St. Joseph County, Indiana · 19th century
1890s
163 dated events in 1890s, in order. Part of the full timeline.
19th century 163 dated mentions
1890s
- 1890The Huggart Settlement's School — Olive Branch
Karst adds that the last school building at Olive Branch was constructed in June 1890 and later served as a farm shed, and that Andrew Huggart was superintendent of a union Sunday school at Olive Branch for many years.
Lakeville
- 1890Miller-Knoblock and Knoblock-Heidman — wagons, then magnetos
On 23 July 1890 the Miller-Knoblock Wagon Company was organized — the fourth organizer was Frederick C. Bowman — with shops on South High Street at Wenger Avenue.
South Bend
- 1890The Pumpkin Vine: the St. Joseph, South Bend & Southern
South Bend's fourth road ran northwest to the Lake Michigan shore, and the countryside named it: The Indiana & Lake Michigan Railway built the 36.9-mile line from South Bend to St. Joseph, Michigan, opening it on 4 August 1890…
South Bend
- 1890Chapin Park and the northwest bluff plats
The city's garden suburb grew on a lawyer's estate: Horatio Chapin's family — his widow Rhoda's estate divided in the settlement of 1887 — platted the Chapin Park Addition in 1890, his children Mary Chapin Anderson and Edward Chapin converting the family ground on the west bluffs into building lots…
South Bend
- 1890The west side plats: a working city's grid
What the record does carry at full strength is the course: the gridded streets named in part for the Poles' own heroes — Pulaski, Kosciuszko, Sobieski, in the communities file's account…
South Bend
- 1890Chapin Park and the northwest plats
The near northwest was a president's family estate: the Chapin Park Addition was platted in 1890 by Horatio Chapin's children — Mary Chapin Anderson and Edward Chapin — on the family estate along the river bluff northwest of downtown, and subdivision continued until 1910, when the name Riverside Drive was officially chosen…
South Bend
- 1890Corby's Irish Pub: the LaSalle Avenue room, the Cap'n Cork, and Rudy
The visitors bureau's September 2026 account, told by Joe Mittiga, whose family has run the room since 1988, gives the building's frame: built in 1890, it was home in its early decades to three separate bars at once — the main room, called the Palm Garden, for the moneyed trade; a middle section for the poor white community…
South Bend
- 1890–1893The Wabash building: the Montpelier & Chicago, 1890–1893
The road was built under a name the Wabash itself used only on paper: the Montpelier & Chicago Railroad Company, whose articles were filed in Indiana on 28 February 1890.
North Liberty
- 1890–1920The absences, named: the unincorporated decades and the figures that are not counts
Between the village count of 1880 and the municipal count of 1930, the census returns nothing for Osceola, because there was no municipality to return: the place spent those decades unincorporated, was not returned as an incorporated place, and no separate village return has been found in the 1890–1920 place lists.
Osceola
- 1890–1930The electric system whole: companies, consolidation and the line map
ChicagoRailFan's route record, compiled from the company's own succession, gives the order: the Washington line and the North Side line to Mishawaka were electrified in 1890, Portage in 1891, the North Michigan and Chapin lines in the course of the 1890s, and the South Side line to Mishawaka…
South Bend
- 1890–1960The manufacture test: what tractors were built in South Bend?
The search, and what it found: The standard roster of the industry, C. H. Wendel's Standard Catalog of Farm Tractors 1890 to 1960 , works through more than 900 tractor makers; its Indiana seats are Indianapolis, La Porte, Anderson, Richmond, and Mount Vernon.
South Bend
- 1890–1964The Wabash Fourth District: the Montpelier & Chicago, 1890–1893
The building company filed its articles with Indiana on 28 February 1890 as the Montpelier & Chicago Railroad Company; the engineer George S. Morison reported to the Wabash directors on 1 June 1891 on the proposed extension from near Montpelier, Ohio…
Lakeville
- 1890–1976Max Carey: Formed Here, Under a Borrowed Name
Maximilian George Carnarius was born January 11, 1890, in Terre Haute, Indiana, and was a pre-ministerial student — Concordia College in Fort Wayne, then Concordia Seminary in St. Louis — when baseball took him.
South Bend
- 1890–1981Linden School and the long desegregation · from a ceiling's collapse to a federal decree
Linden School opened 1 September 1890 at Linden and Adams, built as a duplicate of Franklin School for the west side's growing white population, two stories, four classrooms, 186 students.
South Bend
- 1890–2020The township frame, as its own series
The State of Indiana's official township table, republished from the census counts by the Indiana Business Research Center's STATS Indiana, gives Olive Township in full: 1890, 2,111; 1900, 1,998; 1910, 1,820; 1920, 1,836; 1930, 2,144; 1940, 2,427; 1950, 2,873; 1960, 3,406; 1970, 3,383; 1980, 3,418; 1990, 3,573; 2000, 3,914…
New Carlisle
- 1890–2026Schools as the long fight: from a ceiling's collapse to a decree still alive in 2025 — and the test of Penn-Harris-Madison
South Bend never adopted an explicit segregation statute for its schools; its "neighbourhood school" policy and intentionally drawn boundaries did the work, and Linden School, Linden and Adams Streets (opened 1 September 1890), became the system's Black school by demography.
Granger
- 1890–2026Schools as the long fight: from a ceiling's collapse to a decree still in force
Boundary — the South Bend course, whole, because it is the county's school fight: Linden School, opened 1 September 1890, stood as the city's Black school in fact long after any law required it.
Osceola
- 1891The home that stayed: the Northern Indiana Aid Society and the 1907 building
Permanent quarters at last: The grievance at the center of the 1891 feud was rented, inconvenient buildings. Sixteen years later the society that stayed in Mishawaka answered it in brick.
Mishawaka
- 1891The armory Mishawaka never had
It is named here as a gap, not filled: the settling sources are the Mishawaka Enterprise of 1891–1892, whose columns carried the company's notices week by week, and the city directories of those years, which listed the halls.
Mishawaka
- 1891Frederick S. Fish — the son-in-law who motorized the house
The founder's second act: Frederick S. Fish married Grace Studebaker, John M. Studebaker's daughter, in 1891, and became the bridge between the wagon house and the automobile company.
