battery D and the county's war
Two batteries of the 150th Field Artillery — Batteries B and D — were Fort Wayne batteries, serving in the 42nd "Rainbow" Division under Colonel Robert Tyndall through six major engagements; the division went overseas in October 1917, and the county's Gold Star entries give Battery D's embarkation as 18 October 1917.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–1918The speakers · the Four-Minute Men in brief
In Indiana the work ran through the state speakers' bureau, which, Greenough records, was cooperating with the newly organized Four-Minute Men by May 1917, and a four-minute man addressed factory meetings in Indiana war plants during the loan campaigns.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–1918The Red Cross drives · the chapter's war chest
The Fort Wayne chapter's institutional history — its charter of 22 January 1917, its workrooms, its nurses — is told in Charities.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–1918The women on the rolls
Hospital Unit M, organized at Fort Wayne in May 1917 — twelve physicians and twenty-one graduate nurses under Elizabeth E. Springer, directed first by Major Miles F. Porter and then by Dr. Allen Hamilton — is told in the home-front record, and the unit's two nurses who did not come home are carried in the Wars and Charities records.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–1918Registration and the boards · the draft at home
The News-Times of 14 July 1917 announced the city boards' headquarters at the Farmers' Trust building, open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
South Bend
- 1917–1918The Red Cross at war · the chapter's war work
The St. Joseph County chapter's institutional line — its organization in the spring of 1917, its first members, and the June 1917 war fund drive, in which the county's quota was $70,000, $22,900 was in hand after two days, and the Studebaker Corporation's $3,000 led the contributor list of 20 June 1917 — is told in Charities.
South Bend
- 1917–1918The other purses · at the size the record gives
The YMCA's war work fund campaigns of November 1917 and the autumn of 1918, the YWCA's and the Salvation Army's war drives, and the Knights of Columbus fund all ran in this city as they ran in every city in the state, through the institutions whose local histories are carried in Charities.
South Bend
- 1917–1918Food · 15,615 gardens
In the October 1917 Hoover pledge canvass the city's women had organized the work street by street, dividing South Bend into districts for the signing.
South Bend
- 1917–1918The home front of the First World War: a million dollars in a minute
The Red Cross chapter: The same October page carries the town's Red Cross account: final payments on pledges to the second Red Cross war fund fell due on October 1, 1918, payments were coming in well, and "the Mishawaka chapter will again be a 100 percent chapter"…
Mishawaka
- 1917–1918The First World War: the county's roll swept, and the townships not named in it
That does not prove the townships buried no one in 1917–18; it proves the roll cannot show it, because a Harris Prairie farmer's son who enlisted at South Bend stands in the book as a South Bend clerk or a South Bend farmer.
Granger
- 1917–1918The county answers: mobilization, the Council of Defense pattern, and the draft that never sat in the townships
The machine, as Indiana built it: When the nation went to war in April 1917, Indiana answered through a council system.
Granger
- 1917–1918The county answers: mobilization, the Council of Defense system, registration and the draft boards at home
The first spring, in the county's own paper: the United States declared war on 6 April 1917, and the South Bend News-Times of Sunday 15 April 1917 already shows a county mobilizing on every page the OCR preserves: 25,000 Red Cross membership pledge cards going out through the churches for a three-day campaign for…
Granger
- 1917–1918The First World War: a Gold Star roll with no Osceola name on it
Both absences are printed as findings with their searches; the settlers are named in the closing register (the service-card index by residence; the South Bend Tribune 's 1917–19 files).
Osceola
- 1917–1918The First World War: one Gold Star name — Sergeant Floyd Ellis Roderick
Enlisted in U.S. Regular Army in April, 1917, Denver, Colo. Sent to Ft. Thomas, Ky.; assigned to Company D, 2nd Engineers.
Walkerton
- 1917–1918The First World War: the County's 109 Recounted, and the Township's One
The machinery that took him sat in South Bend, and its record is the county's, proved in the county's own paper: the South Bend News-Times of 14 July 1917 (p. 3, read whole) prints the exemption-board organisation of the first draft — South Bend's Division No. 1 (Farmers' Trust Building, rooms 304–306; chairman Harry K. Tyler…
Lakeville
- 1917–1919The war's rolls, and the flu
Fort Wayne's own battery went early: Battery D of the 150th Field Artillery, an Indiana National Guard battery enlisted at Fort Wayne, sailed with the 42nd (Rainbow) Division in October 1917…
Fort Wayne
- 1917–1919The loans · five drives and a county that started slow
The First Loan headquarters opened on 4 June 1917 in the former rooms of the Hamilton National Bank, with E. H. McDonald in charge.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–1919Loyalty's local edge · what the record shows, and what it does not
What the records searched for this section do not show is equally part of the record: no prosecution of a Fort Wayne resident under the Espionage Act of 1917 or the Sedition Act of 1918 appears in them.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–1919War work · the women's half of two home fronts
The Fort Wayne chapter of the Red Cross, chartered 22 January 1917, ran its workrooms, canteen and drives substantially through women's teams: in the roll-call campaign after the armistice the women's teams netted 85 percent of the $26,399.25 subscribed, and the chapter's own history, Isabelle H. Taylor's War Work of…
Fort Wayne
- 1917–1919Loyalty's local edge · what the record shows, and what it does not
What the records searched for this section do not show is stated as plainly: no prosecution of a South Bend or St. Joseph County resident under the Espionage Act of 1917 or the Sedition Act of 1918 appears in them, and no South Bend division of the American Protective League is documented in the record reached.
