All cities · 19th century
1830s
293 dated events in 1830s, in order. Part of the full timeline.
19th century 293 dated mentions
1830s
- 1830The trial of Big Leg · 1830
In 1830 and 1831 he represented twenty Myaamia people, most likely the inhabitants of his village, in the annuity collections; in the treaties of 1834 and 1838 he received two reserves along the Aboite, across the river from White Raccoon's village, between Huntington and Fort Wayne.
Fort Wayne
- 1830The forty acres: county purchase and canal land inside the plat
The two halves: The county's twenty acres, entered at the statutory minimum — twenty-five dollars of county money for twenty acres in the middle of the town — became the County Addition, laid off in 1830.
Fort Wayne
- 1830Mills on the rivers
In 1830 Henry Rudisill built the town's first gristmill on the St. Joseph, at a point Griswold's township history describes as chosen for "special facilities for building the dam" — the right bank of the St. Joseph…
Fort Wayne
- 1830The series in full: city and county, census by census, 1830–2020
The whole table: Allen County enters the census in 1830, six years after its organization; the town of Fort Wayne was not separately returned until 1850, the first census after its incorporation as a city in 1840, so the city series opens then.
Fort Wayne
- 1830The eras of growth, read off the numbers
Allen County went from 996 people in 1830 to 29,328 in 1860 — a twenty-nine-fold increase in thirty years — as the land sales, the Wabash and Erie Canal (reached Fort Wayne in the 1830s and completed through to Toledo in 1843) and the first farms pulled settlers into the Maumee valley.
Fort Wayne
- 1830Rudisill Mill (the Johns Mill, the St. Joe Mill)
Founded: In the autumn of 1830 Henry Rudisill and Henry Johns erected a flouring mill on the right (west) bank of the St. Joseph River, in the southwest quarter of Section 36, Washington Township…
Fort Wayne
- 1830A county, and a county seat that had to be moved
The tidy version of this story is wrong in an interesting way: St. Joseph County was created by act of the Indiana legislature on January 29, 1830, effective April 1, and organized that August — named, like the river, for St. Joseph.
South Bend
- 1830Badin's mission and the band that stayed
The oldest institution in South Bend began as a mission to the people about to be dispossessed: In 1830 the Reverend Stephen Badin — the first Catholic priest ordained in the United States — bought 524 acres a mile north of the settlement, around two small lakes, and founded there the mission of St. Mary of the Lakes, Ste.
South Bend
- 1830The series in full: city and county, census by census, 1830–2020
The whole table: St. Joseph County was organized in 1830 and counted that year; South Bend was not separately returned until 1850, so the city series opens then.
South Bend
- 1830The eras of growth, read off the numbers
St. Joseph County went from 287 people in 1830 to 10,954 in 1850 and 33,178 in 1880, as the land sales, the river trade and the first farms drew settlers to the bend of the St. Joseph.
South Bend
- 1830Into market: the land office and the first entries
Surveyed land could be bought, and the county's land was bought fast: Chapman's county history states the opening plainly: "The lands in St. Joseph county, although ceded to the United States Government some years previous by the Pottawatomie Indians, did not come into market until the spring of 1830.
Mishawaka
- 1830Where the paper lives: recorder, surveyor, and the archives
Mishawaka's land paper has always lived in South Bend, and the county built its archive deliberately: The county seat is four miles down the river, and the townsite's deeds, plats and mortgages were recorded there from the beginning, in the office of the county recorder…
Mishawaka
- 1830The first cabins, 1830–1832
Settlement reached the rapids a few years before the works did: The earliest white settlers near the future townsite came in 1830 — the families the record names as Coe, Mote and Skinner — followed in 1831 by families from Ireland.
Mishawaka
- 1830The settlers of 1830
The township's first name is a settler's: "The prairie and the township both received their name from Jacob Harris, who settled in the township in 1830."
Granger
- 1830Jacob Harris: the namesake of the prairie and the township
The tie, exactly: settler, 1830 — the man Harris Prairie and Harris Township are named for. Howard's sentence is the record's core: "The prairie and the township both received their name from Jacob Harris, who settled in the township in 1830."
Granger
- 1830Samuel Bell: a first land entry and a marriage into the Harris household
The tie, exactly: settler, 1830 — one of the two men whose entries of 19 April 1830 are the first in St. Joseph County's land record, and Jacob Harris's son-in-law, who "came with his father-in-law" on Howard's telling.
Granger
- 1830The Ringles: Adam, and David with his sons Samuel and Levi — three sections of one surname
Adam Ringle came in 1830 with the first party, on both histories, and settled Section 15; he died before Chapman wrote in 1880.
Granger
- 1830Harris Prairie: the named opening in the barrens
Howard's county history states the naming directly: "The prairie and the township both received their name from Jacob Harris," who settled on it in 1830; Samuel Bell, his son-in-law, came with him, and David and Josephus Baldwin the same year or the year before.
Granger
- 1830Into market: the first entries in the county were made on this ground
Surveyed and ceded, the ground could be bought — and the county's market opened here: Chapman's county history states the opening plainly: "The lands in St. Joseph county, although ceded to the United States Government some years previous by the Pottawatomie Indians, did not come into market until the spring of 1830.
Granger
- 1830Where the paper lives, and the map made private
This ground's land paper has always lived in South Bend, and the county built its archive deliberately: The county seat is six miles southwest of the frame, and the deeds, mortgages and school-land instruments of these townships were recorded there from the beginning, in the office of the county recorder…
Granger
- 1830Hamilton Methodist Church — the county's first Methodist society, organized 1830
Chapman calls James Armstrong "the Evangelist of Methodism in this county," here until his death in the fall of 1834, and records that the first Methodist society in St. Joseph County was organized at the house of Paul Egbert on Terre Coupee Prairie: eight individuals, with John Egbert as class-leader, formed…
New Carlisle
- 1830–1831The Survey and the Plat
By act of the General Assembly approved 29 January 1830, St. Joseph County was formed — with Elkhart County in the same act — its organized existence to run from 1 April 1830; on 27 August 1830 the county organized itself at the house of Alexis Coquillard, the justices sworn with L. M. Taylor, the trader, as the county's first clerk.
South Bend
- 1830–1831The First Public Ground: The Plat's Public Square
When Lathrop M. Taylor, Alexis Coquillard and their associates bid for the county seat in 1830, the bonds they gave the county commissioners conveyed the town's numbered lots to the county's use, together with lots for religious societies and school purposes and four acres for a public graveyard…
South Bend
- 1830–1831The county's first law: sheriff, constables, and a log jail
St. Joseph County was organized in August 1830; its courts sat at South Bend, and its coercive apparatus was built in a single season.
New Carlisle
- 1830–1834Before the cemeteries: burial on a settlement ground
The settlers of 1830 buried their first dead four years before this ground had a burying ground: Harris Prairie Cemetery's sign and record date its opening to 1834 — after the first land entries of April 1830, and two years before Harris Township itself was organized in January 1836.
Granger
- 1830–1835The founding claims, as a pair: who came first, and who founded
Around the denial the page fixes the Vails' true place: Charles Vail settled in 1830 and was afterward elected County Judge, and "this township received its name in honor of the wife of Charles Vail" — the township's name is Olive's monument, the marriage claim false.
New Carlisle
- 1830–1835The state as landowner: office, survey, and first sales
Ceded in 1826, the county's lands "did not come into market until the spring of 1830."
New Carlisle
- 1830–1837Building the road: commissioners, scrip and the South Bend land sale
The state built the road the way it paid for everything in 1830 — on land and on credit: The act of 29 January 1830 set the road's physical terms: opened one hundred feet wide, grubbed clear for thirty feet down the center.
South Bend
- 1830–1837The first settlers of the township
Asher White came at sixteen in 1830; his full course stands in the long-tail register below. The chapter also names the founding dead: Samuel and Jesse Garwood, Jeremiah Williamson, John Baker, James Shingleton, Nathan Haines, Isaac Phillips and Jacob Egbert.
New Carlisle
- 1830–1850Breaking the prairie: the first crops, 1830–1850
Chapman's Harris Township chapter, read first-hand for this build, records that Jacob Harris, who came in 1830 and settled on Harris Prairie, "raised the first wheat that was cut in the township, it being harvested in 1831," and that his neighbor Jacob Meyer, come the spring of 1831 and still living on section 15 in…
Granger
- 1830–1851The stage-road town: hotel, store, post office, and Hamilton's eclipse
The town grew up on the Michigan Road, located through this ground in 1830.
New Carlisle
- 1830–1851The road on this ground: located 1830, and the town it made
Chapman, whose 1880 county history is this build's first-hand carrier for the road's local course, records that the first regularly located road in St. Joseph County was made in 1830 under Judge Polk of Logansport, by order of the State — the Michigan Road, run from Madison on the Ohio River to the mouth of Trail Creek…
New Carlisle
- 1830–1860The First Courts, the First Sheriff, and a Jail of Hewn Oak
St. Joseph County was organized by act of the General Assembly dated January 29, 1830, effective April 1, 1830, and its first seat of justice sat briefly on William Brookfield's farm southwest of the bend before the commissioners settled the seat at South Bend on September 7, 1831.
South Bend
- 1830–1860The First Courts, the First Sheriff, and the First Jail — the County Frame Whole
The first term: St. Joseph County was formed by act of the General Assembly approved 29 January 1830, its organization effective 1 April 1830, and its Board of Justices assembled on 27 August 1830 at the house of Alexis Coquillard, with L. M. Taylor…
Mishawaka
- 1830–1861Terre Coupee's founders: Hubbard, Egbert, and the man named Hamilton
Jacob Egbert (died 17 January 1871, aged 76, at Hamilton) was of the township's first family: his kinsmen Paul and John Egbert hosted the county's first Methodist society in 1830, and an Egbert — John — served as the county agent who carried out the first county-seat bond issue, with Jacob Egbert as one of his bondsmen.
New Carlisle
- 1830–1880Byrkits and Curtises: orchard seeds and a chief's grave
1873) and Catharine (Bumgardner) Byrkit, North Carolina natives who came by Ohio and Kentucky; Edmund came to the county in 1830, selected a location, planted apple seeds, went back and brought the family the following year — the township's orchards descend, on the sketch's telling, from those seeds.
Osceola
- 1830–1880Judies and Eutzlers: two families of the township's first decade
Three datings — 1830, 1831, 1832 — and three spellings of the name stand as the three sources print them. Jacob Eutzler, proprietor of the stillborn Greensburg plat of 1835 in range 3 east, stands in the rival-plats article; his relation to George's family is unstated and unassigned.