South Bend
- 1891–1892Company D, Third Regiment: the city's one Guard company, 1891–1892
Pratt's entry, whole: The one company of the standing forces that Mishawaka ever kept is carried in Pratt's town-by-town roster of the Third Regiment, and his entry is short enough to print entire: "Mishawaka's only company was organized in the spring of 1891, and was assigned to the Third Regiment as Company D February 3 of that year.
Mishawaka
- 1891–1901The mark without an author
It may be the most-seen image Mishawaka ever produced, and no record says who drew it: The Red Ball — a plain red disc — was the trade device of the Mishawaka Rubber & Woolen Manufacturing Company, in use from 1891, carried on the boots and shoes of Ball Band until the mark was known in every town in America: "Look for the Red Ball."
Mishawaka
- 1891–1910The Park Board: Created, Abolished, Restored
"On June 8, 1891, the South Bend Common Council Elected a Board of Park Commissioners. This Board served until [the] new city charter was enacted in 1901, when the Park Board was dissolved and the Board of Public Works took over the administration of city parks."
South Bend
- 1891–1911The Mishawaka Democrat, 1891–1911, and its founder the lieutenant governor
On July 4, 1891, Mishawaka became a two-paper town again: "there seemed to a young man an opportunity for another paper in Mishawaka, and the Mishawaka Democrat was launched… by William P. O'Neill."
Mishawaka
- 1891–1915The transformer who was not a founder: Frederick S. Fish, Studebaker's son-in-law chief
Frederick Samuel Fish — "Fred Fish" — married John M. Studebaker's daughter Grace in 1891, a lawyer son-in-law entering a wagon company his wife's father and uncles had founded in 1852.
Osceola
- 1891–1981Thurman C. Crook: settled down
Thurman C. Crook (1891–1981): the sweep's one down-settlement, and it is printed plainly because the roster it corrects is this history's own.
South Bend
- 1891–2026The club movement and the ballot's institutions — and Granger's one club
The county's club movement is documented at archive strength, none of it seated on this ground: SJCPL's clubs collection (43 boxes, bulk 1910–1970) holds the South Bend Woman's Club, the Progress Club (six boxes and a scrapbook), the Shakespeare Circle from 1891, the county Federation of Clubs and the Women's Civic Club.
Granger
- 1891–2026From the studio chair to the Kodak counter
In 1891 he gave up studio photography for the supply trade: as Beatty puts it, "with the advent of portable cameras, he and son Harry became dealers of Kodak cameras and film in a shop at 112 West Wayne Street," developing and finishing included.
Granger
- 1891–todayCommercial art: the Red Ball, the sign brush, the painted shoe
The court record states the chronology at legal strength: the red ball in actual use from 1891; the word mark "Ball Band" registered January 19, 1897; the red circular disc registered May 28, 1901, and re-registered across the decades (1915, 1927, 1938).
Mishawaka
- 1891–todayThe Red Ball as worn
The knit boot carried a black band at its top — the band of the Ball-Band name — and the red ball device was in actual use from 1891 and registered with the name in 1901.
Mishawaka
- 1892St. Philip's lightning strike, 1892 — pointer
The Episcopal Diocese of Northern Indiana Archives records of St. Philip's: "In 1892, the church was struck by lightning and severely damaged."
North Liberty
- 1892Orchards and small fruit
An industry the county histories name, the censuses watched disappear: The apple entered the county's commercial record as a named man's work: Howard's 1907 biographies describe George W. Brunson as "one of the first men to become identified with the apple tree industry in the county," and the fruit interest was…
South Bend
- 1892River Park: the town that chose its city
River Park is the one South Bend neighborhood that voted itself into the city: it was platted first on 7 April 1892 by Albert J. Horne and Benjamin F. Dunn, on the river's north side between South Bend and Mishawaka, with the Fordham and Berner's Grove additions following.
South Bend
- 1892The Elks: South Bend Lodge No. 235, B.P.O.E.
The institution date, settled: The year Lodge No. 235 was instituted is settled by the city’s own record: Common Council Resolution 17-27, approved 12 June 2017 — adopted on the lodge’s 125th anniversary, the arithmetic exact — recites that the lodge was chartered on 12 June 1892.
South Bend
- 1892–1896The North Liberty Herald: the first paper, 1892 to about 1896
The town's first newspaper was the North Liberty Herald, established in 1892. The carrier is the National Register nomination for the Commercial Historic District (Garner, 2012), read in its own text: "The town's first newspaper, the North Liberty Herald, was established in 1892 and operated for four years."
North Liberty
- 1892–1910The River Park boundary: the town Mishawaka tried to annex and lost
This ground is South Bend's build; Mishawaka's fact in it is a failed annexation, and it is boundary-printed at that size: River Park, between South Bend and Mishawaka on the north side of the river, was platted by Albert J. Horne and Benjamin F. Dunn, its original plat acknowledged 7 April 1892, with Fordham and…
Mishawaka
- 1892–1934The Citizens' National Bank — Charter No. 4764, and the city's one insured-era failure
The third charter: The Citizens' National Bank of South Bend was organized on 12 May 1892 and chartered on 25 June 1892, OCC Charter No. 4764.
South Bend
- 1892–1967Media as business: a pointer only — the papers' whole course is a later pass's
The North Liberty Herald, established 1892 and operated four years to about 1896, was the town's first paper; its plant's address stands in a small conflict reserved to that pass…
North Liberty
- 1892–2003Creamery and dairy store: Keystone, 1892; Burger Dairy, by 1974
The township's milk found its town institutions early and late: the St. Joseph County Independent of 23 April 1892 notes, in its local columns, that the Keystone Creamery "was started up last week" at Walkerton — a creamery working in town by the spring of 1892, taking the surrounding farms' cream at the railroad.
Walkerton
- 1892–2026The Tests: The 1892 List, the Richest-Man Question, and Forbes
The 1892 list: The New-York Tribune 's American Millionaires (1892), its survey of Americans "reputed to be worth a million or more," counted thirty-seven millionaires in Indiana, of whom three were in South Bend, on the Crawfordsville Daily Journal 's summary of 18 May 1892 carried in the South Bend wealth file.