South Bend
- 1917–1919The First World War · the Guard goes back, and the county goes with it
The county's standing company went to war a third time under a new name: South Bend's National Guard company — the Company F of 1898's lineage — entered federal service in 1917 and was reorganized as the Supply Company of the 137th Field Artillery…
South Bend
- 1917–1919The loans, drive by drive: First, Second, Third and Victory
First Liberty Loan (campaign May 14–June 15, 1917): county chairman Rome C. Stephenson. The final state-headquarters bank report, as Greenough prints it, gives St. Joseph County a quota of $1,959,000 and subscriptions of $4,669,300.
Mishawaka
- 1917–1919The wartime clock and the homecoming
The South Bend News-Times of July 14, 1917 reports the South Bend Ministerial Association, meeting at the YMCA on Friday evening, July 13, resolving that on the following Sunday all the churches of South Bend and Mishawaka would return to Central standard time…
Mishawaka
- 1917–1919The loans, drive by drive — as far as the official record splits them
The drives that stay gapped: The First Loan (1917), the Second Loan (fall 1917) and the Victory Loan (1919) could not be closed for St. Joseph County from the parts of Greenough's record reached by this section, and no township quota or result for any of the five drives — the figures the banked paragraph most wanted…
Granger
- 1917–1919Thrift, the Red Cross, and the women's registration — the counted purses at the strength they survive
The women's registration — the counted pattern and the county's missing count: Indiana's women registered for war service in the spring of 1917 under the Woman's Franchise League's drive, Grace Julian Clarke supervising the processing of the registration cards, and the system grew teeth in October 1917 with the…
Granger
- 1917–1919The loans whole, drive by drive: what the state's official history proves, and where the township figures stop
Drive by drive, at the strength Greenough and the press together reach for this county: First Liberty Loan (May–June 1917; state quota as finally announced $40,000,000…
Granger
- 1917–1919Thrift, Red Cross and the other purses at counted size; women's registration; food and the fuel winter
The membership campaign of April 1917 opened with 25,000 pledge cards distributed through the churches for a drive for members beginning Thursday 19 April ( News-Times , 15 Apr. 1917; first members named in the paper: Mrs. F. M. Hatch for the women, Dr. George P. Morey for the men).
Granger
- 1917–1919Loyalty's edge, the wartime clock, the Armistice, the homecoming, and influenza at the edge
Loyalty's edge, at the strength the open record carries for this county: Indiana's loyalty machinery was state-built: Governor Goodrich's Indiana Liberty Guards…
Granger
- 1917–1919The Home Front Branch: the County's Loans, and the Township's Silence
No township line stands in any of the county's tables — the county's war purse was raised by county organisations, and Union Township's share of it, if it was ever separately kept, sits in the Historical Commission's county scrapbook ("St. Joseph County Indiana History European War," in the State Library's Indiana…
Lakeville
- 1917–1919All five loans: the First, Second and Fourth at county strength
Greenough's narrative follows the county week by week: by 7 June 1917 St. Joseph had reported its full quota met; on 14 June it topped the state percentage column at 204 percent with $4,000,000; on 15 June it claimed $4,250,000 — "$2,391,000 more than its quota," which puts the quota at $1,859,000…
Lakeville
- 1917–1919Thrift, counted — and the women's organisation of the loans
The residue is stated whole: no St. Joseph County or Union Township count was found in Greenough or any other carrier reached for the Red Cross, for the women's registration, for women in the county's factories, for the war gardens, or for the fuel winter…
Lakeville
- 1917–1919Main Market 1, Then State Road 1
The state took the road in 1917 and numbered it first among its highways. The line became Main Market Highway 1 in 1917 — the act was signed into law by the Governor on 7 March 1917, and the signs were installed on 1 June of that year.
Roseland
- 1917–1920The boundary cases, and the number the record does not carry
Harry R. Pomeranz settled in South Bend and worked in a South Bend shoe store when he enlisted; he died at El Paso, Texas, on April 30, 1917, from accidental causes, and was buried in the Jewish Cemetery at Mishawaka — South Bend's man, buried here, and counted in South Bend's roll.
Mishawaka
- 1917–1921The suffrage record: a county frame, a league organized from South Bend, and a named absence
The General Assembly of 1917 passed the Maston-McKinley Partial Suffrage Act, giving women the vote for presidential electors, for some state offices, and in municipal elections…
Mishawaka
- 1917–1921The Carnegie library as a building: 124 East Michigan Street
The town's best-documented civic building began as its library: the Carnegie building of 1921 at 124 East Michigan Street, raised on Andrew Carnegie's grant of 9,000 dollars dated 14 September 1917, and serving today as the Town Hall — the town governed out of its library.
New Carlisle
- 1917–19261917: Main Market Road No. 1 — the fate argument, corrected for this corridor
North Liberty's road missed all five of the 1917 market roads. Lakeville's road is one of them — and the difference must print exactly.
Lakeville
- 1917–1928The trade: Harvester's branch house, and the Fordson in the directory
An interior view dated 12 September 1917 shows the Maxwell Implement Company, an International Harvester dealership "under the jurisdiction of the company's South Bend branch house," its desks, literature racks, and cash register in place.