Osceola
- 1830–1880First courts, first sheriff, first jail: the county's law, and the township's own officers
St. Joseph County was organized in 1830, its government passing to a board of commissioners on January 19, 1831.
Walkerton
- 1830–1880Charles and Olive Vail: the woman the township is named for
Charles Vail settled in the township in 1830 and was afterward elected a county judge. His wife was Olive (Stanton) Vail.
New Carlisle
- 1830–1880The first settlers, in their own sketches — and the three texts that do not agree
David Rupel is the biography-depth anchor of the earliest stratum: born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, 31 July 1811, son of German-born parents, Jacob and Ann Rupel; he wintered in Elkhart County in 1830–31 and reached South Bend when it had two houses…
North Liberty
- 1830–1883The famous trials of the scaffold era · the record owned by the Crime section
In 1830 the Miami leader Big Leg — Neewilenkwanka — stood trial in the county's early court, a case the Crime addendum carries.
Fort Wayne
- 1830–1907The prairie trade: a farm economy with no mill seat and no plat
The settlers Howard names from 1830 — Jacob Harris, for whom the prairie and then the township were named; David and Josephus Baldwin; Samuel Bell; Adam Miller; Adam Ringle; and the families who followed, Buell, Augustine, Meyer, Hartzell, Kennedy, the Ringles, Zaehnle, the Irvins, Lowry…
Granger
- 1830–1907First courts, first sheriff, first jail: the county's law, at boundary
St. Joseph County was organized in 1830, its government passing to a board of commissioners on January 19, 1831.
Osceola
- 1830–1921The oldest-institution claims, one by one
Chapman supports the claim in its parts, and the parts have two dates: the first Methodist society in St. Joseph County was organized at the house of Paul Egbert on Terre Coupee Prairie, its class formed, by the society's tradition, in 1830; and "the first church was built at Hamilton in 1838, by the Methodists"…
New Carlisle
- 1830–1928One street, four names — and the Death Crossing
Michigan Street through New Carlisle is one street under four names: the Michigan Road, located in 1830; the Lincoln Highway from 1913; State Road 2 in the first state numbering; and U.S. 20.
New Carlisle
- 1830–1987Before the clinics: the townships without a doctor
On the evidence of the county's own histories, it is the record, and it held, on every source reached, from the first cabins of 1830 until the clinic era of the 1980s.
Granger
- 1830–2026The era structure, in five parts: every fortune on this ground assigned to its era
First era — trading and land: The ground's first wealth was land taken up at the April 1830 entries and after, and it stayed land: the settler fortunes of the People leg are farm accumulations…
Granger
- 1830–2026Hamilton: the first center, under its everyday name
Here the county's first Methodist society organized in 1830, in the cabin country of the Garwoods, Hubbards and Egberts; here the township's first school-house of the record stood, in Chapman's account; here the hotel-keeper whose enterprise founded the settlement kept his house…
New Carlisle
- 1830–2026The frame: three kinds of holder, five named grounds, and a federal list that undercounts
The congregation ground is Hamilton Church Cemetery, laid out with the Methodist society of 1830 at the township's first center.
New Carlisle
- 1830–2026Family grounds, and the register that stays silent
The GNIS-derived listing that seats this township's cemeteries warns, in its own text, that small private and family burial grounds may not appear in the public records at all…
New Carlisle
- 1830–todayPokagon's band: the exception that held
In August 1830 Father Stephen Badin arrived in the valley to raise the Catholic mission Pokagon's people had asked for; the Catholic Potawatomi of southwest Michigan and northwest Indiana acknowledged Pokagon as their leader, and he himself was baptized in 1833.
South Bend
- 1830–todayThe prairie nodes: Harris Prairie and the names the plats absorbed
Before the hamlet, the settlement was a prairie: the first community node of the ground is the Harris Prairie settlement itself — the joint Bell–Harris land entries of 19 April 1830 in Section 11, Township 38 North, Range 3 East, the county's first two land entries, taken by the party that gave the prairie and the…
Granger
- 1830–todayBurial grounds and communal institutions — the religious institutions between the congregations
The oldest is congregation ground: the Hamilton Church Cemetery at Hamilton, established 1830 with the Methodist society itself, entered in the Indiana Cemetery and Burial Grounds Registry and marked by the Indiana Historical Bureau in 2013…
New Carlisle
- 1830–todayHamilton Church Cemetery: the 1830 ground
The Methodist society organized at Hamilton in 1830 — the first congregation organized in St. Joseph County, on the Religion section's record — and its cemetery is the ground of that congregation, at the old Chicago Road crossing in the township's northeast, where the village of Hamilton stood.
New Carlisle
- 1831First Presbyterian Church
On 1 July 1831, under a rude shelter of boards near today's Columbia and Harrison streets, Chute organized the First Presbyterian Church of Fort Wayne.
Fort Wayne
- 1831St. Augustine's: the first Catholic parish
Father Stephen Badin — the first priest ordained in the United States — was placed in charge of the Potawatomi mission in Indiana in 1830, and the diocesan history records that he presided at the first Catholic baptism of record in Fort Wayne in 1831 and later at the first Catholic marriage of record.
Fort Wayne
- 1831The crossings: a succession of bridges at each site
The first crossing was a ferry, and it stood where La Salle Avenue stands: The crossing place at old Water Street, now La Salle Avenue, is one of the first spots where the river was crossed in this area; in 1831 Nehemiah B. Griffith received the first ferry license there.
South Bend
- 1831The dam and the races
In 1831 Coquillard and Taylor claimed the river's water rights on both banks — the future West Race on their side of the island divide and the East Race across it.
South Bend
- 1831The original plat: a polygon of quarter-acre lots
The city began as a speculation with 408 lots: Alexis Coquillard and Lathrop M. Taylor, who between them had come to own the townsite ground, laid out the town of South Bend on 8 March 1831 and recorded the plat that month.
South Bend
- 1831Lathrop M. Taylor — the second founder
The founding act: Lathrop Minor Taylor is the second name on the town's founding instrument: with Coquillard he bought the townsite when the cessions made it buyable and platted South Bend in 1831.
South Bend
- 1831The County Home: Public Poor Relief and Portage Manor
In 1831 the county commissioners began renting houses in South Bend for the destitute, and through the nineteenth century the system's two arms were the township trustees, who gave temporary relief to people in their homes, and the county poor farm, which took those who could not be kept at home.
South Bend
- 1831Newspapers and media: a press town from the first sheet
Its first newspaper was printed in 1831, when the settlement was a trading post on the St. Joseph River, and for the next century and a half the city's public business ran through its papers: a Whig register that made a Speaker of the House, a Democratic line that ran from 1853 to 1938 under five names, a Polish…
South Bend
- 1831The tavern era: the road's houses and the town's first licensed rooms
Its headlines belong here at pointer size: Peter Johnson's Michigan Hotel, at Michigan and Washington streets, opened in 1831 — a hewed-log house lit by tallow dips that took the road's wagon trade and, by tradition, hosted General Winfield Scott on his Black Hawk War march in 1832…
South Bend
- 1831Joseph Buell: Section 15, 1831
The tie, exactly: settler, 1831, on Section 15 — one of the four households (with Meyer, Augustine and Hartzel) that Chapman's chapter plants on that section in the settlement's second year.
Granger
- 1831Henry Augustine: Section 15, 1831
The tie, exactly: settler, 1831, on Section 15, in the same second-year party as Buell, Meyer and Hartzel on Chapman's chapter.
Granger
- 1831Hartzel: the settler the record kept only as a surname
The tie, exactly: settler, 1831, on Section 15. Howard's roll gives him as "Mr. Hartzell"; Chapman gives "Hartzel," settled 1831 on Section 15.
Granger
- 1831The enforcement succession: the sheriff's line, in the anchors the record keeps
The founding names stand in the first-law article: Samuel L. Cottrell, paid for sheriff's services in September 1831 and described by Chapman as holding the office "for several terms," and Benjamin McCarty, sheriff by the November term of 1831.
Granger
- 1831The county layer: sheriff, prosecutor, and jail, at boundary
The sheriff's line opens with the 1831 frame of the article above and is carried in the modern era by the anchors every build in this county prints: Sokol, elected in 1966; Speybroeck, holding the office 1995–1998; Canarecci, who resigned in 2010; Grzegorek, elected that November; Redman, holding 2019–2026 and term-limited out…
Osceola
- 1831–1834The first paper: the North-Western Pioneer and St. Joseph's Intelligencer
Its first number was issued on Wednesday, 16 November 1831, by two brothers, John D. and Joseph H. Defrees.
South Bend
- 1831–1834The first houses, one by one, none merged
South Bend's first hotel was Peter Johnson's, of 1831 — and its name prints with its small conflict whole: The History Museum's firsts list gives "1831…
Osceola
- 1831–1836The stands: the Michigan Hotel and Earl's Tavern
It was erected by Peter Johnson, who came up from Logansport early in 1831, in the road-building season itself, ferrying the Tippecanoe and Yellow rivers on Indian canoes because the ice was rotten.
South Bend
- 1831–1865The frame: a town of trustees, then a city
The plat and the county seat: South Bend was laid out in 1831 — the town plat recorded that March — as the seat of the new St. Joseph County, on land the fur traders Alexis Coquillard and Lathrop M. Taylor had bought and platted at the southernmost bend of the St. Joseph River.
South Bend
- 1831–1866The law over their heads, whole
Indiana's Black Laws of 1831 required Black residents to register and post bond. The federal Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 made seizure lawful anywhere in the state and penalised aid.
North Liberty
- 1831–1880Flour first: the first wheat of 1831, and the mill that stood outside the line
Chapman's county history (1880), in its Harris Township chapter, records that Jacob Harris, who came in 1830 and settled on Harris Prairie, "raised the first wheat that was cut in the township, it being harvested in 1831," and that his neighbor Jacob Meyer, come the spring of 1831, helped cut the crop.
Granger
- 1831–1880The Baugo mills and the Bancrofts: three accounts of the first mill, none reconciled
The conflict, whole: Chapman (pp. 789–790): "In 1831 or '32 a saw-mill was built on Bawbawgo creek, near where the village of Oceola now stands.
Osceola
- 1831–1880The Irelands: first justices, a rival plat, and a memoir that will not sign its author
Ireland (Chapman, p. 819): born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, 28 June 1807, son of Andrew and Elizabeth Ireland; the family removed in 1816 to Preble County, Ohio, where his father died in 1822…
Osceola
- 1831–1881The law over their heads: the 1831 bond law, Article XIII, and the 1851 referendum
The regime began with a bond: Indiana's act of 1831 required every Black person coming into the state to register and to give a bond of five hundred dollars, with sureties, conditioned on good behavior and self-support — a sum beyond the reach of nearly any newcomer, which was the point.
