The exact page text, read by your browser's voice.
People · The Human Record of the Bend
South Bend's history was made by a knowable set of people, and this section holds them at the size the record gives them. It begins with the traders — a French-Canadian agent of the American Fur Company who built the first post at the bend in 1820, and the Detroit trader whose station the town grew around — and with the Potawatomi leader whose diplomacy kept his band on its own ground while removal emptied the valley around it. It holds the city's one vice president, Schuyler Colfax, at full size: the deputy auditor who became an editor, the editor who became Speaker of the House, and the Speaker whose career the Crédit Mobilier scandal ended without ever judging. It holds the printer who gave Colfax his start and carried the state's government printing press to Washington; the five Studebaker brothers and the two managers who rescued their company from its dead president's receivership; the Scottish plow-maker and the son who built Copshaholm; the Swedish minister's son whose brake company made South Bend the site of the first sit-down strike in an American auto plant, and the unnamed-by-history thousand who sat down in it. It holds Notre Dame's founder, its chaplain-president, and the president who ran it for thirty-five years; the Polish priest who built the west side's mother parish; the nun who presided over Saint Mary's for twenty-seven years and founded the first graduate school of theology open to women; the Croatian sculptor who ended his life as the university's professor with his Pietà in its basilica. It holds the Black attorneys who desegregated the city's pool in the courtroom's antechamber, the nurse who desegregated its hospitals and factories, and the councilwoman who became the Common Council's first Black president. It holds the comptroller who became a prisoner of war, a mayor, and a governor; the newspaper family that published the Tribune for five generations; the bank chairwoman who was Notre Dame's first female trustee; the Dutch immigrant whose tire store became the world's largest online tire seller; and the born-here — the Hall of Fame pitcher who retired to a Napier Street service station, the English teacher at Central High School who became John Wooden, the Washington High School guard the city honored as its first WNBA first-round pick. Where the record is thin, the entry is thin and says so. Where two sources give two dates, both stand.
The traders: the men the town grew on
1820 – 1865
Pierre Frieschutz Navarre (dates not established in the record read): the settlement's first resident trader. An educated French-Canadian in the service of John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company, Navarre came up the St. Joseph…
The Pokagons: the band that remained
c. 1775 – 1899
Leopold Pokagon (c. 1775–1841): the Potawatomi leader whose diplomacy is the reason a Pokagon band exists in this region at all. Pokagon succeeded Topenebee as leader of the St. Joseph Potawatomi in 1826, was baptized a Catholic…
Schuyler Colfax: the city's vice president
1823 – 1885
Schuyler Colfax (1823–1885): South Bend's highest-reaching son, and the fullest political life this section holds. He was born in New York City on 23 March 1823; his father died before he was born, and his mother remarried George…
John D. DeFrees: the printer who started the city's press — and Colfax
1810 – 1882
John Dougherty DeFrees (1810–1882): the man who brought printing to northern Indiana and, with it, the region's political class. He was born at Sparta, Tennessee — on 8 November 1810 by the Indiana Magazine of History's obituary…
The Studebakers: five brothers, a dead president, and the two who saved it
1826 – 1966
The five brothers: the founding generation of the company that defined the city were the sons of John and Rebecca Studebaker of Ashland County, Ohio. Henry Studebaker (1826–1895) and Clement Studebaker (1831–1901) opened the…
The Olivers: the plow, the presidency, and Copshaholm
1823 – 1987
James Oliver (1823–1908): the inventor. Born on 28 August 1823 at Newcastleton, Scotland, Oliver came to America in 1835, and in May 1855 bought a quarter interest in a South Bend foundry. His chilled plow — its share hardened by…
The brake maker and the cabinet maker: Bendix and Pine
1868 – 1936
Vincent Hugo Bendix (born 1882): the inventor-executive whose name is still on the street. Bendix was born on 12 August 1882 at Moline, Illinois, the son of a Swedish Methodist minister. His Bendix drive — the self-engaging…
Sister Madeleva: the president of Saint Mary's
1887 – 1964
Sister Mary Madeleva Wolff, C.S.C. (1887–1964): poet, medievalist, and for twenty-seven years the president of Saint Mary's College, across the road from Notre Dame in the community that shares South Bend's life. She was born…
Father Czyzewski: the builder of Polish South Bend
1846 – 1913
The Rev. Valentine Czyzewski, C.S.C. (1846–1913): the priest who built the Polish west side's mother parish and, with it, much of Polish South Bend. He was born on 14 February 1846 — one account gives 15 February — at Talkuny, in…
The Local 9 generation: the thousand who sat down
1936 – 2016
The sit-downers of Bendix, November 1936: this entry belongs to a body of people the record mostly holds collectively, and it prints them at that size honestly. When the company ordered all workers outside, to decide whether they…
Black South Bend's leaders: the lawyers, the nurse, and the council presidents
1900 – present