South Bend
- 1917–1935The 1917 Bank — One Charter, Three Names, and the Week It Closed With North Liberty's
The charter record is the Story of Lakeville section: Indiana Department of Banking record No. 516 , organized 31 December 1917 , in a town the schedules of its last years count at 333 people.
Lakeville
- 1917–1940The first wave and its reversal · 1917–1940
In 1917–18 , with war demand and postwar strikes pressing, a number of Fort Wayne manufacturers recruited Black workers from the South, and the city's Black population rose from 572 in 1910 to 1,454 in 1920 and an estimated 2,200 within two years.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–1941War work in cloth: raincoats and clothing lines at the boundary plant; no wartime cloth contract on this ground
For Clay and Harris townships the test is clean and it is a TESTED NEGATIVE: no plant, workshop, contract, subcontract or home-work clothing scheme seated in either township in 1917–18 or 1941–45 appears in the county histories, the record, the company record or the trade record searched.
Granger
- 1917–1941The wars at home, at spine strength: no camp, no war plant in the town — the county's purse, the valley's plants at boundary, and the flu's missing toll
In 1917–18 and again in 1941–45, Osceola's men trained at camps in other states, named in their own records in Wars; the town itself held no garrison, and the Story of Osceola section claims none.
Osceola
- 1917–1942Charles E. Bradley: the works' engineer, 1917–1942
It opens with process: No. 1,240,931, "Form for rubber articles," of 25 September 1917, assigned to the Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Company; then No. 1,271,843, "Manufacturing rubber footwear," filed 3 August 1917 and granted 9 July 1918…
Mishawaka
- 1917–1945The Red Cross chapter and the wartime drives
The same October 1918 newspaper page that carries the town's Fourth Liberty Loan triumph carries its Red Cross account: final payments on pledges to the second Red Cross war fund fell due on 1 October 1918, payments were coming in well, and "the Mishawaka chapter will again be a 100 percent chapter"…
Mishawaka
- 1917–1945War spikes at anchor size: a farm township's production, unsized by any carrier
No carrier reached sizes that production — no township bushel, herd, or contract figure for 1917–18 or 1941–45 stands in the farms record, the wars record, or the county histories as reached — and a peak cannot be charted from figures that do not exist in the record.
Lakeville
- 1917–1951Marion O'Brien Donovan: formed at the Lathe Works, patented from Connecticut
Marion O'Brien was born in this city on 15 October 1917, daughter of Miles W. O'Brien of the South Bend Lathe Works, and the biographies are unanimous on the formation: she spent a large part of her childhood inside the manufacturing plant her father and her uncle John ran, among men who, in the Smithsonian's summary…
South Bend
- 1917–1952The Two World Wars on Campus — Training Station, Influenza and the GI Surge
When the United States entered the First World War in April 1917, military training at Notre Dame was already a student tradition running back to the Continental Cadets of 1859.
Notre Dame
- 1917–1978Ted Strong: Born Here, Gone in Infancy, Great in Two Sports
Theodore Relighn Strong Jr. was born January 2 in South Bend — 1917, on the SABR biography's and the Baseball-Reference Bullpen's dating; one widely used reference prints 1914, and the conflict stands here rather than under the rug — and in June of his birth year the family moved to Chicago.
South Bend
- 1917–1981Joe Kuharich: Riley's Guard, Notre Dame's Coach
Joseph Lawrence Kuharich was born April 14, 1917, in South Bend, and played at James Whitcomb Riley High School before going to Notre Dame, where he was a guard from 1935 to 1937 under Elmer Layden — who rated him one of the best and smartest players he ever coached…
South Bend
- 1917–1998Marion Donovan: the diaper inventor, and a birthplace two institutions dispute
The dispute, printed first: Marion O'Brien Donovan was born on 15 October 1917, and this section cannot tell you where, because the institutions that know her best do not agree.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–2009The long narrowing: a half-century of removals, one line at a time
It began before the word existed: the Perkins Wind Mill & Engine Company went into receivership in 1917 and its remnant left for South Bend by 1925, killed, on the trade history's plain statement, by the decline of windmill and engine sales "as rural electrification reached the farms the windmills had served"…
Mishawaka
- 1917–2019Crusades and journalists: the Klan fight at full strength, the Pulitzer test, the bylines, the contraction
The suffrage fight ran on the same front pages a few years earlier (the News-Times' May and July 1917 mayoral-candidacy headlines are dug whole in the Women's History addendum, row #675), which is the pattern of this ground: the papers were the arena, not the spectators.
Osceola
- 1917–2021The chiefs who came here — a grouped record
Most of Fort Wayne's great companies were, at one time or another, run by men who arrived to run them: Frank Morgan Steers was the Magnavox Company's first president, from 1917, under founders Edwin S. Pridham and Peter L. Jensen, who had invented the moving-coil loudspeaker at their Napa laboratory.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–2026The corridor · East Central, Hanna Street, and the Green Book
The employers of record along the corridor were often families: Carl and Mamie Wilson , who came in 1917, ran a pool hall, an exterminating company and Wilson's Chicken Shack diner; Preston Lyons Sr. ran Lyon's Trucking Company from 1920 to 1975, the Douglas Cash Market in the 1940s and Lyon's Fish Market in the 1950s.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–2026Mike Muszar and the Magyar Hall fire — the coroner's index read whole; the question still open
The Mysteries file carries the fire whole from the South Bend News-Times of August 19, 1917: Magyar Hall, built in 1910 on Chapin Street, burned the night of August 18–19, 1917, at a loss of $15,000, the fire seated at the stage and switchboard on a defective-wiring theory…
South Bend
- 1917–2026The twentieth century: the stations went elsewhere
The wartime state force, 1917–1920: When the National Guard went into federal service for the First World War, Indiana raised a state force in its place — the Indiana Militia of the war years, an emergency body of the too-young, the deferred and the exempt, which guarded the home ground until the Guard came home.