Mishawaka
- 1831–1884The mills on the Baugo: an unnamed first sawmill (1831 or '32) → Zelotes Bancroft's second mill → the brothers' saw-and-grist mill of 1856 → Frederick Lang's sawmill (1864) → the directory's last mill (1884)
The milling succession is the Story of Osceola section of this section, and it is Chapman's text that carries it: "In 1831 or '32 a saw-mill was built on Bawbawgo creek, near where the village of Oceola now stands.
Osceola
- 1831–1900The wheat era and its passing
On the family farms the wheat years are visible only at the record's smaller size: the 1831 first cutting, the 1835 frost, and the pattern of the 1875 directory, in which Harris's patrons describe themselves not as wheat growers but as produce and stock men — the directory's own words are the next entry's subject.
Granger
- 1831–1907The county asylum first: the poorhouse, its insane charges, and their conditions
The county's first asylum course is the poorhouse course, and it begins in rented rooms: in 1831 the St. Joseph County commissioners began renting houses in South Bend for the destitute, qualifying them by "age, infirmity or other misfortune."
Granger
- 1831–1907The county asylum first: the poorhouse, the county home, and its insane charges
St. Joseph County's commissioners began renting houses in South Bend for the destitute in 1831. In 1846 the county established a “permanent” asylum on 120 acres near Nutwood, named White Hall.
Osceola
- 1831–1911The working river: keelboats, steamboats, and the lock that leaked
Canoes had carried the fur trade for a century and a half before him; the organized freight business begins in 1831, when Peter Johnson, a South Bend carpenter, bought a French trader's pirogue at Niles, split it lengthwise, and rebuilt it as the keelboat Fairplay…
South Bend
- 1831–1914Before the daily: the county press reaches the prairie
The county's press begins at the county seat: the Northwestern Pioneer and St. Joseph Intelligencer of 1831 stands at the head of the MPHPL holdings list's South Bend titles, and the line runs through the St. Joseph Valley Register — the weekly at which the Tribune's founders learned the trade — to the dailies of the industrial era.
Granger
- 1831–1916The first-forms layer: the first mill's accounts printed whole, the Hawes test, and tested negatives for tannery, tavern, and market house
The first gristmill, and the first sawmill before it, in every account the record holds — printed whole, none reconciled: (1) Chapman (1880), pp. 789–790: a saw-mill built on Baugo Creek in 1831 or '32, builder unnamed…
Osceola
- 1831–1956The Enforcement Line: Sheriffs, Marshals, and Chiefs
The county's enforcement began with its sheriff — Samuel L. Cottrell, appointed 1831 — and the city's with its marshal.
South Bend
- 1831–1984The first ledger is the home market: produce, stock, and through freight, 1831–1984
Chapman’s History of St. Joseph County (1880) records that Jacob Harris, come in 1830, “raised the first wheat that was cut in the township, it being harvested in 1831,” with his neighbour Jacob Meyer helping to cut it — wheat being, in the banked farms leg’s words, “the cash crop a new prairie could sell.”
Granger
- 1831–2012The chronological ladder — Mishawaka's firms, oldest first
1831–32 — Joseph Pemberton's lathe. A settler's lathe turning chairs and bedposts near the rapids, counted by historian Janice Bridges, in De Kever's account, as the first manufacturing in the area — before the town, before the furnace.
Mishawaka
- 1831–2026The police: constables, marshals, and the uniformed department
The department's own published history begins its line with constables appointed in 1831, the year the town was platted as county seat, and dates the name South Bend Police Department to 1903.
South Bend
- 1832Canal groundbreaking
The engineering fell to a 24-year-old North Carolinian, Jesse Lynch Williams , named chief engineer of the canal in 1832 and within five years engineer of all Indiana's public works.
Fort Wayne
- 1832Ground is broken for the canal
The canal began here, and the date was chosen twice over: 22 February 1832 was Washington's birthday, and it also beat a federal land-grant deadline falling in early March.
Fort Wayne
- 1832The canal's river engineering: feeder dam, feeder canal, aqueduct
The dam, begun in 1832 and finished only in 1834 against repeated flood delays, was built of trees, sand, boulders, and gravel — 17 feet high and 230 feet across the river, at a recorded cost of $15,397 — impounding a lake to feed the summit.
Fort Wayne
- 1832The Black Hawk War · minute men, a stockade, and the "bloody three hundred"
The county's first war was a fright that never arrived — and its record survives in a participant's own telling: When Black Hawk's war broke out in 1832, South Bend raised a company and built a fort.
South Bend
- 1832Bog iron and Alanson Hurd
Alanson M. Hurd of Detroit heard of the deposits and, in the summer of 1832, sent William Earl to scout them. Earl found a large deposit near the Twin Branches, three miles upriver.
Mishawaka
- 1832The township frame: Penn Township's series
The city sits inside a township older than itself, and the township counts everyone — inside the line and out: Penn Township was one of the three original townships laid out by the county board on 6 May 1832 — Penn taking all of the county east of Range Two East in the first division…
Mishawaka
- 1832The clerk's line: L. M. Taylor at the first court, Amy Rolfes, Stephanie Ball — and the long middle the record has not printed
The first clerk the record names: The county's first circuit court of which there is any record sat on 22 October 1832, in the bar-room of Calvin Lilly's tavern, Judge John R. Porter presiding…
Granger
- 1832The Civil Frame: County and Township
The government arrived while the ground was still being taken — and the two county histories date its arrival differently: Howard gives the full sequence: a first division on 25 November 1830 by the board of justices, under which this ground lay in Portage township's eastern reach and its three-mile strip was still…
Osceola
- 18321832: the Black Hawk alarm and the fort
In the Black Hawk War summer of 1832 the settlement on Terre Coupee Prairie heard that an Indian had killed a white man near present Chicago.
New Carlisle
- 1832The taking: the Treaty of Tippecanoe, 26 October 1832
The townsite was ceded by the Potawatomi treaty concluded on Tippecanoe River on 26 October 1832.
North Liberty
- 1832–1833The first court — Chapman's fifth chapter read first-hand: the first term, the first indictment
The first session of the Circuit Court was held on the 22d day of October, 1832, at the tavern of Calvin Lilley in the village of South Bend, Hon. John R. Porter presiding.
South Bend
- 1832–18331832–1833: the Tippecanoe treaties and the removal treaty
Three treaties of October 1832 and the Treaty of Chicago of 1833 complete the instrument roll; none of them takes this ground, which was already ceded.
New Carlisle
- 1832–1836The extinguishment sequence for the reserves, dated step by step
Step one is creation: the Treaty of Tippecanoe of 26 October 1832 reserved tracts by acreage for named bands, among them twenty-two sections for the bands of Menominee, Notawkah, Muckkahtahmoah and Pepinawah at Twin Lakes, in present Marshall County, the reserve the land-records file places in Township 33 North…
Lakeville
- 1832–1840William L. Earl — the tavern-keeper the town grew around
The Atlas: in June 1832 William L. Earl "came out prospecting from Detroit", concluded with Alanson M. Hurd that the St. Joseph valley near Mishawaka held iron ore, and determined to make a town — the St. Joseph Iron Works, laid out in July 1833 (Howard: "Laid out and surveyed for Earl and Hurd"), its tavern "called 'Earl's'".
Lakeville
- 1832–1845The iron system: ore, charcoal, and water
Alanson M. Hurd of Detroit sent William Earl to scout the deposits in the summer of 1832; Earl found a large deposit near the Twin Branches, three miles upriver.
Mishawaka
- 1832–1848Before the town: the county's first wars
The Black Hawk War predates the town: The St. Joseph Iron Company's townsite on the south bank of the river was platted in 1833; the Black Hawk War was fought in 1832.
Mishawaka
- 1832–1875The churches before this one — Badin's chapel and the Old Church of 1848
Claude Allouez established a mission on the south shore of St. Mary's Lake in 1686, Ste.-Marie-des-Lacs, serving the Potawatomi and the French of the area; after the French and Indian War the missionaries were expelled, and in 1832 Fr.
Notre Dame
- 1832–1882Before the iron horse — the canal, and the railroad that replaced it
The Wabash and Erie Canal, ground for which was broken at Fort Wayne in February 1832, made the city the summit level of a waterway that climbed from Toledo on Lake Erie to the head of the Maumee and descended the Wabash valley toward the Ohio.
Fort Wayne
- 1832–1907The Old Settlers' Stock: The Stories Howard Collected
Of the spring of 1832 he says: “In 1832 the report of the uprising of the northwestern Indians spread like wildfire.
South Bend
- 1832–1959The township district century: fourteen districts, fourteen one-room schools
Schooling on this ground begins as a township act: in the fall of 1832, the year Penn Township itself was laid out, the township was divided into fourteen school districts.
Osceola
- 1832–1978The other state roads: the Vistula Road and the Chicago Road
An act of February 1832 appointed commissioners "to survey, mark and locate a road from South Bend… by way of the mouth of the Elkhart River… and the county seat of Lagrange County to the east line of this State, in the direction of Vistula (now Toledo)"; the legislature named the line but, unlike the Michigan Road's act, fixed no width.
South Bend
- 1832–2011The Towpath: a canal, an interurban, and a trail walk into Aboite
The canal: The Wabash and Erie Canal was the machine built to abolish the portage in the first article of this section, and it was begun at Fort Wayne: ground was broken on 22 February 1832 where the St. Joseph feeder canal was to meet the main channel.
Fort Wayne
- 1832–2026The frame: how a town inside a township keeps a service record
The ground: Penn Township was organized on 6 May 1832, one of St. Joseph County's three original townships, and it holds two towns: Mishawaka, a city, and Osceola, platted on 17 November 1837 on the St. Joseph River where Baugo Creek comes in.
Osceola
- 1832–todayThe military ground of City Cemetery
The ground: City Cemetery, at 214 North Elm Street, is South Bend's oldest cemetery, founded in 1832 on land given by the town's founders, and its National Register nomination carries the cemetery's military record whole.
South Bend
- 1832–todayThe Courthouse Square — Three Courthouses, One of Them Moved
The first courthouse (1833): In January 1832 the St. Joseph County commissioners voted to build a courthouse, and on 7 February they accepted Peter Johnson's proposal to build it for $6,000.