Mishawaka
- 1892–todayThe lines out of the city: Indianapolis and Washington
The statehouse line: Mishawaka's people in Indianapolis begin, in the record reached, with E. Volney Bingham's senate service of 1892–1906 and after, in the entry above — a Mishawaka lawyer holding the two-county senate seat through five legislatures.
Mishawaka
- 1893Addiction on Mishawaka ground: the cure era tested, the modern row verified
Indiana's documented Keeley house stood at Plainfield, in Hendricks County, from 1893 to the state's Prohibition of 1918 — the state's instance of the system, printed here as the contrast that keeps the negative honest.
Mishawaka
- 1893The City at the World's Fair: Chicago, 1893
The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, held in Jackson Park, caught Mishawaka up, in the city history's phrase, "because of its prominent industries and proximity to Chicago," and the city's presence there ran through every register of a fair: its machinery drove the fair, its products were exhibited and decorated…
Mishawaka
- 1893Goodspeed's Pictorial and Biographical Memoirs (1893)
The class is the vanity-biographical class at its most characteristic: sketches of the men who subscribed, written warm, and — used at their proper strength — a prosopography of the county's propertied class in 1893, including, in the ordinary course of such volumes, Olive Township farmers and New Carlisle merchants.
New Carlisle
- 1893The railroad age
The Story of North Liberty section fixes the frame: North Liberty "for two generations was the junction of two railroads, both now abandoned"…
North Liberty
- 1893The brewery as a company: incorporation, the dated brewhouse, and the dry close
The Muessel Brewing Company was incorporated in 1893 , patriarch Christopher Muessel as president, after forty years as a family operation.
Osceola
- 1893The Muessel Brewing Company: incorporation, the 1911 brewhouse, and the dry close
Incorporation and succession: In 1893 the family firm took corporate form as the Muessel Brewing Company, with Christopher Muessel as its president in the last year of his life; he died in 1894.
South Bend
- 1893–1894The railroad arrivals as civic days — tested, not carried at event size
The settler class for a celebration account is the South Bend and Walkerton papers of 1893–94 and the railroad trade press — the town's own paper does not reach back that far.
North Liberty
- 1893–1900The Chief's Son Who Printed the Legends: Simon Pokagon's Books
The books, at their record size: Pokagon's printed tellings came out as pamphlets, articles and birch-bark booklets over seven years: The Red Man's Greeting (1893), the booklet — also issued as The Red Man's Rebuke…
South Bend
- 1893–1907The Folding Paper Box Company
The Folding Paper Box Company was incorporated on 2 December 1893 with a capital of $25,000; the incorporators were William H. Barger, Marvin Campbell, and Myron Campbell.
South Bend
- 1893–1949The Dodge line after the founder: the rope drive, the Taper-Lock, and the Torque-Arm
The sentence is a booster biography's and is printed as such; the documented core inside it is that Dodge built the largest rope engine yet made for the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893 and that it powered the fair, on Discover Indiana's account — a Mishawaka firm driving the machinery of the White City.
Mishawaka
- 1893–1981Harold Clayton Urey: born here, 1893 — the Nobel laureate
The birth, verified: Harold Clayton Urey was born in Walkerton, Indiana, on 29 April 1893 — stated in the Encyclopaedia Britannica's biography and in the Nobel Foundation's biographical record alike, read first-hand.
Walkerton
- 1893–1989Two railroads, 1893 and 1894 — and none today
A church periodical carries the town-level proof: "The Wabash railroad has passed through [North Liberty] the present year" (The Spirit of Missions, August 1893).
North Liberty
- 1893–1989Two lines, one junction, none today
What the two lines were, in order: the Wabash's Chicago Extension, an east–west trunk built through the town in 1893 under the Montpelier & Chicago Railroad Company and run in succession as the Wabash's Fourth District and, after the Norfolk & Western lease of 1964, the Gary District; and the Indiana, Illinois & Iowa…
North Liberty
- 1893–2017The Riverfront Plans
The first riverfront work was the park board's — the sea wall along Howard Park recommended in July 1893 and funded by Ordinance No. 949 in June 1894, a wall to hold the filled dump against the St. Joseph.
South Bend
- 1893–todayThe campus haunts, told as a group at the boundary: Notre Dame and Saint Mary's
The founder walks beside the football player: Father Edward Sorin, who died on Halloween 1893, is said in the lore to still patrol the campus he founded…
Granger
- 1894The Slaughterbecks: Jacob, who cleared 270 acres, and Charley of the Idlewild Stock Farm
Jacob Slaughterbeck came from Germany as a small child, owned 270 acres — all but fifty of them in Harris Township — and cleared the land himself; he died 8 August 1894, aged fifty-six.
Granger
- 1894Incorporation: 8 June 1894
The town was duly incorporated on 8 June 1894 — Howard's whole statement on the act, and the instrument behind it is not in the reached record.
North Liberty
- 1894Epworth Hospital: the Methodist founding, 1893–1894
The Woman's Home Missionary Societies of the Methodist Episcopal churches of South Bend, with the Dorcas Society of Milburn Church — the church later called St. Paul's — secured a house in June 1893 and had applicants for care immediately…
South Bend
- 1894The nursing schools: three schools and a college program
Memorial's school is the city's longest: it opened in 1894 as the Epworth Hospital and Training School, its first class of five graduating in 1897; it took the Memorial name with the hospital in 1945, as the Memorial Hospital School of Nursing; and it closed in 1988, ninety-four years after the founding.
South Bend
- 1894The refounding of 1895 — a museum written into the charter
The pilgrimage: On 7 August 1894 a party of the city's history-minded citizens went down the river to visit the site of old Fort St. Joseph, and there, Howard records, "it was that they resolved to form a Northern Indiana and Southern Michigan Historical Society"…
South Bend
- 1894Frederic Ingersoll and the road to an orchestra
The man who began it was Frederic Ingersoll, a violinist from Cleveland who had spent four years studying in Berlin and Switzerland and came to South Bend in 1894.