Mishawaka
- 1917–2026Coeducation at Depth — the Merger, the Decision and the Fifty Years After
The base fragment opens its coeducation entry with the fact, and the depth begins by enlarging it: women had taken Notre Dame degrees every year since 1917, when two women crossed the commencement stage in the Scholastic's 1917 commencement issue's record…
Notre Dame
- 1917–todayBrotherhood Mutual Insurance Company
Founded: 1917, in Fort Wayne, by Albert Neuenschwander and his pastor, Aaron Souder, as a way for local churches to cover damage from fire and natural disasters.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–todayThe public lineage — IU Extension, Purdue Center, IPFW, and the 2018 split
Founded: Indiana University's Extension Center opened in Fort Wayne in 1917 with 142 students and 12 courses, on the third floor of the courthouse.
Fort Wayne
- 1917–todayThe Keepers of the Open File
The South Bend News-Times of 19 August 1917 sits digitized in Hoosier State Chronicles, Indiana's digital historic newspaper program, with Mike Muszar still missing in its last paragraph…
South Bend
- 1917–todayThe numbered succession on Lincolnway: State Road 2, US 33, State Road 933
The Lincoln Highway's pavement took numbers the way it had taken names: In 1917 the young state highway system numbered the east–west road through Mishawaka Main Market Route 2 — a route the route record notes was also known as the Lincoln Highway.
Mishawaka
- 1917–todayThe unchartered form: DeAmicis, DiLoreto, and the brotherhood circle
The DeAmicis Mutual Aid Society of 1917 carries the function in its corporate name — mutual aid: dues in, benefits out, the sick benefit and the burial money administered by the members themselves, in the hall the society built in 1928.
Mishawaka
- 1917–todayThe North Liberty Church of the Brethren, 1917 — In the Episcopal Building
The town's Brethren congregation was separated from the mother congregation in 1917 and worships still at 201 East Market Street, in the building bought from the Episcopalians.
North Liberty
- 1918American Art Textile Company (H. I. Pollak)
Founded: Incorporated 7 December 1918 with capital stock of $500,000; works at 920 Osage Street. Officers in the 1923 directory: H. I. Pollak, president; Fred Zollars, vice-president; G. F. Schauer, secretary; Harry Hilgemann, treasurer.
Fort Wayne
- 1918The food administrator · sugar, coal, and the winter of 1918
In the first week of January 1918 the county's sugar ran out: the Jasper Weekly Courier of 4 January printed the Fort Wayne item that the city's wholesale grocers were "without a grain of sugar in their warehouses," with little relief in sight until the Cuban crop arrived, and that Haffner was urging every person…
Fort Wayne
- 1918Three crosses in two wars · Chester John Hirschfelder
His first citation, as a captain in the 5th Machine Gun Battalion, 2d Division, near St. Etienne, France, on 4 October 1918, reads: "When an enemy machine gun was inflicting heavy casualties upon his company, Captain Hirschfelder crawled forward alone across a field exposed to heavy machine-gun fire and threw hand…
Fort Wayne
- 1918American Art Textile Company (Pollak) — the documented record
Founded: The American Art Textile Company was incorporated on 7 December 1918 with $500,000 capital, its works at 920 Osage Street.
Fort Wayne
- 1918The second wave of Black congregations: First Zion and Pilgrim Baptist
First Zion A.M.E. Zion Church was organized in 1918 with eleven members — the A.M.E. Zion connection, the denomination of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman, distinct from Turner Chapel's A.M.E. Church.
Fort Wayne
- 1918Prohibition's production side: crocks, barns and the Booze Room
The making goes indoors: Indiana's own prohibition law closed the legal trade on April 2, 1918, nearly two years before the nation followed; how that law was enforced here is the Crime section's story, told there and not repeated.
Fort Wayne
- 1918Herb Shriner: the Hoosier Humorist
The tie: Herb Shriner — born Herbert Arthur Schriner in Toledo, Ohio, on May 29, 1918 — was brought to Fort Wayne as a small child and raised here, a stronger tie than birth alone: this was his hometown in the formative sense, and he made it the substance of his act.
Fort Wayne
- 1918Workwear: gloves for the shops, socks for the army
The Woman in Industry Service's memorandum of October 1918, surveying the city's women workers, counted the Boss Glove Company employing 200 girls making work gloves, alongside the hosiery mills and the biscuit and lamp works — the clothing Fort Wayne made for other people's labor, produced by Fort Wayne labor.
Fort Wayne
- 1918The Third Loan · red fire on the rooftops
A week before the close the county stood at 48 percent of its allotment, "causing the state officials not a little worry," and it went "white" on the state map — the color of a quota made — only following a big Liberty Loan meeting of the South Bend Rotary Club on 1 May 1918.