South Bend
- 1832–todayThe Vistula Road: the state road of 1832, and Second Street
The town was bisected by a road before it was much of a town: In February 1832 the Indiana legislature appointed commissioners "to survey, mark and locate a road from South Bend… by way of the mouth of the Elkhart River… and the county seat of Lagrange County to the east line of this State, in the direction of Vistula…
Mishawaka
- 1833The school section: how the townsite was bought
Indiana sold its school lands through a machinery of its own, modeled on the federal example but run by state and county officers: the congressional township's school trustees subdivided the section into numbered lots and fixed a minimum price for each division, and the county's school commissioner conducted the sales…
Mishawaka
- 1833Hurd's plat as an instrument
The founding document of the city is a surveyor's description, and Howard prints it whole: Alanson M. Hurd's dedication of the village of St. Joseph Iron Works, signed 15 July 1833, describes a plat of fifty-two and seven-tenths acres: its exterior line "begins on the top of the bluff, on the south side of the St.…
Mishawaka
- 1833The addition system: the legal frame of a paper town
The founding generation's filings can be counted whole, because Howard enumerates them: Hurd's original plat (1833); its re-filing with additions on three sides (1835); Hurd's out-lots (1835); Barbee & Harman's town plat (1835); Taylor's Addition (1836); Indiana City (1836); Fowler's Addition (1836)…
Mishawaka
- 1833The village of St. Joseph Iron Works
The town was the works, wearing a plat: In the summer of 1833 Hurd platted his town on the south bank around the furnace — the founding is dated July 15, 1833 — and named it for the enterprise: the Village of St. Joseph Iron Works.
Mishawaka
- 1833The firms, at spine size: the cluster beats
The furnace and the water-power cluster: The cluster begins where the Story of Mishawaka section begins: Hurd's blast furnace of 1833–34, the first successful iron furnace in Indiana, blown in on bog ore and charcoal, and the dam of 1837 — 577 feet long, $38,000…
Mishawaka
- 1833The townsite the schoolchildren owned
Indiana sold its school lands through its own machinery, and Chapman's Penn Township history gives the transaction its fullest surviving form: "This land (being school land), where Mishawaka now stands, upon petition of the settlers to the School Commissioner, was purchased Jan. 1, 1833, by Mr. Hurd, who had promised…
Mishawaka
- 1833Robert Kennedy: the first schoolmaster, in the first schoolhouse
The tie, exactly: settler, 1833 on Chapman's dating — his cabin stood on Section 14 — and, on Howard's first-hand record, the first schoolmaster of Harris Township, teaching in the township's first schoolhouse, a log building fourteen by sixteen feet with a stick-and-mud chimney.
Granger
- 1833The small houses, carried at their record size
William L. Earl's Mishawaka tavern of 1833 (art-69-1) is the smallest house of record: a tavern stand run by an iron-works partner, known to history because its keeper's daughter remembered the meteor shower and the swindle story, not because the house advertised.
Osceola
- 1833The 1833 cohort: Henderson, the Rectors, Gardner
John Henderson came with his family in 1833 — to Section 25 in Chapman, Section 26 in the Atlas, the conflict registered — and stands at the head of the township's civil order: elected justice of the peace at the first election in April 1836, and named by the Atlas as both first justice of the peace and first postmaster of the township.
Lakeville
- 1833–1834The Lowrys: James of Leeds by way of Delaware, his son's 350 acres, and the grandson who founded the village's trade
The tie, exactly: settlers, 1833 — with the variance printed whole. Howard's biographical sketch of the grandson carries the family in: James Lowry, born at Leeds, Yorkshire, came to America by way of Delaware and in 1833 entered the Harris Township farm, dying about 1840 at forty-nine.
Granger
- 1833–1836First settlements: 1833, near the site of the town
The first settlements in the township were made in 1833, near the present townsite. The two county histories agree on the year, the place, and the men.
North Liberty
- 1833–1836The first-settler claims (C47)
Chapman, narrative, p. 718: "The first settlements were made in 1833 near North Liberty, by John Kane, John and Jacob Earhart and Isaac Townsend."
North Liberty
- 1833–1837The founders on both sides, in one frame
On the settler side, the founding group as the two bedrock histories carry it: first settlements in 1833 near the townsite by John Kane, John and Jacob Earhart, and Isaac Townsend (Chapman p. 718, Howard agreeing).
North Liberty
- 1833–1838The four plats: two towns on each bank, 1833–1838
The south bank was platted first, around a furnace: Alanson M. Hurd bought the 640-acre School Section 16 on 1 January 1833 at $1.25 an acre, and in the summer of 1833, as his blast furnace rose, the village of St. Joseph Iron Works was platted to the south — founded, in the city's commissioned history's dating, on 15 July 1833.
Mishawaka
- 1833–1838Four paper towns, gathered into one name
Alanson Hurd's village of 1833 was St. Joseph Iron Works. Indiana City was platted on the north bank.
Mishawaka
- 1833–1841The settler roll, whole
1833: Elijah Lineback (Section 35, Chapman/Atlas); John Henderson (25 Chapman, 26 Atlas); John, Jacob and Mark Rector (Section 1); John Gardner (Section 3, Atlas and Howard; absent from Chapman).
Lakeville
- 1833–1842The speculation era and its bust, at the strength this ground allows
The frame is dated: the La Porte land office opened in 1833 and the first district sale ran that August, in the national land boom that peaked in 1836; Indiana borrowed for its internal-improvement system in the same years; the Panic of 1837 broke the boom, and the state's works collapsed into the 1840s.
Lakeville
- 1833–1849Buckets, hooks and ladders — the first fire company
The petition: The first step toward a fire department in Fort Wayne was taken on 1 March 1833, when fifteen citizens — James Barnett, Samuel Edsall, William N. Hood, Dr. L. G. Thompson, Henry Rudisill, James Daniels, Joseph Morgan, David Rankin, John Forsythe, William H. Henderson, Zenas Henderson, J. B. Bequette, W.…
Fort Wayne
- 1833–1865Hugh McCulloch's ladder
Hugh McCulloch settled here in 1833, practised law, and from 1835 ran the Fort Wayne branch of the State Bank of Indiana; three decades later he was Abraham Lincoln's Comptroller of the Currency and then, from March 1865, Secretary of the Treasury…
Fort Wayne
- 1833–1926Surface succession on the founding road: dirt, gravel, pavement — the dated parts, and the gap between them
What the record reached actually dates: the Vistula Road of 1833 was a located state road in the period's ordinary form — a surveyed line cleared through the timber along the river's south bank, fording the creek at Eagle Point and Stevely's Point…
Osceola
- 1833–1927The towns the city absorbed: four plats, a furnace village, and the ground that came in after
The first was a company community in the strict sense: the village of St. Joseph Iron Works, platted in the summer of 1833 around Alanson Hurd's blast furnace, its first population — about a hundred residents in 1834…
Mishawaka
- 1833–2020The Sentinel (later the News-Sentinel)
Fort Wayne's first newspaper, founded 6 July 1833 by Thomas Tigar and Samuel V. B. Noel with $500 in promised local backing; weekly at first, daily from January 1861; carried through the Times and Sentinel and The Democrat names and back to Sentinel in 1873…
Fort Wayne
- 1833–2026Lincolnway through town
One street has carried every age of the road: the way through Osceola began as the Vistula Road of 1833, fording Baugo Creek at Eagle Point and Stevely's Point (the Story of Osceola section leg carries the survey and the fords), became the Lincoln Highway in the named-roads age, and carried the through automobile…
Osceola
- 1833–todayThe Belgians: the city within the city
The chain began with a priest's letters: Father Louis de Seille, the first Belgian in the St. Joseph River valley, came to America in 1832 and in 1833 sent letters home to Belgium encouraging his former altar boys to follow.
Mishawaka
- 1834First Presbyterian Church: Organized May 3, 1834
The church itself was organized three years later: on May 3, 1834, families, husbands and wives with their children, met in the house of Horatio Chapin, on Michigan Street near LaSalle Avenue, to form the pioneer church.
South Bend
- 1834The crossings, whole
Before the first bridge there was a ferry, and the marker record gives the crossing's whole early course in four structures: The Indiana Historical Bureau's First Bridge marker (71.1968.2), which stood at the southwest corner of Main and Mishawaka Avenue, records that a ferry worked the crossing from 1834…
Mishawaka
- 1834First Presbyterian Church: The Oldest Organization in the City
The founding: The First Presbyterian Church was organized on 25 July 1834, while Mishawaka was still the iron-works village of St. Joseph, by the Hurd, Dean and Smith families with the Rev. Noah M. Wells, who had come to the village as a furnace supervisor, and it worshipped first in Philo Hurd's home and in Earl's Tavern.
Mishawaka
- 1834The county frame: the Huggart Settlement is not Mishawaka's
The county's earliest Black settlement stood in the south county, and this entry prints the boundary so the Mishawaka file neither claims it nor loses it: Frederick A. Karst's article in the Indiana Magazine of History , read first-hand, documents the Huggart Settlement: Samuel Huggart bought eighty acres at the La…
Mishawaka
- 1834The first houses: two hotels, one saloon outside the limits, and the temperance fight of 1834
The saloon that started the argument: Timothy Edward Howard's History of St. Joseph County (1907) opens its temperance chapter with Mishawaka: "In 1834 a similar society was organized in Mishawaka" — a temperance society, a year after the town's founding…
Mishawaka
- 1834Flour first: the mill-race ground the food trade started on
Orlando Hurd opened the Mishawaka Hotel in 1834, and "the traveling public were furnished with ample entertainment in the wilderness of the St. Joseph Valley," as the 1875 county atlas puts it; the first preaching in the settlement was held in a tavern kept by Mr. Finch, the same atlas records.
Mishawaka
- 1834Temperance as an actor on this plant
The crusade's local course, at pointer size: Mishawaka organized a temperance society in 1834, the year of its first iron furnace, and took offense at a saloon opened just outside its limits; the fight's whole course — the society, the Washingtonians, the dry-law controversies…
Mishawaka
- 1834Arbogast Zaehnle: the 1834 arrival whose farm his son was still working in 1907
The tie, exactly: settler, 1834 — and here the dating needs care, printed whole: Howard lists Zaehnle among the "very early settlers" without a year; Chapman dates the coming to 1834, on Section 22, with Zaehnle still residing there in 1880…
Granger
- 1834William C. Kownover: the pattern maker who took charge of a widow's farm in 1865 — or 1868
The course: Kownover was of the Dutch Kovenhoven line, born in Limestone Township, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, on 25 December 1834 to Richard and Katharine (Dye) Kownover.
Granger
- 1834The first bank: the State Bank of Indiana's South Bend branch — and its documented absence here
The first bank of the county record is the State Bank of Indiana, chartered January 28, 1834, with headquarters at Indianapolis and authority to establish ten district branches.