South Bend
- 1894The M.R. Falcons: Nest 4
The county genealogical society's immigrant-societies page (Jim Piechorowski's submissions) gives it plainly: "M.R." stands for Mieczysław Romanowski, and the society dates the South Bend Falcons to 1894.
South Bend
- 1894The Polish Falcons: gymnastics, insurance, and the first Sokolnia in America
The Sokoly of the west side: The Polish Falcons — the Sokoly, a gymnastic-fraternal order on the Czech Sokol model, carrying the fraternal-insurance book that paid for the gymnastics…
South Bend
- 1894–2006Press photographers: the staff tradition, the courthouse commission, and the art photographer
22 May 1912) began as a traveling photographer, worked for Schanz, and from 1894 — Miner & Dexter at 44 Calhoun, then alone at 23 W. Wayne, renumbered 102 W. Wayne in 1902 — built the studio Griswold described in 1905 as "built for him according to his own plans."
Granger
- 1894–2019Health: a hospital raised by subscription, a medical center's land given to a school, and a golf tournament's steady money
In January 1894 the women's missionary societies of the city's Methodist Episcopal churches opened a three-bed hospital in a converted house — the Epworth Hospital and Training School, organized 28 May 1894 and incorporated 7 June 1894…
South Bend
- 1894–2026Every renaming an event: Epworth becomes Memorial, 1945 — and the mental-health making in stages
Epworth Hospital and Training School was organised on May 28, 1894 and incorporated on June 7, 1894, by the Woman's Home Missionary Societies of South Bend's Methodist Episcopal churches — by the Indiana Methodist record, the first hospital founded by any branch of United Methodism in Indiana.
Granger
- 1894–2026The Nursing Schools
The Methodist line came first: Epworth Hospital and Training School — the training school is in the founding name of 1894 — became the Memorial Hospital School of Nursing at the 1945 renaming, and closed in 1988, ninety-four years after it opened…
Granger
- 1894–todayThe ethnic nests and societies: the Falcons, the West Side club, the Breezers — and this ground's thinner layer
The M. R. Falcons — Mieczyslaw Romanowski Falcons, Nest 4 — stand in the county's immigrant-societies record from 1894, and stand today at 3212 Keller Street, an active club and hall.
Granger
- 1894–todayThe Kankakee Belt: the Indiana, Illinois & Iowa
The fifth road was built to miss Chicago, and South Bend was its eastern anchor: The Indiana, Illinois & Iowa Railroad built west from Streator, Illinois, to North Judson in 1881, and in 1894 it completed its line northeast to South Bend.
South Bend
- 1895A note on the other South Bend — the failure of 1895 that was not this city's
Rankin , 197 U.S. 154 (1905), over a bank that failed on 10 August 1895. It is not this bank, and it is not this South Bend.
South Bend
- 1895The Commercial-Athletic Club
Howard records that the Commercial-Athletic Club "was organized in 1895, when the South Bend Athletic association was formed for the encouragement of athletic games.
South Bend
- 1895–1896Copshaholm — the plow king's house, at Register size
The fame, at its documented size: A block from Tippecanoe stands the other great industrialist's house of the West Washington district: Copshaholm, Joseph D. Oliver's 38-room house of Indiana fieldstone and granite boulders, built 1895–96 to designs of Lamb & Rich of New York on two and a half landscaped acres.
South Bend
- 1895–1896Copshaholm — the Joseph D. Oliver House (1895–96)
Joseph Doty Oliver, president of the Oliver Chilled Plow Works, had it built in 1895–96 to designs of Lamb & Rich of New York — the architect Charles Alonzo Rich — with Christopher Fassnacht of South Bend as builder.
South Bend
- 1895–1896The courthouse that turned around
The 1853–55 courthouse stood in the new building's way; the county hired Harvey Sheeler of Chicago, and beginning 19 November 1895 his workmen cut into the foundation, inserted logs, iron and steel beams, lifted the building onto rollers, and through the cold and snowy winter turned it 180 degrees and moved it to face Lafayette Street.
South Bend
- 1895–1902A duck pond in Leeper Park: where the zoo begins
Leeper Park is South Bend's first planned public park: the first of its ground was condemned in June 1895 for the city water works, the planned landscape is dated 1897 under city superintendent Herman Beyer, and George Kessler's parks and boulevard plan of 1911 to 1915 assigned its west end to active recreation and…
South Bend
- 1895–1911Bodies for other men's electrics, then an electric of its own
In 1895 John M. Studebaker's son-in-law, Fred Fish — who had married Grace Studebaker in 1891 and would become company president — urged the development of "a practical horseless carriage."
South Bend
- 1895–1915Leeper Park: The Water Works Ground, the First Planned Park
With the coming of the new century, Howard writes, attention turned to "the large tract on the St. Joseph river, at the foot of Michigan street, which had been purchased in 1895 by the city for the use of the water works department.
South Bend
- 1895–1916Dairy: the Schlosser Brothers creamery, bought 1895, operating in 1916
The Plymouth Weekly Republican of 30 November 1911 (read first-hand) profiles Schlosser Brothers of Plymouth, "the largest manufacturers of butter in Indiana," and dates the firm's expansion in a single sentence: "The first extension of the business came with the purchase of creameries at Wanatah in 1890; Hanna, in 1892…
North Liberty
- 1895–1919James W. Swanson: the private the post is named for
James W. Swanson was born at New Carlisle 19 January 1895, son of Clous and Lottie Swanson. He was an employee of the Studebaker Company in South Bend when he enlisted in the U.S. Regular Army, 21 May 1917 — among the first volunteers of the county's war, weeks after the declaration.
New Carlisle
- 1895–1958The Castle
The building: In 1895, the 1920 account records, ground was purchased at the corner of Main and Wayne streets, "and the present library was built."
South Bend
- 1895–1962The North Liberty News: 1895–1962, Dell Woodward's paper
The North Liberty News was founded in 1895, a year before its predecessor folded, and outlived it by sixty-six years.