South Bend
- 1918The Fourth Loan · the Volunteer Plan
Corporate money routed through the county included the International Harvester branch houses' subscriptions of $15,000 each, the South Bend branch among them, and a part of Armour & Co.'s roughly $35,000 Indiana allotment, directed to South Bend by the company's letter of 28 September 1918.
South Bend
- 1918The Mennonite conference · conscience, accommodated
Because a large share of Indiana's Mennonites lived in the northern tier, a conference was called at South Bend on 13 September 1918, bringing together representatives of the Mennonite church, the Liberty Loan chairmen of St. Joseph and Elkhart counties, and bankers.
South Bend
- 1918The fuel winter · Hardy, Carson, and the heatless Mondays
On Saturday, 12 January 1918, South Bend took what the News-Times called the worst storm in years: the whole Chicago Division of the New York Central in the grip of the blizzard, rail traffic tied up east and west, temperatures below zero.
South Bend
- 1918Alien enemies · the cards that were never claimed
Under the President's alien-enemy proclamation, German men not naturalized registered in February 1918 — the national registration ran 4–9 February — and in South Bend the registration was conducted at police headquarters, where each registrant was to call for his registration card.
South Bend
- 1918The Armistice · a seething mass of humanity
The news came by wire on the morning of 11 November 1918, and the News-Times — which with the Herald brought the first word of peace to South Bend — covered the city's answer the same day.
South Bend
- 1918The other war · the influenza autumn at the home front's edge
On 11 October 1918 Dr. Emil G. Freyermuth, the city's health officer, forbade all public gatherings until further notice: schools, theaters, clubs and churches closed, public funerals, meetings and dances canceled, the streetcars ordered to run with their windows open.
South Bend
- 1918The name made national: Rockne's Notre Dame
The factory city's other product was a football team, and in the 1920s it outsold the wagons: Knute Rockne coached Notre Dame from 1918 to 1930 and compiled the record by which college coaches are still measured: 105 wins, 12 losses, 5 ties — a winning percentage of .881…
South Bend
- 1918The influenza autumn of 1918: the toll, from the state board's own tables
The gap this closes: The epidemics record of this history prints the autumn of 1918 at state size — the closure order, the January 1920 return in the city's own press…
South Bend
- 1918Armistice Day, 1918: "great hilarity"
The day: The news that the armistice had been signed reached South Bend on Monday, November 11, 1918, and the city celebrated in the streets the same day.
South Bend
- 1918The 1918 wing, and the donor who would not be named
An addition constructed in 1918 more than doubled the facility's size, and the new wing was ready for occupancy in January 1919.
Mishawaka
- 1918The influenza autumn: the hospital under epidemic load, 1918
In the fall of 1918, Spanish influenza spread through Mishawaka as it spread through the country. From mid-October until 15 November, public gatherings in Mishawaka were prohibited, and churches and schools were closed.
Mishawaka
- 1918Pentecostal Beginnings: The Rowe Mission and the Tabernacle That Became Apostolic Temple
The congregation's own published history states: "Founded in 1918 by the late Bishop G.B. Rowe, Apostolic Temple Church (formerly known as Midway Gospel Tabernacle) has a rich history spanning more than a century," and the church kept its hundredth year of ministry in 2018.
Mishawaka
- 1918A million dollars in a minute: the Fourth Liberty Loan, 1918
When the Fourth Liberty Loan campaign closed in the town, the South Bend News-Times of October 6, 1918, recorded it on its Mishawaka page: the quota laid on Mishawaka and Penn Township together was eight hundred thousand dollars…
Mishawaka
- 1918Armistice Day, 1918: whistles in a closed city
The second is the frame the celebration happened inside: in the fall of 1918 the Spanish influenza had closed the culture entire — from mid-October to November 15 public gatherings were prohibited and churches and schools shut, in a city that counted more than three hundred cases and some twenty-five dead.
Mishawaka
- 1918The dry years: the moral fight Mishawaka fought as commerce
The law: Indiana enacted its own prohibition in 1917 and went dry in April 1918 under state law, ahead of the federal amendment — the crime record of this history carries the statute's course.
Mishawaka
- 1918Prohibition's places: the "Soft Drinks" page of 1921
The geography, not the war: Indiana went dry in April 1918 under its own statute, ahead of the national amendment, and stayed dry until national repeal on 5 December 1933.
Mishawaka
- 1918The dry years at the plant: The Arrow, soda, distilled water, and ice
From 1918 to 1933 the trade timeline lists cereal beverages — Arrow, K&S Special, the K&S Arrow Cereal Beverage, a K&S Bock Brew — root beer and root-beer syrup, K&S Grape, and a soft-drink and syrup line: Emral Julepy mint drink, Emral Mint Syrup, Julade orange drink and Julade Syrup.
Mishawaka
- 1918The wartime clock, the peace that wasn't, and 11 November 1918
In 1918 the county kept two new things at once: a new time, and a war that ended twice.