Granger
- 1834The Huggart Settlement: the first community, whole
The first land purchase was in 1834, and it was made by free Black brothers.
North Liberty
- 1834–1835The building through this county, and the course through town
Chief credit, says Howard, belongs to one man — and the county section was finished in 1834 and 1835. Howard's roads chapter (Vol. 1, Ch.
Lakeville
- 1834–1836The Moon brothers and Michael Hupp
6 March 1816, Wayne County, of English origin, a Quaker's grandson) first came to the county in 1834 from Warren County "walking all the way", arrived with nine dollars, worked for John Rush on the Michigan road at fourteen dollars a month while Rush entered his land for him, worked summers here and wintered in Warren…
Lakeville
- 1834–1838The Forks of the Wabash, 1834 and 1838: the reserves are bought back
1834: At the Forks of the Wabash — Richardville's own seat, at present Huntington — Commissioner William Marshall bought back the tribal reserves the 1826 treaty had created eight years before: thirty-six sections at Flat Belly's village; the five-mile reserve on the Wabash, about 23,000 acres, running back to Eel River…
Fort Wayne
- 1834–1844The towns that were not: Williamsport, Canton, Greensburg
Williamsport — surveyed by Thomas P. Bulla for proprietor John Newell, plat acknowledged 13 December 1834, at the junction of the St. Joseph River and Babaugo Creek in section 9; it "has left no record but its plat."
Osceola
- 1834–1863The watch, the policemen, and the force of 1863
The first night watch, 1834: In June 1834 the town trustees ordained a watch of "at least four judicious men," to guard the town "from the ravages of fire and to prevent disorderly conduct within said corporation" — the fire watch and the police watch were the same four men.
Fort Wayne
- 1834–1868First classrooms: the subscription school, the select school, and Institute No. 1, 1834–1854
The first school: Mishawaka's schooling begins, on the record the schools themselves keep, in 1834 — a small class taught by a Miss Thatcher in a private home, in the iron-works village's first years.
Mishawaka
- 1834–1872Samuel Huggart: the 1834 purchase
On 11 September 1834 Samuel applied at the La Porte land office for a patent on eighty acres — the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 29, T36N R2E — and paid $100, or $1.25 an acre, the minimum price for the minimum purchase under the federal land law of 1820.
Lakeville
- 1834–1880The prairie holders: Reynolds, Clark and Ranstead
Clark (born 1816 in Warren County, Ohio; came to the county in 1834) held 1,500 acres alone, dealt in lands, served as township supervisor, and was elected Justice of the Peace — "and refused to serve," the law's loss being the prairie's gain.
New Carlisle
- 1834–1880The teachers: Samuel Bate and Professor Rowell
He married Harmony Allen in 1830 — she died in 1860 and lies beside him at Hamilton — and "arrived in this county 'Sept. 31, 1834,'" as Chapman prints it: September has thirty days, and the impossible date prints here as the record's own, flagged and uncorrected, because the error is itself part of what the record is.
New Carlisle
- 1834–1890Andrew and Samuel Huggart — the profile
Samuel Huggart (b. c. 1804, Virginia) made the settlement's founding act — a federal land purchase at the La Porte land office on 11 September 1834, eighty acres in Section 29, patented 20 March 1837 — and appears in no county history: the only Samuel the works know is his nephew Samuel M., born 1852.
Lakeville
- 1834–1901The first forms — gristmill, tannery, stores and taverns, the bank, the market house
The first gristmill — here, a flouring mill, and its builder's name is a conflict: Howard's business-enterprises roll states it in one sentence: "During the year 1834, Orlando Hurd opened a hotel for the accommodation of the traveling public; and in the following year Francis P. Taylor erected the first flouring mill."
Mishawaka
- 1834–1907The land era: Antrim acres and the farm fortunes, unsized
Samuel Huggart's eighty acres, purchased in 1834, is the figure the Indiana Historical Bureau's marker review prints — a free Black family's founding holding, worked in the Huggart Settlement article of the communities leg.
North Liberty
- 1834–1908The river as transit: the ford, the ferry of 1834, and the subscription bridge of 1837
The first organized crossing service was a ferry: the Indiana Historical Bureau's marker at the southwest corner of Main Street and Mishawaka Avenue records that the first bridge replaced a ferry which had operated here from 1834, and the 1875 illustrated atlas of St. Joseph County carries the same beginning in its…
Mishawaka
- 1834–1963The postmasters: the federal government's local face
The office that named the town: The Mishawaka post office was established in the spring of 1834, before the town had the name — and, on Chapman's telling, the office gave the town its name: the Indian name "Mishawaka" was given to the post office "at the suggestion of Mr. Werrington, who was appointed postmaster."
Mishawaka
- 1834–1990The two oldest houses: the Ellis-Schindler and Merrifield-Cass houses
The older building: The Ellis-Schindler House at 900 Lincolnway West is a Greek Revival house of 1834 — one-and-a-half stories of wood clapboard on a brick foundation, its heavy raking entablature carried on dentils and regulae, its recessed entry porch framed by paneled pilasters carved with stylized honeysuckle…
Mishawaka
- 1834–2011The web as one story: who staffed Mishawaka's schools
The subscription school of 1834 and the town superintendent of 1848 answer to the iron-works village's own ambition; the Catholic classes begin with Father Edward Sorin's Holy Cross missionaries in 1844 — the Religion section owns the mission — and settle into St. Joseph's vestry, then its 1864 brick schoolhouse.
Mishawaka
- 1834–2024The Ethnic Cultures, One by One, and the Latino Test at Census Strength
The Huggart Settlement — the Black culture of the township, carried at owner strength in Black History and at owner-pointer here by this section's own discipline: Section 29, founded on Samuel Huggart's 1834 application, at its greatest about 1880, gone from the ground by the 1890s, and kept by Karst's scholarship…
Lakeville
- 1834–2026Banks: a tested absence — the money trade that was always somewhere else
The state-bank era: the first bank of the county record is the State Bank of Indiana, chartered 28 January 1834, whose South Bend branch opened 24 November 1838…
Osceola
- 1834–todayThe road through South Bend: Michigan Street and Michigan Avenue
This section of the road was finished in 1834 and 1835." The street names are the survival: the road's name is on the city's main north–south street because the road is under it.
South Bend
- 1834–todayThe burying grounds: Harris Prairie and Salem
The place's oldest religious institution is a cemetery: Harris Prairie Cemetery, at 14500 Adams Road, carries a sign and a record that agree — established 1834, four years after the first settlers, two years before the township itself was organized.
Granger
- 1835The battle that wasn't: the canal Irish, 10 July 1835
The History Center's own history site, in “The Fighting Irish: Canal Builders and the Violence of Progress” (drawing on Tom Castaldi's work, 2002), gives the Fort Wayne climax its date: “On July 10, 1835, armed and angry workers from both factions were prepared to meet in battle, to settle their differences.”
Fort Wayne
- 1835The canal opens a market, 1835–1843
A wheat field without a road is a pantry; with one, it is a business: The first section of the Wabash and Erie Canal, from Fort Wayne to Huntington, opened on 4 July 1835, and through traffic followed as the Ohio works were finished.
Fort Wayne
- 1835The other instruments: Barbee, Indiana City, the Fowlers, Taylor
Its title is "Plat of the Town of Mishawaka," made by William Barbee and Henry Harman on 2 April 1835 and acknowledged 20 April 1835 as the "Town Plat of Mishawaka," by the proprietors, "William Barbee and Henry Harman, by William Barbee as Agent."
Mishawaka
- 1835The water-power ground: dam, races, and the reserved tract
The town's second title system was written in water: The St. Joseph Iron Works' charter — the act approved 22 January 1835 constituting Hurd, John J. Deming, John H. Orr and their associates "the president, directors and company of the St. Joseph Iron Works, for the purpose of manufacturing iron" (Local Acts 1834, page 79)…
Mishawaka
- 1835Four plats on two banks
On April 2, 1835, William Barbee and Henry Harman made their own plat immediately east of the works, and titled it, outright, the "Plat of the Town of Mishawaka" — the first recorded plat on which the name Mishawaka appears, as Howard notes; the settlement it planted was known as Barbee Town.
Mishawaka
- 1835Flour first: the eastern market of the mill town
The first thing Mishawaka shipped out was flour: The town's first flouring mill rose in 1835, two years after the plat, and by 1858 flour was the largest single manufacture in the town's economy…
Mishawaka
- 1835First United Methodist Church: The First Church Building
A society of eight members was organized on 19 July 1835 — the genealogical timeline also carries a duplicate organization row under 1836, and the 1835 date stands here as the society's own settled date, with the duplicate noted.
Mishawaka
- 1835Two civil townships carved out of one: Harris, then Clay
A Washington Township was ordered on 4 May 1835 for this territory and the order was canceled.
Granger
- 1835The plat of 1835 and the promotion plat of 1837
Carlisle acknowledged the plat on 15 August 1835.
New Carlisle
- 1835–1837The speculation era and the closing state line
The title account for the townsite closes in this state: tribal title in the Potawatomi Tribe; ceded by the second tract of the Treaty of 16 October 1826 (Royce Area 133); one quarter-section of section 34 reserved from the public course by the same treaty's schedule of scholar grants and located to Lazarus Bourissa in 1829…
New Carlisle
- 1835–1837The plat as the city's first map, 1835 — and its lithographed second life, 1837
The town's first map of itself is its dedication: the plat Richard R. Carlisle laid on the scholar's quarter-section and dedicated on 15 August 1835, drawing a hundred-foot Michigan Street and sixty-foot cross streets across the prairie's edge before most of the lots had buyers.
New Carlisle
- 1835–1841The Speculation Era and Its Bust: A Named Buyer, a Paper Town, and a State That Went Broke
The town's own Discover New Carlisle history records that in 1835 Lazarus Bourissa's 160 acres were purchased by Richard Risley Carlisle and the name was subsequently changed to New Carlisle…
New Carlisle
- 1835–1842The New York purchase and the panic
The water power was first developed by men who never lived here: In 1835 Alexis Coquillard sold the water power at the bend to a company of New Yorkers — Joseph Fellows, Garrett V. Dennison, Thomas W. Alcott, James McKower, William J. Worth and John Van Buren, as the 1880 county history prints their names.
South Bend
- 1835–1842A township made, unmade, and trimmed
The civil frame came in three orders and one cancellation: on May 4, 1835, an order formed Washington Township in the county's southeast corner — and the order was canceled.