North Liberty
- 1895–1962Freight life: milk cans, an elevator, and what the record cannot weigh
The town's freight life is documented at the scale a small station leaves: milk cans lined up on the Central's platform in the Albert postcard view — dairy country shipping its morning cans by rail…
North Liberty
- 1895–1990The women's clubs as a circle: the circle is South Bend's; this ground holds its mailing seat
The circle, named as a circle — in the county seat: South Bend's women's-club circle of the federation era stands in the library's own keeping: the Progress Club, whose twenty-fifth anniversary was celebrated 11 June 1920 at the South Bend Country Club — an organisation of 1895 by that arithmetic…
Osceola
- 1895–2026Correspondents and digitization: the town in other papers, and the paper online
Walkerton was news in the county seat's papers long before it lost its own: the South Bend Weekly Tribune carried Walkerton correspondence in the 1890s — the Wars leg of this build cites its 1895 columns for the town's Grand Army news and the cornet band at Lapaz…
Walkerton
- 1896Before the saucers: the airship wave of 1896–97 — the Mishawaka test
The wave: Half a century before "flying saucer" entered the language, the United States went through a wave of reports of a mysterious airship — a powered, steerable craft of a kind no one could exhibit on the ground — moving eastward from California across the country between November 1896 and May 1897.
Mishawaka
- 1896St. Casimir Parish — Warszawa
A committee formed in 1896, Frank Gonsiorowski president and Joseph Kalamaja secretary; on 2 March 1896 Bishop Joseph Rademacher viewed the proposed site and gave his permission.
South Bend
- 1896The Bicycle's Own Civic History
The Indiana Historical Bureau's survey of the state's 1890s bicycle era, compiled from The Cycle Club Bulletin of 13 June 1896 and the records of the Indiana State Library, lists for St. Joseph County a South Bend Cycle Club…
South Bend
- 1896Before the saucers: the airship wave of 1896–97 reaches South Bend
The wave: Half a century before "flying saucer" entered the language, the United States went through a wave of reports of a mysterious airship — a powered, steerable craft of a kind no one could exhibit on the ground — moving eastward from California across the country between November 1896 and May 1897.
South Bend
- 1896Charles Butterworth: the city's comic actor
The tie: Charles Edward Butterworth was born in South Bend on July 26, 1896, the son of a South Bend physician.
South Bend
- 1896–1897Before the saucers: the 1896–97 airship wave, tested over this ground specifically
Tested negative over this ground, at newspaper strength: between mid-November 1896 and the end of April 1897 the American press carried the mystery-airship wave — more than 1,200 articles in over 400 newspapers in 41 states and six Canadian provinces, by the standard scholarly count…
Granger
- 1896–1897Before the saucers: the 1896–97 airship wave, tested here
The great airship wave of 1896–97 — thousands of reports of a powered, lighted airship across the Midwest, Indiana included — was tested against this ground specifically.
North Liberty
- 1896–1897Before the saucers: the 1896–97 airship wave, tested over this ground specifically
Tested negative over this ground, at newspaper strength: between mid-November 1896 and the end of April 1897 the American press carried the mystery-airship wave — more than 1,200 articles in over 400 newspapers in 41 states and six Canadian provinces, by the standard scholarly count…
Osceola
- 1896–1897Before the saucers: the 1896–97 airship wave, tested over this ground
The mystery-airship wave ran from mid-November 1896 — a winged ship drawn in the San Francisco Call over Sacramento on November 17 — to the end of April 1897.
Walkerton
- 1896–1918Stanley Paszkiet: died of pneumonia at Verdun
Stanley Paszkiet was born at New Carlisle 26 April 1896, son of Simon and Louise Paszkiet — a farmer's son of the Polish settlement Fred Miller had planted in the township's marsh timber two generations before.
New Carlisle
- 1896–1946Charles Butterworth: the deadpan the city sent to Hollywood
Charles Butterworth (1896–1946): the third flagged name, entered here at Famous People size as his holding entry; the Comedy section carries his record whole, and its citations govern this condensation.
South Bend
- 1896–2013Firsts in public office, tested one by one
The school board, 1896: the first woman to hold public office in South Bend reached it by appointment, not election, and by siege, not invitation.
South Bend
- 1896–todayThe Grotto — a Lourdes in Indiana, and the candles that arrive by mail
The fame: Behind the Basilica, in a fieldstone cave built in the summer of 1896 over ground filled with the charred debris of the 1879 fire, stands a replica of the grotto at Lourdes — the campus marker gives it at one-seventh scale — built by the Rev. William Corby and dedicated on 5 August 1896.
Notre Dame
- 1897Emmett A. Saunders — the borrowed superintendent who became the chief
In 1897 the company decided to manufacture rubber footwear itself; Saunders resigned from Goodyear Metallic and, in the company history's words, personally superintended the erection and equipment of the rubber mill.
Mishawaka
- 1897A Menagerie by Rail: Monday, 28 June 1897
The J. H. LaPearl Shows, a small railroad show out of Danville, Illinois, on the road from about 1893 to 1898, played Mishawaka on Monday, 28 June 1897 — Butler, Indiana, the Saturday before; a Sunday off, as the route card marks it; LaPorte and Plymouth in the days after.
Mishawaka
- 1897The coldest number, reached twice
The National Weather Service's annual climate summary for the station gives the all-time low as −22 degrees — reached twice, on 25 January 1897 and again on 20 January 1943, and never since beaten.
Mishawaka
- 1897Closing: what this record can and cannot support
The bottom line of the record: Mishawaka's documented UFO record, at its whole size, is this: no report in the airship wave of 1897, whose surveys name the county's larger city and not this one; no report in the wave of July 1947, whose catalogue does the same…
Mishawaka
- 1897The County's Two Executions: Harry Jones
The Indiana Department of Correction's list of executions since 1897 opens with this county: its first entry records the hanging on May 7, 1897, of Harry Jones, age 23, offense dated July 5, 1896, sentenced January 7, 1897, county St. Joseph, crime murder.
South Bend
- 1897The executions list read first-hand — the Jones and Grzyb conflicts stand whole
Jones, 1897: The list's first row reads: "JONES, HARRY" — hanged May 7, 1897, aged 23, the offense dated July 5, 1896, sentenced January 7, 1897, the county St. Joseph, the crime murder.