Lakeville
- 1918The Eastern Star, the Woodmen, and the orders in the wartime press
The assessment-insurance alphabet that the discipline sweeps — the tents, hives and camps of the benefit machine — surfaces for this town once in the sources reached, and vividly: the South Bend News-Times of 10 April 1918 (Hoosier State Chronicles) reports a Liberty Loan meeting of the Modern Woodmen of America to be…
North Liberty
- 1918Influenza 1918: the town named, the town bound, the toll uncounted
The Indiana State Archives' influenza chronology (compiled from the Indianapolis Star) records for 2 October 1918 that cases had appeared across Indiana in a list of named communities including, verbatim, "cases in South Bend, North Liberty, Walkerton, and other communities around Indiana"…
North Liberty
- 1918The Armistice: the county seat's scene; this town's unreached
South Bend's Armistice stands in the county seat's file at pointer: the News-Times of 11 November 1918 headlines the city joining "All America in Celebration" — factory whistles tied down for half an hour, the downtown "a seething [mass] of humanity," improvised bands and noisemaking contraptions…
North Liberty
- 1918–1919Thrift · War Savings Stamps and the 21-cent county
Polk's 1918 Fort Wayne directory carried the appeal as an advertisement: get a Thrift Stamp "to-day — at any post-office, bank or store."
Fort Wayne
- 1918–1919The canteen · coffee at the troop trains
In the latter part of July 1918 the Red Cross chapter's executive committee organized a canteen service for the trains.
Fort Wayne
- 1918–1919The arch and the homecoming · names on the square
In September 1918, while the last offensives were still being fought, a wooden memorial went up at the northeast corner of Berry and Calhoun — the record dates its erection to 28 September 1918…
Fort Wayne
- 1918–1919Thrift · the war savings state run from South Bend
For the whole of 1918, Indiana's thrift campaign was administered from this city.
South Bend
- 1918–1919Loyalty's edge, the wartime clock, and the Armistice: the war's end as this ground received it
The wartime clock, settled: The time-zone switch the checklist asks for was a war measure in the most literal sense: the Standard Time Act of 1918 (Public Law 65-106, March 19, 1918) imposed the nation's first daylight saving time to serve the war economy…
Granger
- 1918–1919Homecomings: the 1919 Welcome Home parade, and the record after
South Bend met the armistice in the streets on November 11, 1918 (South Bend News-Times, that day's issue), and it met the men with a parade the following spring.
Granger
- 1918–1920Influenza: the autumn of 1918, and the counted return of January 1920
Mishawaka's 1918 stands in the hospitals file, at anchor size here: in the fall of 1918 Spanish influenza put more than 300 Mishawakans sick at one time and killed approximately 25; public gatherings were prohibited from mid-October until 15 November, and churches and schools were closed.
Mishawaka
- 1918–1926Twelve thousand dealers: the network at its height
The measure of it: In 1918 Albert Russel Erskine, the corporation's president, wrote the company's history and addressed it, in his own preface, to the 3,000 stockholders of the Studebaker Corporation, "the 12,000 dealers in its products living throughout the world, its 15,000 employees and numberless friends."
South Bend
- 1918–1930Knute Rockne, head coach 1918–1930
He came up through Harper's teams as an end — he is the receiver of the 1913 Army game — and succeeded Harper as head coach in 1918.
Notre Dame
- 1918–1933Prohibition · the dry years, 1918–1933
National repeal came on December 5, 1933, and Centlivre and Berghoff resumed brewing; Fort Wayne's fourteen dry years, which had begun under Indiana's own law in 1918, were over.
Fort Wayne
- 1918–1933The Dry Years: The Bootlegging Economy
Indiana went dry on its own law in April 1918, nearly two years before national Prohibition, and South Bend's saloons — the geography of the 1870s killings — closed their legal trade.
South Bend
- 1918–1933Prohibition's Enforcement Record: The Still Raids of 1921
Indiana went dry in April 1918 under its own law, ahead of the national amendment, and stayed dry until national repeal on December 5, 1933.
Mishawaka
- 1918–1933The brewery that outlived Prohibition on soda pop
The survival: Indiana went dry in 1918, ahead of the nation, and Mishawaka's brewery simply changed what came out of the kettles.
Mishawaka
- 1918–1933The dry years in Penn Township
Indiana went dry before the nation did, its statewide prohibition law taking effect in April 1918, ahead of the federal amendment's January 1920 start and running to the national repeal of December 1933…
Osceola
- 1918–1933The dry years in Lincoln Township
Indiana went dry before the nation did, its statewide prohibition law taking effect in April 1918, ahead of the federal amendment's January 1920 start and running to the national repeal of December 1933…
Walkerton
- 1918–1933The dry years and the drug era: two tested negatives
That is a finding about the record reached, not about conduct in the township; the settling sources are the St. Joseph County court dockets for 1918–1933 and the federal prohibition-enforcement files for the Northern District of Indiana.
North Liberty
- 1918–1945Elizabeth "Liz" Richardson: the Clubmobile captain
The tie, exactly: Elizabeth Ann Richardson was born June 8, 1918, at Akron, Ohio, and raised in Mishawaka — a raised-here tie, and this city's own: she was a Mishawaka High School girl who went to Milwaukee-Downer College from 1936 to 1940 to study art and English, and who drew the "Beulah" cartoons her college remembered her by.
Mishawaka
- 1918–1991Ken Scott: the fashion gardener from Fort Wayne
The start: George Kenneth Scott was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1918 by his foundation's account (a scholarly essay on the Rizzoli monograph gives 1919, and the bracket is named here rather than silently settled), and he began, as this section requires, as a painter.