Granger
- 1835–1843The establishment test — no New Carlisle office on 1 July 1836
The town was platted in 1835, and the post office was not there yet. The federal Table of Post Offices in the United States, on the first of July 1836, searched whole for the name, carries exactly one New Carlisle: Clark County, Ohio's.
New Carlisle
- 1835–1856Working the canal: tolls, packets, and the Dock
The first section out of Fort Wayne, to Huntington, opened in the first days of July 1835 (the public library's canal history gives 4 July; other summaries give 3 July), and boatbuilding started with the traffic: the first boat constructed at Fort Wayne was the Indiana , built in 1834 by F. P. Tinkham.
Fort Wayne
- 1835–1857Fort Wayne branch, State Bank of Indiana
Founded: 25 August 1835 — The date 25 August 1835 is the History Center's date, quoted on the ACGSI timeline; the year 1835 is agreed by every record-based source in hand, but no contemporaneous primary record for the 25 August date was quoted in hand, so the exact day rests on the accounts cited.
Fort Wayne
- 1835–1857The State Bank branch — Fort Wayne's first money
The State Bank of Indiana — the parent bank's bill drafted by Samuel Hanna and enacted 28 January 1834 — opened its Fort Wayne branch on 25 August 1835, with Allen Hamilton as branch president and Hugh McCulloch, a young lawyer with no banking experience, as cashier from October 1835.
Fort Wayne
- 1835–1861The two oldest houses: the item at its true size
That is printed as a finding about the record, not about the town: a village platted in 1835, with a merchant class by the 1850s, assuredly raised houses in the 1840s and 1850s, and some may stand.
New Carlisle
- 1835–1866The first families: the settlement of 1835
The first family: "The first settlements in the territory now forming Lincoln township were made as early as 1835.
Walkerton
- 1835–1880The first farms — settlement from the fall of 1835, and Chapman's farm roll of 1880
The first settlement of the township was made in the fall of 1835 by Christian Fulmer and family. Chapman's narrative continues: "The next spring Thomas H. Wiley came in" — the spring of 1836.
Walkerton
- 1835–1899The first servants: five trustees and a clerk of the election
The election of 1835: Mishawaka's public service begins with a return of election.
Mishawaka
- 1835–1963The long tail, II: trustees, councilmen, clerks, marshals and the appointed desks — entries 28–58
James White — one of the five trustees elected 31 January 1835 at the house of Orlando Hurd, the first public servants of the place (Howard (1907), the election return).
Mishawaka
- 1835–2022A County Court at South Bend, and Mishawaka's Own Officers
On January 1, 1835, the village of St. Joseph Iron Works — the furnace settlement on the river from which the city descends — was organized with trustees White, Deming, Stancliff, De Camp, and Sanderlands; Chapman's county history calls it the first village organization in the county.
Mishawaka
- 1835–2026The frame: how a town platted in 1856 keeps a service record
The ground: the first settlements on this ground were made in 1835, when it lay in Liberty Township; Lincoln Township itself was formed by order of the county board on 7 June 1866, with boundaries that have remained unchanged since (Howard).
Walkerton
- 1835–2026First, the paper: the 1835 plat and the geography of the additions
The town was platted in 1835 on the northeast quarter of section 34, the scholar quarter-section that had been Lazarus Bourissa's under the Treaty of 1826's schedule, purchased from the scholar's children by Richard R. Carlisle and dedicated by him on 15 August 1835 — the land leg's record, pointed to here and not re-dug.
New Carlisle
- 1835–2026Closing synthesis: a town that grew by additions, inside a township of hamlets
A plat of 1835 on a quarter-section. A first addition old enough to be the cemetery ordinance's frame in 2026, its blocks and lots still administering burials.
New Carlisle
- 1835–todayThe frame: trustees, a town board, then a city
The village of 1835: On 31 January 1835 St. Joseph Iron Works became the first incorporated village in St. Joseph County, ahead of South Bend, and its residents elected five village trustees…
Mishawaka
- 1835–todayPublic Servants: Open Questions
The named gaps, with their settling sources: (1) The town officers of 1835–1899 between the first trustees and the last town board — the Mishawaka City Council Records, 1845–1977, at the Hesburgh Libraries, and the town minute books they continue.
Mishawaka
- 1836The canal-era houses: American, Rockhill, Hedekin
The American House — John Spencer erected the building in 1836 on the northeast corner of the public square, kept first by Amos Compton and then by E. Palmer — was enough of a civic room that the citizens held their meeting for a daily mail line there on September 2, 1843.
Fort Wayne
- 1836The Eagle Hotel and the Rate War of 1837
Russ held the tavern license at the May term of 1836 and again at the September term of 1837. The house kept about twenty boarders, canal and race men among them — the labor of the dam and race works lodging by the week — and its rate is the first hotel price the South Bend record preserves: three dollars for board and lodging.
South Bend
- 1836Battell Park
The city's first public park began as ground reserved, and withheld, on a speculative plat: When Joseph Battell and Grove and James R. Lawrence platted Indiana City on the north bank in 1836, they reserved the high riverfront tract — the ground Howard's history describes as "reserved for water power"…
Mishawaka
- 1836Harris Township: the trustee, the board, and the township's own services
Harris Township is the senior government of the designated place: formed by order of the county commissioners on January 5, 1836 — an earlier order forming a Washington Township on overlapping ground, dated May 4, 1835, was canceled…
Granger
- 1836The roadside stands: Earl's Tavern, and the search for a second
The township's first election was held at Earl's tavern in April 1836, thirty votes polled (Chapman). The stand predates the plat by two decades; the town's own plan narrative remembers the place's first name as "Earl Town," at narrative strength, credited to the town's historian.
Lakeville
- 1836A town with two birthdays: the plat of 1836 or 1837
North Liberty was laid out in 1836 or in 1837, and the record carries both years. The banked spine prints the conflict whole, unmerged, in its first paragraph and in its plat article: the Antrim plat falls in one year on some carriers and the other on the rest, and the build does not choose.
North Liberty
- 1836The plat: the Antrim ground, 1836 or 1837
The town was laid out on the Antrim ground at the corner of four sections — in 1836 by the dedication Howard prints, in 1837 by Chapman's account.
North Liberty
- 1836The plat's crossing: geometry before roads
The town was centred on a crossing before it had roads to cross: Howard (pp. 313–314) records the plat laid out in January 1836 at the corner common to sections 28, 29, 32 and 33 of Township 36 North, Range 1 East, with Main Street "intended to be of extraordinary width, being 82.5 feet, while others are but 66 feet"…
North Liberty
- 1836–1837The naming of "North Liberty" — what the record proves, and what it tells as story
What the record proves: Howard quotes the plat dedication itself — dated 12 January 1836, by Daniel Antrim, the plat surveyed by Tyra W. Bray — and the dedication as quoted recites no naming statement.
North Liberty
- 1836–1841Removal: what passed, what did not pass, and the band that stayed
(The reserve had been ceded by the Treaty of Yellow River, 5 August 1836, which Menominee refused to sign and whose signatures he claimed were forged; Menominee survived the march and died at St. Marys, Kansas, 15 April 1841.)
North Liberty
- 1836–1842The first manufactures, before the dam
The first factory building in South Bend made nothing: The 1880 county history is blunt about the ordering of the town's industrial life — the first building erected for manufacturing purposes was the "old glass house" of 1836, a frame about sixty by eighty feet with a wing, built near the crossing of Division and…
South Bend
- 1836–1843Correspondents: a future Vice President writes from New Carlisle, and a pioneer writes for the Gazette
New Carlisle produced no editor of record's record — but it housed, for five boyhood years, a boy who became one of Indiana's great editors: Schuyler Colfax came to New Carlisle in 1836, aged thirteen, with his mother and his stepfather George W. Matthews, and lived here until the family moved to South Bend in 1841…
New Carlisle
- 1836–1847The stage-road town: Cranmer, Ivens, the Mathews store — and Schuyler Colfax
Richard Cranmer built the town's hotel in 1836 and sold it to Joseph Ivens, whose house won, Chapman says, a "great reputation" on the stage line; when Mrs. R. J. Pidge arrived in 1847, the hotel was still Ivens', and the post office — established 1837 — sat in a blacksmith shop.
New Carlisle
- 1836–1850Horace Rockwell: the first professional painter
Horace Rockwell was the first known traveling artist to visit the town and make a living in it, and the History Center's judgment is plainer than that: he settled in Fort Wayne in 1836 and is considered the city's first professional painter.
Fort Wayne
- 1836–1877The insurance record: two mutuals
In 1836, Howard's county history records, leading citizens of the town took a prominent part in organizing the first insurance company of St. Joseph County, the St. Joseph County Mutual Fire Insurance Company, chartered by an act approved in February 1837 (Local Laws of 1837, p. 211).
South Bend
- 1836–1887The Free Press and the St. Joseph Valley Register: Colfax's paper
The second paper: The Free Press was established in 1836 by William Millikan and ran, in the 1907 history's words, "fairly successful for a time; but after nine years was discontinued."
South Bend
- 1836–1900The Township Schoolhouse: A Log School-House in 1836
Union Township's first school-house was a log structure built in 1836 on the corner of James Moon's farm, and its first school was a subscription school of about twenty scholars.
Lakeville
- 1836–1900The nineteenth century: inquests without a cause célèbre
Its settler, if the record is larger than the histories admit, is the county coroner's inquest record and the circuit court criminal dockets for 1836–1900, neither of which was read whole; both stand as named gaps.
North Liberty
- 1836–1907The officeholder lines, cross-carried
The civil line begins at Earl's tavern: April 1836, all the voters present, thirty votes polled, John Henderson and Jacob Rector justices of the peace, one supervisor elected — "Previous to this they had gone to South Bend to vote."
Lakeville
- 1836–1917The Hotels — Shirk to Cordary to Deed, and the Forrest Hotel's Missing Keeper
The tavern frame stands in the Story of Lakeville section (Earl's, 1836, the Michigan Road rest-station origin) and is not re-told here.
Lakeville
- 1836–1930The station test: "no business of any kind is done"
Clay Township's first election, in 1840, was held in "Brooks' barn" (Chapman) — a barn, not a tavern; the county's older townships held their first elections in taverns, as Chapman's Union Township chapter shows with Earl's tavern in 1836, and that chapter belongs to Lakeville's township in the county's south and is…
Granger
- 1836–1938The earlier papers, and the News-Times
The first papers: Brown's chronology gives the county its first newspaper in 1831 — the Western Pioneer and St. Joseph Intelligencer The documented line runs clearer from 1836: the South Bend Free Press (1836–1845 in the Library of Congress's newspaper directory, succeeding the St. Joseph Beacon and Indiana & Michigan…
South Bend
- 1836–1979The churches as buildings: a survey of the unlisted sacred fabric
The first generation: The city's first church building was a Methodist society's, raised in the fall of 1836 — a year before the town's plats were united.