South Bend
- 1897Patrolman Oscar Christensen · three trials for a killing in the rail yards
Patrolman Oscar Waldemar Christensen was shot and killed on 11 May 1897 while investigating vandalism in the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway yards on the city's west side.
South Bend
- 1897The Z.B. Falcons: Nest 80
The founding, from the centennial account: The Tribune's centennial history of the nest (Ken Bradford, August 18, 1997) fixes the founding: the Z.B. Falcons, Nest 80, were founded on October 3, 1897, by John P. Rozplochowski, Louis Liwosz, and Louis Mucha, the initials standing for Zygmunt Bairiki, as the account…
South Bend
- 1897–1899The color line and the parallel orders: exclusion documented, and no parallel order seated here
The parallel order exists because the original closed its door: the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, founded 1868 in New York, refused membership to Black men, and the Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the World was founded in Cincinnati by B. F. Howard and Arthur J. Riggs as the Black order…
Osceola
- 1897–19071898: A Call for Consolidation, Not a Lakeville Act
What it carries is this: State Superintendent of Public Instruction David Geeting first called for the centralization of rural schools in 1898, citing graded schools, better teachers, improved buildings, and cost reductions (the nomination citing the Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1897-8 , pp. 35 and 529)…
Lakeville
- 1897–1916Brummitt — hardware, then the Brummitt Mercantile Company, 1897–1903 and after
The Brummitt brothers established a private bank in the spring of 1897 inside their hardware building — it ran until 1900, when it was incorporated as the First National Bank of New Carlisle (the bank's course is carried whole in the banks file)…
New Carlisle
- 1897–1917The rubber turn: Saunders and the second mill
In 1897 the company decided to manufacture rubber footwear itself. Saunders resigned from Goodyear Metallic and, in the company history's words, personally superintended the erection and equipment of the rubber mill.
Mishawaka
- 1897–1960Fair-Type Ground: The Circus Field
The field enters the record on Monday, 28 June 1897, when the J. H. LaPearl Shows, a railroad menagerie carrying two elephants, a hippopotamus, a camel and ten cross cages, played the town and set the pattern: a show arrived, pitched on open ground at the town's edge, and left nothing standing.
Mishawaka
- 1897–1963The Brummitts, cross-carried: hardware, bank, and the mercantile company
Their private bank was established in the spring of 1897 in the hardware building, A. R. Brummitt cashier, and ran until 1900, when it was incorporated as the First National Bank of New Carlisle — the town's only chartered institution, ever…
New Carlisle
- 1897–2005The Executions Test: Three County Names, One Mishawaka Offense
Harry Jones stands first on the DOC's list, hanged May 7, 1897 — a county hanging of the pre-electric-chair era; the record reached for this build does not fix his offense's place or victim, and the gap is carried open in the South Bend file, where the county's capital record is assembled.
Mishawaka
- 1897–2005Executions: the county's names, none of them Osceola's
Indiana's execution record, as the Department of Correction's list gives it and as this county's builds have read it, carries three names whose offenses were St. Joseph County's: Harry Jones, hanged on May 7, 1897; John Grzyb, electrocuted on April 10, 1928; and Alan Matheney, executed on September 28, 2005, for a Mishawaka offense.
Osceola
- 1897–2005Executions: the county's names, none of them Walkerton's
Indiana's execution record, as the Department of Correction's list gives it and as this county's builds have read it, carries three names whose offenses were St. Joseph County's: Harry Jones, hanged on May 7, 1897; John Grzyb, electrocuted on April 10, 1928; and Alan Matheney, executed on September 28, 2005, for a Mishawaka offense.
Walkerton
- 1897–2026The name-chains, printed whole
The hardware-and-bank chain: the Brummitt brothers' hardware store (with a private bank in the back of the building, established spring 1897, A. R. Brummitt cashier) → the firm incorporated in 1903 as the Brummitt Mercantile Company, Mark L. Brummitt president and treasurer, dealing in "coal, lumber, grain, farm…
New Carlisle
- 1897–todayThe colour line and the parallel orders: exclusion, documented plain
Its founding prints with its variance whole: the order's accounts give a formal organisation in February 1897, and a first lodge meeting on 17 November 1898 at Masonic Hall on George Street in Cincinnati, the ritual copyrighted in September 1898 and the first Ohio charter in June 1899.
Granger
- 1898The Spanish-American War at the roster's strength
The county's war: St. Joseph County's Spanish-American War was fought by South Bend's companies of the 157th Indiana — the regiment the South Bend build follows as "Studebaker's Tigers and the two South Bend companies"…
Granger
- 1898The Spanish-American War: four names, no company, no dead
The county's company in that regiment was South Bend's: Company F, organized at South Bend on February 3, 1887, whose course and whose two dead — Private Harry W. Herring, died October 17, 1898, and Private Harry O. Perkins, died August 20, 1898 — are carried in South Bend's record.
Mishawaka
- 1898Willis Uline: the commendation of 1898
In the war with Spain he was a first lieutenant of the 12th Infantry, commanding Company H in the attack on El Caney, Cuba, on 1 July 1898.
Mishawaka
- 1898M. B. Skinner Company — the founding settled in part
1898, and Chicago first: The gaps pass carried Skinner on its South Bend evidence alone — the Sample Street factory, the Merrill presidency, the 1950s advertising claim of "over half a century" — and left the founding unverified.
South Bend
- 1898Lincoln Park: the Lincolnway West neighborhood
The west corridor's neighborhood prints at survey size, because that is the size of its record: Lincoln Park, on Lincolnway West, is documented in the local-history video record as a working-class, owner-occupied neighborhood that grew around Colfax School, built in 1898; dense in the aerial photograph of 1957…
South Bend
- 1898St. Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr Parish — Golden Hills
Alerding’s St. Hedwig history states that in 1898 Czyzewski bought the lots for and organized St. Stanislaus, as he had St. Casimir’s two years before, and Czyzewski administered the new congregation from St. Hedwig until it had its own pastor.