J. Chester Allen (born 1900) and Elizabeth Fletcher Allen: the attorneys who opened the pool. J. Chester Allen was born in 1900 at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and practiced law in South Bend with his wife, Elizabeth Fletcher Allen …
The Tribune family: five generations of Millers and Schurzes
1840 – 2019
Alfred Bryant Miller (1840–1892) and Elmer Crockett (1844–1907): the founders. Miller was born in South Bend in 1840, the son of Benjamin Franklin Miller, an abolitionist newspaperman whose Cincinnati presses Kentucky slave…
Joe Kernan: the catcher, the prisoner, the governor
1946 – 2020
Joseph E. Kernan (1946–2020): the fullest public life of the city's modern era, and the one the Government section expressly left for this page — his mayoralty (1988–97), lieutenant governorship, and governorship stand there…
The civic builders: the bank, the foundation, the tire store, and the 29-year-old mayor
1926 – present
Ernestine Morris Carmichael Raclin (1927–2023): the city's first woman of finance, and Notre Dame's first female trustee. Raised in South Bend — daughter of E. M. Morris, of the Morris banking line — "Ernie" Raclin became…
The sporting lives: the pitcher who stayed, the teacher who became Wooden, and the born-here champions
1889 – present
Stan Coveleski (1889–1984): the Hall of Famer who chose South Bend for his second life. Born Stanislaus Kowalewski on 13 July 1889 at Shamokin, Pennsylvania, a Polish coal town, Coveleski pitched fourteen major-league seasons…
Born here, famous elsewhere: the screen
1937 – present
Chad Everett (1937–2012): born Raymon Lee Cramton in South Bend on 11 June 1937 and raised in Dearborn, Michigan — the tie is birth, and it is printed at that strength. Under his stage name he starred in the long-running…
Jr. Walker: the sound the west side sent to Motown
1931 – 1995
Junior Walker (1931–1995): born Autry DeWalt Mixon Jr. on 14 June 1931 at Blytheville, Arkansas, and raised in South Bend, where his mother had come seeking work — the tie is upbringing, printed at that strength. He began on…
The long tail: names the record carries
1831 – present
George W. Matthews: Colfax's stepfather; his election as St. Joseph County auditor in 1841 brought the family to South Bend and made his stepson his deputy — the first office of the future vice president.
Robert Lowell Miller Jr.: the federal judge from South Bend
1950 –
Robert Lowell Miller Jr. (born 1950): born in South Bend on 21 November 1950 — the Federal Judicial Center's Biographical Directory of Federal Judges carries the birth in those words — and born and raised here, as the…
Frank Sullivan Jr.: the second justice
1950 –
Frank Sullivan Jr. (born 1950): the Indiana Supreme Court's own biography opens with the tie in its own words: "Sullivan is a native of South Bend." He was born in this city in 1950 — the reference record gives 21 March 1950 …
Isiah Whitlock Jr.: the record completed
1954 – 2025
Isiah Whitlock Jr. (1954–2025): the People section carries this actor compactly, and as a living person. Whitlock was born in South Bend on 13 September 1954 and starred at football at John Adams High School, class of 1972.…
Jeremy Leven: the novelist-screenwriter of The Notebook, born here
1941 –
Jeremy Leven (born 1941): a name the Famous People pass left at "documented tie unresolved," settled up here on the standard biographical record. Contemporary Authors gives the birth plainly: South Bend, Indiana, 16 August 1941…
Dylan Krieger: the poet
1990 –
Dylan Krieger (born 1990): settled up from the same unresolved list, at compact size. Her publisher's biography gives the tie its own flourish: born in South Bend on 6 March 1990, "baptized thrice, and graduated summa cum laude…
Pamela Gaye Walker: the stage actress
born in South Bend; year not firmly documented
Pamela Gaye Walker: settled up from the unresolved list at her record's true size — a South Bend birth and upbringing, and a regional-stage career of documented distinction rather than national fame. She was born Pamela Gaye in…
Timothy J. Roemer: congressman and ambassador, born here
1956 –
Timothy John Roemer (born 1956): in the Public Servants record Roemer stands in the House succession and nowhere at entry size; the sweep enters him at the size the official biography supports. The Biographical Directory of the…
Tom Emmer: a birth, printed as a birth
1961 –
Tom Emmer (born 1961): the sweep's purest test of the birth-tie rule. The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (E000294) records: born in South Bend, St. Joseph County, Indiana, 3 March 1961. Everything after…
Three congressmen promoted from the succession list
1886 – 1990
The Public Servants record carries the district's House succession whole, but three of its holders stood there at a line each.
Thurman C. Crook: settled down
1891 – 1981
Thurman C. Crook (1891–1981): the sweep's one down-settlement, and it is printed plainly because the roster it corrects is this history's own. The Public Servants record carries the district's House succession with the summary…
Entered whole elsewhere: the pointer roll
The sweep's confirmations
The sweep re-tested the rolls against the rosters name by name. The names below are documented South Bend people a reader might expect to find entered; each already stands whole in the section that owns the record, and stands…
Tested and not entered
The documented negatives
A completeness sweep that only adds names is a press release, not a record. The tests below were run and failed, and they print at the size the failure supports.