Mishawaka
- 1836–1991The school ground: one-room schools to a listed landmark
The township taught from 1836; the town's school became its landmark. The township's first school-house (1836) and its subscription school stand in the Chapman article above.
Lakeville
- 1836–2026The crossing as a place
Stand at the junction and the town's whole road history is underfoot: two two-lane undivided state highways crossing at grade at the corner common to sections 28, 29, 32 and 33 — the plat's centre of 1836, still the town's.
North Liberty
- 1836–todayIndiana City's paper geography: the park that was a power reserve, and the squares never built
The boldest lines on any Mishawaka plat were never built on: the Indiana City plat of 1836 reserved its riverfront for industry and its interior for institutions, and the city's present map still carries the reservations — under other uses.
Mishawaka
- 1837Barr Street: the public market, 1837 to today
In 1837 Samuel Hanna — the town's leading pioneer, and, fittingly, a founder of the farmers' Agricultural Society four years later — donated land on Barr Street to the town for a public market, designated for that use in perpetuity; the street itself carried the name of John T. Barr, co-purchaser of the original town plat.
Fort Wayne
- 1837The notable farms: two centuries on the same ground
Indiana's Hoosier Homestead Award, created in 1976, recognizes farms held by one family for a century or more — Centennial at 100 years, Sesquicentennial at 150, Bicentennial at 200, on more than twenty acres…
Fort Wayne
- 1837St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church, and the German Lutheran beginning
The founding: On 14 October 1837, twenty-three heads of families met in the Allen County courthouse to adopt a "Formula for the Discipline of the Evangelical Lutheran Church" and organize the congregation long known as the First Evangelical Lutheran Church of Fort Wayne — today's St. Paul's, at Barr and East Lewis streets.
Fort Wayne
- 1837Lowell: the town across the river
South Bend's second plat was a separate town, laid out to rival it: Alexis Coquillard sold a considerable amount of his East Bank land to Christopher W. Emrick, who laid out the original plat of the town of Lowell in 1837, as the East Bank multiple property documentation tells it.
South Bend
- 1837The towns the city absorbed: Lowell and River Park
Two of South Bend's neighborhoods were once towns of their own: Lowell, on the river's east bank, was laid out in 1837 and named for Lowell, Massachusetts; its ground — between Washington Street and Cedar Street — held, from 1847, the land of St. Joseph's parish, the city's first.
South Bend
- 1837Two Small Houses: The Traveler's Rest and the Franklin House
Benjamin Wall took his license at the November term of 1837 for the southeast corner of Michigan and Jefferson streets.
South Bend
- 1837The water-power town
The dam turned a furnace site into an industrial town: In 1837 the works' proprietors dammed the river at the head of the rapids.
Mishawaka
- 1837The crossings
A two-bank town lives or dies by its bridges: The first bridge crossed in the dam's year, 1837 — built by popular subscription for $2,499, west of the dam, joining the furnace town to the north-bank plats while the union act was still a year away.
Mishawaka
- 1837St. Paul's Episcopal Church: The Pro-Cathedral Years
The founding: St. Paul's was organized on 20 April 1837 by the Rev. Charles B. Stout — who had come from Edwardsburg, Michigan — and the Rev. Henry F. M. Whitesides, as the diocesan archives spell the second founder's name; the parish's own published history spells it Whitehead, and both spellings stand as the two records give them.
Mishawaka
- 1837Incorporation: a town on the map for ninety years before it was a town in law
John A. Hendricks recorded the first plat of the town on November 17, 1837, and named it — probably for Chief Osceola of the Seminole, then prominent in the news — but a recorded plat makes a place, not a municipality.
Osceola
- 1837A town with two birthdays: the plat of 1836 or 1837
North Liberty was laid out in 1836 or in 1837, and the record carries both years. The banked spine prints the conflict whole, unmerged, in its first paragraph and in its plat article: the Antrim plat falls in one year on some carriers and the other on the rest, and the build does not choose.
North Liberty
- 1837The township frame: Liberty organized, 1837
Liberty Township was carved out of Greene by a county-board order of 2 May 1837.
North Liberty
- 1837First houses, first store, the mills on Potato Creek
The town's first things cluster in 1837: the first house, the first store, and the gristmill. Chapman: "soon after its location James Downey built a house; the same year four other houses were built."
North Liberty
- 1837The town's founders as company founders: Antrim's store, the Coles' works
The businesses leg carries the succession whole: the first store, from 1837, passing Antrim to Reynolds to Richardson to Harvey across thirty years, while the Antrim family's own course is the people leg's.
North Liberty
- 1837The first name on the roll: Jas. P. Antrim, justice of the peace, 1837
P. Antrim, who was elected Justice of the Peace" — Chapman's sentence, printed whole in the banked spine beside Howard's differing account of the township's organizing by commissioners' order of 2 May 1837.
North Liberty
- 1837The working creek: the mills, the pond, and the end of water power
The Story of North Liberty section carries the course whole and this section points to it at the size the water owns: the gristmill of 1837, Hiram Bean and Alonzo Hill's sawmill of 1839 "not far from where the present grist-mill stands," a later newspaper history's judgment that Potato Creek "powered more mills than…
North Liberty
- 1837–1843The removal: the column that did not pass here, and the removal that did
Chapman's History of Indiana section, read first-hand, gives the county's frame: in July 1837 Colonel Abel C. Pepper convened the Potawatomi nation at Lake Ke-waw-nay; in the fall of 1837 a party of eighty to ninety was conducted west of the Mississippi by George Proffit…
Walkerton
- 1837–1867The first store: Daniel Antrim → Reynolds → Richardson → Harvey, 1837–1867
Daniel Antrim opened the first store, general merchandise, in 1837. He sold the stock to E. S. Reynolds in 1838; Reynolds sold to A. P. Richardson in 1840; Richardson sold to James Harvey about 1845, who ran it as a general store.
North Liberty
- 1837–1869To 1869 — 10 linkages
Daniel Antrim — the town's first store, general merchandise (opened 1837; sold the stock 1838). E. S. Reynolds — the first store (bought Antrim's stock 1838; sold 1840).
North Liberty
- 1837–1880Law in the township: justices, riders, and one disorder
Israel Rush, the first Justice of the Peace, died in 1837. Henry H. Clark, the prairie holder, was elected Justice of the Peace in his turn "and refused to serve" — the record's only refusal, and a measure of the office's burdens.
New Carlisle
- 1837–1885Booster cartography, named as persuasion
The first is this section's hinge: the 1837 lithographed plat with its beautiful view, printed in New York "in numbers" to circulate in the East — a plat drawn not to record the town but to sell it, its streets' widths honest and its emptiness composed, the proprietor's cartography in the pure form.
New Carlisle
- 1837–1889The race economy, counted in 1889
Ward Baker's study of Mishawaka on the eve of the Civil War, resting on the Hydraulic Company's records and the press of 1837, puts it in one sentence: "Factories occupied the low land along the river bank and the race, while private residences and business houses were along the streets to the south."
Mishawaka
- 1837–1900The Township Course: A Log School-House in 1838, and a Thin District Record
The township frame around the school is settled: Liberty Township was formed by the county board's order of 2 May 1837, and the territory that became Lincoln Township was taken from it on 7 June 1866 — Chapman and Howard agreeing.
North Liberty
- 1837–1901Lowell and the East Bank: the factory village on the east race
The east race got a mill village of its own, named for the mill city of Massachusetts: In 1837 Christopher W. Emrick platted Lowell on land bought from Coquillard along the east bank, and named it for Lowell, Massachusetts — the planned textile city that was then the wonder of American manufacturing.
South Bend
- 1837–1903Every dam on the reach — and the printed negative for Juday Creek
Mishawaka's first dam, 1837. The Indiana Historical Bureau marker at Race and First Streets, Mishawaka (marker 71.1968.1; HMdb gives 41°39.752′N, 86°10.676′W), records: "The original dam, providing power for which Mishawaka was noted, was completed in 1837.
Granger
- 1837–1912Officeholders
From the records read: James P. Antrim, Justice of the Peace, elected at the first election, spring 1837. Norman S. Miller, Justice of the Peace (three successive terms from 1857), Township Trustee (1869, seven years), and Postmaster, "appointed by President Lincoln" — all as Chapman prints them.
North Liberty
- 1837–1916Timothy Edward Howard: the historian who was also a justice
Timothy Edward Howard (1837–1916): the man whose two-volume History of St. Joseph County, Indiana The judicial sweep found him where the Indiana Supreme Court keeps its own: in the court's official biographical sketches.
South Bend
- 1837–1919The first brewer, tested as a question: none found
The negative's tested span is 1837–1919, at directory-and-county-history strength for 1875–1881 in the first hand and at reference-list strength for the remainder.
North Liberty
- 1837–1943The oldest-institution claims
The record's firsts are not oldest-surviving claims: Chapman's store succession gives the first store to Daniel Antrim, 1837, followed by E. S. Reynolds, then A. P. Richardson (1840), then James Harvey to 1867 — a succession of firsts, none a surviving "oldest."
North Liberty
- 1837–2026The frame: a township's churches before it was a town's
The first church organized anywhere in Penn Township — the First Baptist Church of Penn Township, constituted in February 1837 — was also the first Baptist church organized in St. Joseph County, and it stood not in the village but on the township's farm ground south of Mishawaka.
Osceola
- 1837–2026Terre Coupee: the vacated plat, the railroad name, and the parish that carries it now
Howard's Terre Coupee section gives the instrument whole: the plat was surveyed by Thomas P. Bulla for Jacob Egbert and acknowledged 12 April 1837; additions by Egbert and Hubbard were acknowledged 30 January 1841; and on 10 June 1841 the county commissioners vacated the plat entire.
New Carlisle
- 1837–2026The bird's-eye that was, and the ones that were not
The panoramic class prints its negative for this town, and the negative has a shape: New Carlisle published a town view once, in 1837, and no copy is located; no later bird's-eye of the town stands in the record read at all.
New Carlisle
- 1837–2026The forecast record, scored; and the present state of the count
A town's forecasts are part of its population history, and New Carlisle's record opens with an act of persuasion: the extended plat of 1837, lithographed in New York with "a beautiful view of the town overlooking Terre Coupee prairie," prepared in numbers to circulate in the East and attract settlers…
New Carlisle
- 1837–todayBarr Street Market
Founded: 1837 — The marker, the History Center's Castaldi account and the ACGSI/Griswold account all agree that Samuel Hanna donated land to the city in 1837 for a public market, and that a small frame market house was built within six months, patterned on the Philadelphia market, with stalls rented at $5 a year.