South Bend
- 1898The Spanish-American War · Studebaker’s Tigers and South Bend’s one company
South Bend's war with Spain was fought by a regiment its own city named: The 157th Indiana Volunteer Infantry — formed from the 3rd Regiment of the Indiana National Guard and mustered into United States service at Indianapolis on 10 May 1898…
South Bend
- 1898Company F first · the 157th Indiana and the Spanish-American War
In the spring of 1898 South Bend's company was the first in Indiana through the door: When the call came for the Spanish-American War, the state's 3rd Regiment of the National Guard entered federal service as the 157th Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and its colonel was a South Bend man, George M. Studebaker of the wagon company.
South Bend
- 1898The Colfax Cultural Center: the system's shared house
The Colfax School was constructed in 1898 on Lincoln Way West, in the public library's history of the city's school buildings, and its last school bell rang in 1976; the Michiana College of Commerce occupied it from 1977.
South Bend
- 1898–18991898: the war this ground does not appear in
The county's regiment was the 157th Indiana Volunteer Infantry — "Studebaker's Tigers," mustered in 10 May 1898 under Col. George M. Studebaker of South Bend, its companies raised at Knox, Elkhart, South Bend and other northern-Indiana towns; no company was raised at Mishawaka or Osceola.
Osceola
- 1898–1899The Spanish-American rosters read whole: one South Bend company, and two dead
This pass read both companies' rosters whole in the source the banked entry cites: the adjutant general's Record of Indiana Volunteers in the Spanish-American War, 1898–1899 (Gen. James K. Gore, 1899), in two independent copies of the printed volume, down to the placement of every remark.
South Bend
- 1898–18991898: the county's regiment, and no Walkerton name in the record reached
The county's regiment was the 157th Indiana Volunteer Infantry — "Studebaker's Tigers," mustered in 10 May 1898 under Col. George M. Studebaker of South Bend, its companies raised at Knox, Elkhart, South Bend and other northern-Indiana towns; no company was raised at Walkerton.
Walkerton
- 1898–19001898: the war that found Mishawaka without a company
The institutional fact: When the war with Spain came in the spring of 1898, Mishawaka had been without a company for five and a half years, and the war's organization shows it.
Mishawaka
- 1898–1902The vice president's son, mayor at twenty-eight
Schuyler Colfax III — son of Schuyler Colfax, Speaker of the House and Grant's vice president — was twenty-eight when he took the office in 1898, the youngest mayor in the city's history, a mark the Government section's roster still carries.
South Bend
- 1898–1919The first generation: Warner's rubber patents and Price's chemistry, 1898–1919
The 1898 patentee list carries Edward Roos assigning a "Wool boot" patent to the Beatty Felting Company of Mishawaka — the felt-boot house the banked Businesses record places in the city…
Mishawaka
- 1898–19191898 and 1917–19: a tested silence, then two names in the state's roll
The county's 1898 course belongs to the county's builds. For the First World War the state itself kept the roll: the Indiana Gold Star Honor Roll (Indiana Historical Commission, 1921) prints, county by county, every Hoosier who died in the service, with parentage, birthplace and service course.
New Carlisle
- 1898–1934The interurban through Mishawaka: to Elkhart and Goshen, 1898-1934
In September 1898 the owners of the South Bend & Mishawaka street lines, Arthur Kennedy and Frances J. Torrence of Pittsburgh, bought the stock of the Indiana Electric Railway Company of Elkhart and took possession early in October; the connecting construction was pushed rapidly forward.
Mishawaka
- 1898–1934The interurban test: a regular station at mile 10.1
The chronology carried in the CERA record (Marlette, Electric Railroads of Indiana , 1959) dates the opening precisely: on 12 December 1898 the South Bend and Elkhart Railway opened from Mishawaka to Elkhart, through Osceola.
Osceola
- 1898–1963The Patent Roster, Counted by Class and by Name
The annex holds Roos's Beatty assignment of 1898 and the Clark Metal Last Company's five grants. Design patents run through all three classes — about a fifth of the Class 1 count — and are labeled wherever they are named.
Mishawaka
- 1898–1976The Vandalia succession: 1898, 1905, the Panhandle consolidation, and the lease of 1921
In 1898 the line was sold and reorganised as the Terre Haute and Logansport Railway Company (the federal filing's history, read first-hand).
Lakeville
- 1898–1997How the search was made, and what its classes mean
The sources: The sweep was worked from the Patent Office's own annual lists of patentees — the patentee lists in the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents for 1898–1919 and the Index of Patents Issued from the United States Patent Office for 1920–1973…
Mishawaka
- 1898–2012The long tail, III: the mid-century desks, the schools' servants, the federal desk — entries 59–78
William E. Butterworth — a native son born 17 October 1860, a druggist from 1880 to 1892, who became deputy postmaster in 1898, "first under Mr. Gaylor and later under Mr. Shaw, the present postmaster"…
Mishawaka
- 1899The council as an institution, and its long servers
Until 1899 the boards of county commissioners exercised the county's fiscal powers essentially unchecked; the County Reform Act, approved March 3, 1899, created the county council in every Indiana county as a separately elected fiscal check on the commissioners…
Granger
- 1899The mayoral line
The line is anchored at both ends, with the middle honestly open: The first mayors stand in the entry above: Manuel Fisher (1899–1902) and Melville Mix, elected 1902.
Mishawaka
- 1899Jerome Green's wireless — the message from the Basilica spire
The experiment, as its own week recorded it: Jerome J. Green, head of the electrical department at Notre Dame, began experimenting with wireless telegraphy in his Science Hall laboratory in April 1899, weeks after Marconi's March 1899 transmission across the English Channel — then the longest on record at 32 miles.
Notre Dame
- 1899The garment trade the census would not print
Counted, but folded away: The Thirteenth Census measured South Bend's manufactures three times — 1899, 1904, and 1909 — and in its comparative table for the city (Vol. IX, Table I) it printed the leading industries by name: carriages and wagons, foundry products, printing, tobacco, and the rest.
South Bend
- 1899–1905The Soldiers' Monument on the courthouse square
On 16 December 1899 the St. Joseph County Soldiers' Monument Association was formed, in its articles' words, to aid "in erecting at the county seat a monument or memorial hall to the soldiers and sailors of the civil war from St. Joseph county who fought and died in defense of the Union and the rights of man."