Fort Wayne
- 1918–1991The companies' cameras: Studebaker's archive and the unnamed staff photographer
The Indiana Historical Society in Indianapolis holds a separate, smaller piece: the Studebaker Visual Materials Collection (P 0704), dated 1918–1991.
South Bend
- 1918–2000The Associates — the finance company South Bend founded
Founded here: The Associates Investment Company was incorporated under Indiana law on 29 May 1918. Its business was the new century's credit, in four classes: the purchase of retail installment obligations, wholesale dealer financing, direct and personal loans, and industrial and commercial loans.
South Bend
- 1918–2003Bonnie Baker: The Face of the League
Mary Geraldine Baker — Bonnie — was born in Regina, Saskatchewan, on July 10, 1918, on the register's dating; the Canadian references give 1919, and the variant stands.
South Bend
- 1918–2017John Collias: a thousand distinguished citizens
The start: John George Collias was born in Fort Wayne on 12 June 1918, to Greek immigrants George and Georgia Collias (one rendering of his obituary prints 1917; the funeral chapel's text, and the age of 98 at his death in March 2017, support 1918, and the leg prints 1918 with the variant named).
Fort Wayne
- 1918–2023The epidemic century, counted at township strength
Influenza, 1918–1920 — the count that dissolves the townships: the strongest instrument ever pointed at this ground's influenza is the federal government's own special count, the Bureau of the Census's Special Tables of Mortality from Influenza and Pneumonia for Indiana, covering September 1 to December 31, 1918, and…
Granger
- 1918–2026The official books: Erskine (1918), Gordon (1922), and the Commission report (2026)
The company history: Albert Russel Erskine's History of the Studebaker Corporation (1918) is the official history of the city's defining firm, written by its president, and it underlies the encyclopedia spine of the Studebaker file.
South Bend
- 1918–2026The Public-Health Machinery as It Arrived
The closures of October 1918 — public gatherings prohibited, effectively mid-October to 15 November, in the influenza autumn the hospitals file carries — imply an authority acting on the city, and the record does not name it.
Mishawaka
- 1918–todayPublic art: the general, the steel, and the alley walls
The equestrian statue of General Anthony Wayne was dedicated on July 4, 1918, in Hayden Park, greeting travelers at the city's Lincoln Highway entrance (ACPL's dedication photographs are captioned 1917; the date is unsettled in the sources and is flagged in this section's note).
Fort Wayne
- 1918–todayPinhook Park and the Small River Parks
Lead: Pinhook Park, the river park on Riverside Drive in the city's northwest, came to the parks from the county in the year of the armistice: the department's chronology records, for 1918, that "the Board acquired the Pinhook property from the County Commissioners"…
South Bend
- 1919The Legion's flagship · American Legion Fort Wayne Post 47
Fort Wayne Post 47 of the American Legion opened in 1919, the Legion's founding year, on the north side of Wayne Street between Webster and Harrison.
Fort Wayne
- 1919The first field: inspected 1919, instruction from 1923
In 1919 the city of Fort Wayne inspected a tract on the north side — between the Cook and Ludwig roads, Lima and Coldwater roads country, some 234 acres in its modern survey — for its suitability as a municipal airport.
Fort Wayne
- 1919The night the sky broke — and the meteorite that isn't
The burst: Shortly before 8:00 p.m. on 26 November 1919, a brilliant meteor crossed far northern Indiana and southern Michigan, seen from Newberry in the Upper Peninsula to Milwaukee and Lucknow, Ontario.
Fort Wayne
- 1919The homecoming · a state day, and a hero's September
South Bend's returning companies — the 137th's and the 139th's men, whose service and losses are Wars' record — came home through the spring of 1919 into a welcome the state had organized as a single day.
South Bend
- 1919Kaniewski & Son — the west side's funeral house, verified
The firm's own published account claims service to families for over 100 years and across five generations, and its directory listings date the founding 1919…
South Bend
- 1919The civic leagues: the NAACP's corporate line and the League of Women Voters
3067 in the national association's numbering — was founded in 1919 at Mount Zion Baptist Church on North Birdsell Street, in the movement that also built Hering House.
South Bend
- 1919Claeys Candy: the garage house of 1919
Jerome C. Claeys founded the company in a South Bend garage in 1919 — on North Blaine Avenue, as the Indiana Senate's 2019 centennial resolution gives the address, the same resolution that records the company's Governor's Century Award and its third-generation ownership.
South Bend
- 1919The claims, tested: what this city says it invented, and what the record holds
What the record holds instead is named products, and they are genuine: Claeys's Etabar of 1919, a caramel nut bar under icing, and its Chocolate Charlie; the South Bend Chocolate Company's Domer, Rockne, and Nuts for ND of 1991, named under a university license…
South Bend
- 1919The Training School for Nurses, 1919
Sister Columba's school: Later in 1919, in the commissioned history's words, Sister Columba began the St. Joseph Training School for Nurses at the hospital, and the first class of nurses graduated from the program in 1922.
Mishawaka
- 1919The Training School for Nurses, 1919
The school: In 1919, nine years after St. Joseph Hospital opened on West Fourth Street, Sister Columba began the St. Joseph Training School for Nurses at the hospital — the institutional entry stands in the hospitals file; the training record is this section's.