Fort Wayne
- 1837–todaySt. Paul's Lutheran School
Founded: October 14, 1837, with St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran congregation itself, organized that day in the Allen County Courthouse by the Rev. Jesse Hoover — the congregational history counts 23 heads of families at the organizing; the historical marker on the site counts 24 families.
Fort Wayne
- 1837–todayTwo banks, one town: the river-divided halves as lived places
The river was the town's first street and its first wall: until 1837 the two banks were separate settlements joined by a ford and a ferryman.
Mishawaka
- 1837–todayStreet names and renamings: the documented equations
Race Street keeps the oldest industrial name in the city: the dam of 1837 stood at its foot, and the races it fed lined both banks.
Mishawaka
- 1837–todayThe Kankakee, at its true frame: the township's western water
Howard's printing of the county board's order of 2 May 1837 runs Liberty Township's western line "west to the Kankakee River, down the river to the LaPorte county line" — the river as a boundary call, miles west of the townsite, on ground taken out of Liberty when Lincoln Township was formed in 1866.
North Liberty
- 1838Paige & Fry's Tannery
The firm is documented once, by an eyewitness: John W. Dawson, who arrived in Fort Wayne on 6 March 1838, describing the town as he saw it that year in his Charcoal Sketches (Fort Wayne Daily Sentinel, 15 March 1872).
Fort Wayne
- 1838Taylor, Freeman & Company
Like Paige & Fry, the firm is documented once, in John W. Dawson's eyewitness description of Fort Wayne in 1838: "Captain Bourie and John B. Peltier had a fine store northwest of Calhoun and Columbia streets; Taylor, Freeman & Company, another on the northwest corner; Captain Ben Smith, a grocery, as then called…
Fort Wayne
- 1838One town, one name: the act of 1838
The legislature made Mishawaka a single town, and gave it the village's name: On February 17, 1838, an act of the General Assembly was approved uniting the several towns and additions at the rapids under one name and one incorporation (Indiana Local Laws 1837–38, Chapter CCXXXIII, page 410).
Mishawaka
- 1838The portrait class: the namesake's face is the best-documented thing about him — the founder's is the gap
George Catlin painted him at Fort Moultrie in January 1838 — Os-ce-o-lá, The Black Drink , now the Smithsonian American Art Museum's (accession 1985.66.301) — and wrote that he painted him "precisely in the costume in which he stood for his picture."
Osceola
- 1838–1840The removal of the rest
The Trail of Death, 1838: The reserve the Tippecanoe treaties carved at Twin Lakes, in Marshall County one county south, was sold under the Yellow River treaty of 5 August 1836 — a signature Menominee himself protested, on 4 November 1837, had been forged for him.
Granger
- 1838–1840Removal, dated: the column that did not pass, and the operation that emptied the valley
The great column of 1838 did not pass this ground, and it is printed as not-here: the Twin Lakes reserve, in the county below this one, fell due on 5 August 1838 under the Yellow River treaty of 5 August 1836 — a signature Menominee protested on 4 November 1837 had been forged for him.
Osceola
- 1838–1840The removal: the column that did not pass here, and the removal that did
The removal everyone pictures belongs to the next county south: the forced column of 1838 — the Trail of Death — assembled at Twin Lakes in Marshall County, on the Yellow River reserve whose 1836 sale the taking article above names, and marched its 859 people through Logansport to Kansas, 42 dying on the road…
Walkerton
- 1838–1840Removal: the column that started south of here and marched south
The forced removal of Chief Menominee's band began at the Twin Lakes reserve in Marshall County, south of this town: after General John Tipton's militia surrounded the chapel gathering of 30 August 1838, the column — about 859 Potawatomi in the Citizen Potawatomi Nation's own account…
Lakeville
- 1838–1843The removal of the rest: 1838 and 1840
The deadline in that disputed treaty passed on 5 August 1838. Governor David Wallace authorized General John Tipton to remove the band by force; on 29–30 August Tipton's hundred volunteer militia surrounded the Twin Lakes village, and the registration rolls recorded 859 people.
South Bend
- 1838–1843Removal's course on this ground, 1838–1843
When that disputed treaty's deadline passed on 5 August 1838, Governor David Wallace authorised General John Tipton to remove the band by force; Tipton's militia surrounded the Twin Lakes village at the end of August, the rolls recorded 859 people, and on 4 September 1838 the column set out…
Mishawaka
- 1838–1843Removal: the dated course, and the band that stayed
The Michigan removal clock ran three years from the 1833 treaty's proclamation on 21 February 1835, expiring 21 February 1838.
New Carlisle
- 1838–1844The one standing house · Alexander T. Rankin and 818 South Lafayette
In September 1838 Alexander T. Rankin was one of the organizers of the Indiana Antislavery Society ; the National Register nomination for his house records that he is the only recorded individual who participated in the organization of antislavery societies in both Ohio and Indiana, that he organized abolition…
Fort Wayne
- 1838–1850The exempted · the families who could stay
The treaties of 1838 and 1840 excepted named families and their patented reserves from the general removal: the Richardville family, holding its Allen County and Forks reserves; the family of Francis Godfroy…
Fort Wayne
- 1838–1858The State Bank of Indiana's South Bend branch — the first bank
A public meeting was held on 22 February 1838, and that summer the branch's stock was sold: the subscription books opened on 2 July 1838 under commissioners Alexis Coquillard, Lathrop M. Taylor and John Grant — the fur trader and the town's co-founder among them…
South Bend
- 1838–1869The founding bankers as a roll, and the banker who rescued the bank as a chief in his own right
The founding bankers' roll for this county is dug in the Granger banks addendum at Howard strength, and it is restated here as a roll, at roll size, because this section owns the men as founders: the State Bank of Indiana's South Bend branch (opened 24 November 1838) was secured through Dr. John A. Henricks, the Hon.…
Osceola
- 1838–1921The second rank — Howard's incorporation roll and the directories' small headings
Howard's roll, the firms no other entry carries: the Mishawaka Iron and Manufacturing Company, organized under an act approved February 17, 1838, capital one hundred thousand dollars — John N. Sherman, Orlando Hurd, George W. R. Fowler, Charles W. Pomery and Alonzo Delano…
Mishawaka
- 1838–1933The nineteenth century · a blank page, and the quiet decades after
No case: South Bend had banks from the State Bank of Indiana's branch, located here in 1838, through the national charters of 1863 and after, and the county's historians chronicled those banks in detail — their charters, officers, corners and failures.
South Bend
- 1838–1941The founding bankers — Stanfield, Seixas, Brownfield, Blanchard, and the rest
The branch era: South Bend's first bank was secured, not founded in the modern sense: Dr. John A. Henricks, Thomas D. Baird and George Crawford worked to land a branch of the State Bank of Indiana, and when the branch's stock was sold in the summer of 1838 the subscription books opened under commissioners Alexis…
South Bend
- 1838–2000The architects of the town's buildings
Oliver Emery, named by Howard as the architect of the Hamilton Methodist church of 1838–1841, stands alone: the only designer attached to any building in the township in any source read for this build.
New Carlisle
- 1838–2005The working map run: the region's street sheets as a dated series, and where Osceola enters them
It opens with an 1838 map of South Bend and an 1876 plan of South Bend and Mishawaka (digitized); then a 1903 map of the city of South Bend; Hibberd's maps of 1908, of South Bend and of Mishawaka & River Park; a 1921 map of South Bend and Mishawaka; the Greater South Bend and Mishawaka sheets of 1937, 1939 and 1941…
Osceola
- 1838–2024The churches as buildings: one named architect, one church that left by rail
The Religion section owns the congregations; this article owns their buildings, and the buildings' record runs from a named architect in 1838 to a fiberglass steeple in 1968.
New Carlisle
- 1839Trinity Episcopal Church
In 1839 he sent the Rev. Benjamin Hutchins of Philadelphia, and Christ Episcopal Church was formally established on 26 May 1839 — but the parish folded in less than a year when Hutchins departed.
Fort Wayne
- 1839The first brewer and the first distiller: John Wagner, tested
Peter J. De Kever's history of the city, commissioned by Mishawaka itself, traces the Kamm & Schellinger company's origins to "John Wagner, who had operated a brewery and distillery in town since 1839."
Mishawaka
- 1839The distillers: one documented still, then a searched silence
The positive, restated at its size: Mishawaka's distilling record opens with the strongest early claim in either city's build: John Wagner operated a distillery in the town from 1839, on the city history's record, beside his brewery — a still running in the iron-works town when South Bend had no maker of any kind.
Mishawaka
- 1839Wine and mead: the searched negatives, at true size
Both negatives are printed at their true size, which is this one paragraph: the leg that found a distillery in 1839 and a brewery in a pizza palace reports, for wine and mead and cider, that there is nothing to report, and says how it looked.
Mishawaka
- 1839–1874The Anthony Waynes and the rival companies
The original company was reorganized there; its 1839 membership roll reads like the town's directory of leading men — Francis Comparet, Hugh McCulloch, Samuel Hanna, William Rockhill, Thomas Hamilton, Samuel Edsall, Robert Brackenridge Jr. and some fifty more.
Fort Wayne
- 1839–1900The first families of record · settlement under the Black Laws
The first permanent Black resident of South Bend is believed to be Peter Coleman , who settled in the city in 1839 .
South Bend
- 1839–1907Emma Barrett Molloy: the editor who argued for the ballot
Emma Barrett Molloy (1839–1907): born in South Bend in 1839, and the city’s first suffrage voice in print.
South Bend
- 1839–1907Emma Barrett Molloy: the editor who argued for the ballot
Emma Barrett Molloy (1839–1907): born in South Bend in 1839, and the city's first suffrage voice in print.
South Bend
- 1839–1972The houses
The first houses: The service's first home was the wooden fire house of 1839 on William G. Ewing's lot at Clinton and Main, replaced in 1845–46 by the $337.78 engine house on city property.
Fort Wayne
- 1839–2026Dealerships: the horse-trade ground, a tested franchise negative, and the McKinley used-car row
The dealerships leg opens, as its checklist requires, on the horse-trade ground the motor trade inherited: Penn Township's smith-and-wagon trade is named from 1839 — Andrew Taylor, "Blacksmith and Wagon Maker," settled that year on the atlas directory's line (his post-office cell lost in transcription, flagged in People)…
Osceola