South Bend
- 1899–1909The federal count arrives: 1899 and 1909
The Twelfth Census counted manufactures for the year 1899 and printed Mishawaka in its Indiana table of cities and towns of less than 20,000 population — the city stood at 5,560 people — with the full apparatus of the old census: 56 establishments…
Mishawaka
- 1899–1914The first mayors: Fisher, Mix, Frank, Herzog
Manuel M. Fisher, 1899–1902: The first mayoral election, on 2 May 1899, was close: Fisher beat E. Volney Bingham 656 votes to 612, and on 8 May 1899, as the town board held its last meeting, Fisher was sworn in as the first mayor of the city of Mishawaka.
Mishawaka
- 1899–1921Joseph K. Sosnowski: the west side's photographer
The directory course the project harvested runs: Mason & Sosnowski in 1899, at 307 South Michigan Street, in partnership with L. D. Mason (the firm is carried in Hibberd's directory of 1899–1900); the Star Photo Co. in 1901, at 232 South Michigan; Sosnowski under his own name in 1905, at 129 South St. Joseph Street…
South Bend
- 1899–1930Maxine E. Ryer: the county’s first practicing woman lawyer
Maxine Evelyn Ryer (later Miller): born in South Bend on 1 December 1899, graduated from South Bend High School in 1916, and studied violin at Nazareth Academy in Kalamazoo, offering violin lessons to South Bend pupils by 1920.
South Bend
- 1899–1940Inside the Northern Indiana system: Mishawaka's miles, 1899-1940
The succession: From the merger of 15 March 1899, Mishawaka's cars belonged to a regional system, and the city's trackage can be followed through the system's own statistics.
Mishawaka
- 1899–1949The marshals and the first chiefs: the police before Bolerjack
The elected marshals: The charter city policed itself through an elected marshal, and Howard's rosters name the office's first holders as they name the clerks: Grant Needham , marshal in 1899 and 1900; Jerome Rossman in 1902; Frederick Stockberger in 1904; Benjamin F. Jarrett in November 1905.
Mishawaka
- 1899–1963The appointed machinery: boards, works, and the desks that never faced the voters
The street commissioner's desk is Charles Doolittle's: Charles H. Doolittle is street commissioner in Howard's roster of 1899, and in 1900, 1902, 1904 and 1905, and the 1921 directory names Charles W. Doolittle in the office still…
Mishawaka
- 1899–1963The long service, gathered: what the rosters prove
Gathered, at exactly the strength each entry carries: Charles Doolittle, street commissioner in six rosters across twenty-two years (1899–1921).
Mishawaka
- 1899–1967The grand houses whole: the Oliver, the LaSalle with its annex, and the Hoffman
Boundary — the county's grand houses, each with opening, operators and end or conversion: the flagship is the Oliver Hotel : the Oliver family's six-story house at Main and Washington, built from 1899 by Rutan, Shepley and Coolidge at a cost of $600,000, opened 20 December 1899 as, in its own billing, the nicest hotel…
Osceola
- 1899–1992What the series proves
The works-by-works ladder in the leg this addendum joins could date the great shops one by one; the federal count now frames them: a town of 56 small establishments and 1,761 wage earners in 1899 became, by 1919, a city whose 32 establishments averaged 158 wage earners each, and whose invested capital had multiplied…
Mishawaka
- 1899–2018The Polish Schools — Nazareth and the Felicians
St. Casimir’s school: St. Casimir’s, the second Polish parish, opened its school in 1899 in its combination church-school building, dedicated March 4, 1899, at Dunham and Webster streets.
South Bend
- 1899–2026The police: from the elected marshal to the department at 100 Lincolnway West
The marshal era: The 1899 charter that made Mishawaka a city gave it an elected marshal among its elected officers — mayor, clerk, treasurer and marshal chosen at the ballot box, the town's law kept by an elected man and his deputies.
Mishawaka
- 1899–todayThe council: ten seats, seven seats, nine
The charter council: The government the voters approved in 1899 sat ten councilmen — two from each of the five wards into which the town board divided the new city — as the Story of Mishawaka section carries the charter from De Kever.
Mishawaka
- 1899–todayThe clerk, the treasurer, the controller, the judge
The charter officers: Under the 1899 frame the city elected its mayor, its clerk, its treasurer and its marshal, and the clerk and treasurer began as separate offices held by separate men.
Mishawaka
- 1899–todayThe police department: a founding anchor
From marshal to department: The charter of 1899 gave the city an elected marshal — the whole of its law enforcement in the charter's text, as the Story of Mishawaka section carries it.
Mishawaka
- 1899–todayThe council as people: the rolls of 1899 to 1963, and the ones who stayed
The founding ten: The first city council, seated in May 1899, is the first complete roll of Mishawaka servants the record keeps: First Ward, Lorenzo D. Partridge and John Z. Wilklow; Second, William B. Hosford and Millard F. Kerr; Third, Samuel G. Todd and Peter Tollens; Fourth, Jesse H. Gaines and Alfred S. Hess…
Mishawaka
- 1899–todayThe clerk's desk: keeper of the record
The Egglestons and Ganser: The clerk is the city's memory with a signature, and Mishawaka's first city clerk was Henry C. Eggleston , named in Howard's rosters of May 1899 and May 1900.
Mishawaka
- 1899–todayThe treasurer's desk and the controller's desk: keepers of the purse
William M. Clark is treasurer in Howard's roster of May 1899, and in 1900, and in 1902, and in 1904, and in November 1905 — five successive rosters, the whole span of Howard's lists, through three mayors (Fisher, Mix, Frank) and two changes of clerk.
Mishawaka
- 1899–todayEvery station claim, tested one by one
The county-frame claims, tested at boundary size: the organized South Bend station — a standing operation with conductors and a route — fails on its own earliest carriers: the tradition enters print in J. B. Dakin's South Bend Daily Tribune reminiscence of 25 April 1899 and in Windle (1939), and the tradition itself…
Mishawaka