Mishawaka
- 1919The night the sky broke — and the meteorite that isn't
The event: Shortly before eight o'clock on the evening of 26 November 1919, a brilliant meteor crossed far northern Indiana and southern Michigan, seen by dozens of witnesses across both states, its shock wave felt as earthquake-like tremors that damaged telephone, telegraph and electrical lines.
Mishawaka
- 1919The civic leagues as corporations, at county frame
The NAACP's county line begins in a church: the South Bend branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded in 1919 at Mount Zion Baptist Church (later Pilgrim Baptist Church), the city's first African American Baptist congregation, with early meetings also hosted at Olivet AME…
Granger
- 1919Homecomings: Tested, and Not Found
The searches ran for both homecoming seasons, 1919 and 1945–46, and for the town's name with every form of the occasion; the returns were other towns' celebrations and other Lakevilles', refused as such.
Lakeville
- 1919The January 1920 return, the tuberculosis regime, and the polio seat
The settler reached in this section is the federal weekly record: Public Health Reports , Vol. 35 (issues of 20 and 27 February and 12 March 1920), prints Indiana's state-level weekly case reports for the 1920 wave…
Lakeville
- 1919Homecomings: tested negative
The searches were run for both homecoming generations — 1919, when the town was three years incorporated and had no village past behind it, and 1945–46 — and returned other places' celebrations only: Indianapolis's Welcome Home Day, Evansville's, Kendallville's.
Roseland
- 1919The Juggler: campus humor in print
Its first issue is dated December 1919 — the university Archives publishes the cover — launched from Sorin Hall by Delmar J. "Pinky" Edmondson of the class of 1918, Andrew "Shrimp" Moynihan '20, and Laurens "Moonshine" Cook '20, and named for the medieval jongleur of Notre Dame, the juggler of the legend.
Notre Dame
- 1919–1931The South Bend State Bank — the bank that liquidated itself while solvent
The bank: The South Bend State Bank was organized in 1919 and banked at 911 South Michigan Street with capital of $50,000 — a neighborhood state bank on the city's south side.
South Bend
- 1919–1939Basketball before the Pistons: Caseys, Hoosiers, Chiefs and the General Electrics, 1919–1939
Knights of Columbus teams — the K. of C. men, the Caseys — played from 1919, in a city where factory and parish basketball was already a winter institution.
Fort Wayne
- 1919–1966Institutions built: Hering House, the NAACP branch, and the Allens' thirty years of cases
The South Bend branch of the NAACP was founded in 1919 at Mount Zion Baptist Church — founded 1890 as the city's first African American Baptist church under Rev. W.M. Ridley, first at Main and Jefferson, moved in 1891 to 116 North Birdsell Street, its present sanctuary built on a 1921 foundation and completed 1926…
Granger
- 1919–1966The institutions the community built: Hering House, the NAACP chapter, and the Allens
The South Bend branch of the NAACP was founded in 1919 at Mount Zion Baptist Church (founded 1890; 116 North Birdsell Street; reorganised and renamed Pilgrim Baptist in 1935), and Indiana Landmarks records that Olivet A.M.E. hosted early meetings of the branch as well…
Osceola
- 1919–2001Lib Mahon: Eight Seasons, Then a South Bend Life
Lib Mahon was born November 18, 1919, in Greenville, South Carolina, and came to South Bend in Marty McManus's 1945 trade with Kenosha — the trade that sent Dottie Schroeder the other way.
South Bend
- 1919–2010The Natatorium · fourteen years locked out, fourteen years on Mondays
"Public" was carved on the building; it was not meant: The land at West Washington and Chapel streets was given by Harry and Maude Engman , the city council voted to build in June 1919, and the Engman Public Natatorium opened on 29 June 1922…
South Bend
- 1919–todayThe NAACP chapter · founded in a church on Birdsell Street
The community's standing army, mustered in 1919: The South Bend branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded in 1919 at Mount Zion Baptist Church , 116 North Birdsell Street — the congregation that became Pilgrim Baptist…
South Bend
- 1919–todayThe American Legion: four posts in one city
The founding generation: The American Legion was chartered by Congress in 1919, built by the men then coming home from France, and South Bend's posts belong to that founding generation and the one after it.
South Bend
- 1919–todayThe Blackstone-State Theater (1919–21) and Its Second Life
The Blackstone Theater Corporation filed its incorporation on 9 January 1919 and took 99-year leases on lots 56 and 57 of the Original Plat, mid-block at 212 South Michigan Street…
South Bend
- 1919–todayTwin Branch: the community a power plant named
Penn Township bought land in 1919 and built a two-room school at 3810 Lincolnway East; the Indiana & Michigan Electric Company's great generating station rose on the river beside it, with its own railroad — the Twin Branch Railroad, organized in 1927 to haul coal to the plant, under two miles long…
Mishawaka
- 1919–todayAmerican Legion Post 161: the post of 1919
The founding: Mishawaka's American Legion post was founded in 1919 — the Legion's own founding year, the year of the Paris caucus and the congressional charter.
Mishawaka
- 1919–todayThe makers, one house per article in one article: Claeys the candy house, the chocolate house, Dainty Maid, Macri's — all South Bend and Mishawaka houses
The candy house founded in a garage in 1919 is verified whole: Jerome C. Claeys founded Claeys Candy Inc. in a South Bend garage in 1919 — the Indiana Senate's centennial resolution (2019) fixes the garage on North Blaine Avenue and the first product as handmade candy at five cents…
Osceola